Process of Parenting 9th Edition Brooks Test Bank

Process of Parenting 9th Edition
Brooks Test Bank

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c7
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. When their infants were three months of age, James McHale found that in his middle-class sample of parents,
about __________ of women and ________ percentage of men suffered from clinical levels of depressive
symptoms.
________________________________________
2. Dr. Harvey Karp believes newborns would benefit from an additional __________.
________________________________________
3. Marc Bornstein describes social caregiving as __________.

________________________________________
4. James McHale's research, parents' prebirth negative predictions about lack of support and cooperation with
the other parent came true only when babies were __________.
________________________________________
5. In the first two years, according to Jean Piaget, the baby's __________ are his or her sources of knowledge.
________________________________________
6. Before the age of two, boys and girls are equally likely to show __________ behaviors but after two, boys
showed a significantly higher rate of the behavior.
________________________________________
7. The term __________ refers to guidance in which parents step in to give the child support in order to achieve
the desired goal.
________________________________________
8. Attachment is defined as _________.

________________________________________
9. Fathers are most likely to engage in play and caregiving with the baby when the marriage is __________.
________________________________________
10. To reduce deaths from Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends
that infants should be put to sleep __________ with a ____________.
________________________________________
11. Dr. Karp believes that in the womb, babies have a powerful _________ reflex that the Cuddle Cure triggers
after birth.
________________________________________
12. __________ was the main factor in decreasing parents' cooperative alliance in the first year of life..
________________________________________
13. A major goal of the child-rearing method known as RIE (Resources for Infant Educarers) is to provide
support so infants and toddlers ___________________.
________________________________________
14. Children's play is more sophisticated when they play with ____________.
________________________________________
15. T. Berry Brazelton and Stanley Greenspan believe parents require ____________ that supports parents'
efforts and children's growth
________________________________________
16. Parents' imaginary play with toddlers is fun and enjoyable for them both, but has little effect on children's
later development.
True False
17. Toddlers cannot go beyond their own emotional reactions to help another in distress.
True False
18. When mothers are trained to help children elaborate and talk about events, children have richer memories of
events.
True False
19. In most parts of the world, infants sleep with a parent, and most toddlers sleep with or near a parent.
True False
20. Attachment parenting requires that mothers be at home, so it is very difficult to have employment outside
the home.
True False
21. Fearless children who are energetic, curious, and self-directed benefit from firm discipline with negative
consequences.
True False
22. Because premature babies are survivors, our culture has a positive view of them.
True False
23. Babies pattern their own moods on mothers' emotions.

True False
24. In helping parents deal with their fussy babies, the Fussy Baby Network focuses on the marital relationship
and ways of improving it so parents can work together to deal with the bay's crying.
True False
25. Incorporating both parents' points of view in solutions to infant care-giving leads to practices neither parent
carries out well.
True False
26. Parents reported in the study of care-giving in the first year that thy were satisfied with the amount of time
they had with their family.
True False
27. Ways of soothing crying infants differ from one society to another.
True False
28. To prevent potential problem behaviors, parents divert children's attention to alternative behaviors that are
approved.
True False
29. A New Zealand study found that more than fifty percent of children slept at least five hours at night by three
months of age.
True False
30. Typical parenting routines provide a rich variety of language and vocabulary for young children.
True False
31. The five ‘Bs' of Attachment Parenting include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. bonding.
B. bottle-feeding.
C. bed sharing.
D. baby wearing.
32. Mothers do well with their premature infants when they adopt a(an) ________________ view of their
child's future outcome.
A. realistic
B. optimistic
C. wait-and-see
D. all of the above
33. An Enhanced Visitation Program that reduced the rate of child abuse for mothers at risk for abuse involved:
A. anger management training.
B. training in parenting skills.
C. training to empower mothers.
D. training to support children's health.
34. In Florence Goodenough's study, parents of children with many temper outbursts were
A. aware of children's needs.
B. inconsistent and unpredictable in discipline.
C. firm when conflicts arose.
D. A and C
35. Dr. Karp's five-step program for helping newborns settle into their new world includes all of the following
EXCEPT
A. swaddling.
B. shushing.
C. silencing.
D. sucking.
36. A mother of a newborn worries her baby is not normal because he sleeps only twelve hours a day. What do
you tell her?
A. All newborns sleep at least eighteen hours a day.
B. Twelve hours is outside the normal range of infant sleep.
C. Twelve hours of sleep is within the normal range of infant sleep.
D. none of these
37. In the first year of a child's life, parents are in what Ellen Galinsky terms the __________ stage.
A. image making
B. nurturing
C. dependent
D. providing
38. Fussy Baby Network provides parents with

A. explanations for babies' crying.
B. direct suggestions on how parents can reduce crying.
C. support for parents so they find their own solutions to reduce crying.
D. A and C.
39. At eighteen months of age, toddlers

A. understand others have different desires from their own.
B. assume others want what they want.
C. are focused on their own needs and have little interest in what others want.
D. are focused on what others want from them.
40. A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of parenting programs for expectant and new parents found that the
programs
A. affected parents' stress levels and marital adjustment but not babies' development.
B. affected parents' care-giving behaviors but not parents' stress levels.
C. improved parents' marital adjustment but not their care-giving behaviors.
D. had positive effects on parents' care-giving behaviors and babies' development.
41. Toddlers reduce negative feelings in all of the following ways EXCEPT
A. using transitional objects.
B. looking away and soothing themselves.
C. going to bed.
D. asking parents for help.
42. Babies cry less in the first three months when

A. A. they are left alone in an infant seat.
B. B. mothers carry them about three hours a day.
C. C. parents ignore the crying.
D. D. parents talk to them from a distance.
43. By age _____________, children begin to use pronouns such as "I, me, mine" to reflect an increasing sense
of self.
A. twelve months
B. eighteen months
C. twenty-four months
D. thirty months
44. Temper outbursts peak in the second year and are most likely to occur when children are
A. distracted from play.
B. busy with play.
C. hungry and tired.
D. interacting with peers.
45. In comparison to babies whose mothers received no special guidance, irritable babies whose mothers
received suggestions for stimulating and responding to the babies
A. were more likely to have secure attachments at 12 months.
B. showed few effects of guidance when babies were twenty-four months old.
C. were less involved with peers at 24 months.
D. A and C
46. New Zealand study of sleeping patterns of infants revels that at twelve months of age
A. one-third of babies do not sleep more than five hours at night.
B. only one-third of babies sleep eight or more hours.
C. only 50 percent of babies sleep eight or more hours at night.
D. over 70 percent of babies sleep eight hours at night.
47. At six months of age babies

A. have rudimentary visual skills and see about the distance of eight to ten inches.
B. can detect differences in quantities of objects observed.
C. focus primarily on their own actions.
D. A and C
48. Empirical study of infants crying and sleeping behaviors

A. gives parents information for making choices in care-giving behaviors.
B. reveals Western forms of parenting have no advantages over attachment parenting.
C. suggests attachment parenting requires more time but reduces infants' crying and promotes their sleeping.
D. suggests attachment parenting has no advantages over Western parenting.
49. When parents of three-month-old babies were in the process of forming a coparenting alliance, they
A. were not in conflict but out of synch.
B. argued until they arrived at a compromise.
C. ignored problems as they arose.
D. each took responsibilities for certain areas of care-giving.
50. Parents can advance children's language skills in the second year if they
A. wait to see that children are paying attention to what they say.
B. wait until children ask what an object is called.
C. are clear in what they are labeling.
D. A and C
51. Thirteen- and eighteen-month-old children whose parents directed positive affirming words to them
A. came to expect only positive words.
B. used primarily positively toned words with family members.
C. ignored parents' comments.
D. A and C
52. Mothers' sensitive and supportive care-giving in infancy predicts all of the following behaviors EXCEPT
A. reduced resting levels of stress hormones.
B. positive secure attachments.
C. dependence at age two.
D. self regulation at age two.
53. Negative interactions with parents in infancy

A. are brief and last only a few seconds.
B. increase likelihood of toddler noncompliance.
C. have few effects in the toddler or later years.
D. A and C
54. In England a longitudinal study of sleeping in the first four years revealed that
A. the large majority of parents never coslept with babies.
B. the majority coslept with babies in the first three months but discontinued by twelve months.
C. one-third of parents coslept with babies in the first year but gave it up by two years of age.
D. about one-third of parents coslept with babies the entire four years.
55. When comparing the crying and sleeping patterns of babies whose parents used attachment parenting with
crying and sleeping of babies whose London parents used Western European forms of caregiving and those
babies whose parents used a Danish form of European parenting, researchers found all of the following
EXCEPT
A. babies of attachment parenting had lower levels of unsoothable crying at ten days and five weeks.
B. babies in all three groups reduced their crying by twelve weeks of age.
C. infants of London parents spent more time crying and fussing at ten days and five weeks than infants in other
two groups.
D. infants of London and Danish parents were more likely to sleep five or more hours without waking at twelve
weeks than infants of attachment parents.
56. Give four ways in which parents help children achieve self-regulation in the second year.
57. Describe four ways in which the parenting of parents of premature babies born at 26 weeks differs from the
parenting of children born full-term.
58. Describe five ways in which the Fussy Baby Network helps parents cope with babies' crying.
59. Describe four qualities of parents that help to maintain a secure attachment with toddlers.
60. Describe six ways in which parenting programs have been found to help expectant and new parents.
c7 Key
1. When their infants were three months of age, James McHale found that in his middle-class sample of parents,
about __________ of women and ________ percentage of men suffered from clinical levels of depressive
symptoms.
24; 13
Brooks - Chapter 07 #1
2. Dr. Harvey Karp believes newborns would benefit from an additional __________.
trimester in the womb
3. Marc Bornstein describes social caregiving as __________.

interacting/playing/soothing
4. James McHale's research, parents' prebirth negative predictions about lack of support and cooperation with
the other parent came true only when babies were __________.
irritable and fussy
5. In the first two years, according to Jean Piaget, the baby's __________ are his or her sources of knowledge.
perceptions and motor activities
6. Before the age of two, boys and girls are equally likely to show __________ behaviors but after two, boys
showed a significantly higher rate of the behavior.
aggressive
7. The term __________ refers to guidance in which parents step in to give the child support in order to achieve
the desired goal.
scaffolding
8. Attachment is defined as _________.

an enduring tie to a person who serves as a source of security
9. Fathers are most likely to engage in play and caregiving with the baby when the marriage is __________.
happy/satisfying
10. To reduce deaths from Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends
that infants should be put to sleep __________ with a ____________.
on their backs; pacifier to suck on
11. Dr. Karp believes that in the womb, babies have a powerful _________ reflex that the Cuddle Cure triggers
after birth.
calming

12. __________ was the main factor in decreasing parents' cooperative alliance in the first year of life..
Marital distress
13. A major goal of the child-rearing method known as RIE (Resources for Infant Educarers) is to provide
support so infants and toddlers ___________________.
maximize their capacity for self-regulation and purposive activity
14. Children's play is more sophisticated when they play with ____________.
mothers
15. T. Berry Brazelton and Stanley Greenspan believe parents require ____________ that supports parents'
efforts and children's growth
a community
16. Parents' imaginary play with toddlers is fun and enjoyable for them both, but has little effect on children's
later development.
FALSE
17. Toddlers cannot go beyond their own emotional reactions to help another in distress.
FALSE

18. When mothers are trained to help children elaborate and talk about events, children have richer memories of
events.
TRUE
19. In most parts of the world, infants sleep with a parent, and most toddlers sleep with or near a parent.
TRUE
20. Attachment parenting requires that mothers be at home, so it is very difficult to have employment outside
the home.
FALSE
21. Fearless children who are energetic, curious, and self-directed benefit from firm discipline with negative
consequences.
FALSE
22. Because premature babies are survivors, our culture has a positive view of them.
FALSE
23. Babies pattern their own moods on mothers' emotions.

TRUE

24. In helping parents deal with their fussy babies, the Fussy Baby Network focuses on the marital relationship
and ways of improving it so parents can work together to deal with the bay's crying.
FALSE
25. Incorporating both parents' points of view in solutions to infant care-giving leads to practices neither parent
carries out well.
FALSE
26. Parents reported in the study of care-giving in the first year that thy were satisfied with the amount of time
they had with their family.
FALSE
27. Ways of soothing crying infants differ from one society to another.
FALSE
28. To prevent potential problem behaviors, parents divert children's attention to alternative behaviors that are
approved.
TRUE
29. A New Zealand study found that more than fifty percent of children slept at least five hours at night by three
months of age.
TRUE

30. Typical parenting routines provide a rich variety of language and vocabulary for young children.
FALSE
31. The five ‘Bs' of Attachment Parenting include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. bonding.
B. bottle-feeding.
C. bed sharing.
D. baby wearing.
32. Mothers do well with their premature infants when they adopt a(an) ________________ view of their
child's future outcome.
A. realistic
B. optimistic
C. wait-and-see
D. all of the above
33. An Enhanced Visitation Program that reduced the rate of child abuse for mothers at risk for abuse involved:
A. anger management training.
B. training in parenting skills.
C. training to empower mothers.
D. training to support children's health.
34. In Florence Goodenough's study, parents of children with many temper outbursts were
A. aware of children's needs.
B. inconsistent and unpredictable in discipline.
C. firm when conflicts arose.
D. A and C

35. Dr. Karp's five-step program for helping newborns settle into their new world includes all of the following
EXCEPT
A. swaddling.
B. shushing.
C. silencing.
D. sucking.
36. A mother of a newborn worries her baby is not normal because he sleeps only twelve hours a day. What do
you tell her?
A. All newborns sleep at least eighteen hours a day.
B. Twelve hours is outside the normal range of infant sleep.
C. Twelve hours of sleep is within the normal range of infant sleep.
D. none of these
37. In the first year of a child's life, parents are in what Ellen Galinsky terms the __________ stage.
A. image making
B. nurturing
C. dependent
D. providing
38. Fussy Baby Network provides parents with

A. explanations for babies' crying.
B. direct suggestions on how parents can reduce crying.
C. support for parents so they find their own solutions to reduce crying.
D. A and C.
39. At eighteen months of age, toddlers

A. understand others have different desires from their own.
B. assume others want what they want.
C. are focused on their own needs and have little interest in what others want.
D. are focused on what others want from them.

40. A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of parenting programs for expectant and new parents found that the
programs
A. affected parents' stress levels and marital adjustment but not babies' development.
B. affected parents' care-giving behaviors but not parents' stress levels.
C. improved parents' marital adjustment but not their care-giving behaviors.
D. had positive effects on parents' care-giving behaviors and babies' development.
41. Toddlers reduce negative feelings in all of the following ways EXCEPT
A. using transitional objects.
B. looking away and soothing themselves.
C. going to bed.
D. asking parents for help.
42. Babies cry less in the first three months when

A. A. they are left alone in an infant seat.
B. B. mothers carry them about three hours a day.
C. C. parents ignore the crying.
D. D. parents talk to them from a distance.
43. By age _____________, children begin to use pronouns such as "I, me, mine" to reflect an increasing sense
of self.
A. twelve months
B. eighteen months
C. twenty-four months
D. thirty months
44. Temper outbursts peak in the second year and are most likely to occur when children are
A. distracted from play.
B. busy with play.
C. hungry and tired.
D. interacting with peers.

45. In comparison to babies whose mothers received no special guidance, irritable babies whose mothers
received suggestions for stimulating and responding to the babies
A. were more likely to have secure attachments at 12 months.
B. showed few effects of guidance when babies were twenty-four months old.
C. were less involved with peers at 24 months.
D. A and C
46. New Zealand study of sleeping patterns of infants revels that at twelve months of age
A. one-third of babies do not sleep more than five hours at night.
B. only one-third of babies sleep eight or more hours.
C. only 50 percent of babies sleep eight or more hours at night.
D. over 70 percent of babies sleep eight hours at night.
47. At six months of age babies

A. have rudimentary visual skills and see about the distance of eight to ten inches.
B. can detect differences in quantities of objects observed.
C. focus primarily on their own actions.
D. A and C
48. Empirical study of infants crying and sleeping behaviors

A. gives parents information for making choices in care-giving behaviors.
B. reveals Western forms of parenting have no advantages over attachment parenting.
C. suggests attachment parenting requires more time but reduces infants' crying and promotes their sleeping.
D. suggests attachment parenting has no advantages over Western parenting.
49. When parents of three-month-old babies were in the process of forming a coparenting alliance, they
A. were not in conflict but out of synch.
B. argued until they arrived at a compromise.
C. ignored problems as they arose.
D. each took responsibilities for certain areas of care-giving.

50. Parents can advance children's language skills in the second year if they
A. wait to see that children are paying attention to what they say.
B. wait until children ask what an object is called.
C. are clear in what they are labeling.
D. A and C
51. Thirteen- and eighteen-month-old children whose parents directed positive affirming words to them
A. came to expect only positive words.
B. used primarily positively toned words with family members.
C. ignored parents' comments.
D. A and C
52. Mothers' sensitive and supportive care-giving in infancy predicts all of the following behaviors EXCEPT
A. reduced resting levels of stress hormones.
B. positive secure attachments.
C. dependence at age two.
D. self regulation at age two.
53. Negative interactions with parents in infancy

A. are brief and last only a few seconds.
B. increase likelihood of toddler noncompliance.
C. have few effects in the toddler or later years.
D. A and C
54. In England a longitudinal study of sleeping in the first four years revealed that
A. the large majority of parents never coslept with babies.
B. the majority coslept with babies in the first three months but discontinued by twelve months.
C. one-third of parents coslept with babies in the first year but gave it up by two years of age.
D. about one-third of parents coslept with babies the entire four years.

55. When comparing the crying and sleeping patterns of babies whose parents used attachment parenting with
crying and sleeping of babies whose London parents used Western European forms of caregiving and those
babies whose parents used a Danish form of European parenting, researchers found all of the following
EXCEPT
A. babies of attachment parenting had lower levels of unsoothable crying at ten days and five weeks.
B. babies in all three groups reduced their crying by twelve weeks of age.
C. infants of London parents spent more time crying and fussing at ten days and five weeks than infants in other
two groups.
D. infants of London and Danish parents were more likely to sleep five or more hours without waking at twelve
weeks than infants of attachment parents.
56. Give four ways in which parents help children achieve self-regulation in the second year.
Answer will vary
57. Describe four ways in which the parenting of parents of premature babies born at 26 weeks differs from the
parenting of children born full-term.
Answer will vary
58. Describe five ways in which the Fussy Baby Network helps parents cope with babies' crying.
Answer will vary
59. Describe four qualities of parents that help to maintain a secure attachment with toddlers.
Answer will vary

60. Describe six ways in which parenting programs have been found to help expectant and new parents.
Answer will vary

c7 Summary
Category # of Questions
Brooks - Chapter 07 60

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Brooks Test Bank

3. Marc Bornstein describes social caregiving as __________.

8. Attachment is defined as _________.

23. Babies pattern their own moods on mothers' emotions.

38. Fussy Baby Network provides parents with

39. At eighteen months of age, toddlers

42. Babies cry less in the first three months when

47. At six months of age babies

48. Empirical study of infants crying and sleeping behaviors

53. Negative interactions with parents in infancy

3. Marc Bornstein describes social caregiving as __________.

8. Attachment is defined as _________.

Brooks - Chapter 07 #10

Brooks - Chapter 07 #11

Brooks - Chapter 07 #12

Brooks - Chapter 07 #13

Brooks - Chapter 07 #14

Brooks - Chapter 07 #15

Brooks - Chapter 07 #16

Brooks - Chapter 07 #17

Brooks - Chapter 07 #18

Brooks - Chapter 07 #19

Brooks - Chapter 07 #20

Brooks - Chapter 07 #21

Brooks - Chapter 07 #22

23. Babies pattern their own moods on mothers' emotions.

Brooks - Chapter 07 #23

Brooks - Chapter 07 #24

Brooks - Chapter 07 #25

Brooks - Chapter 07 #26

Brooks - Chapter 07 #27

Brooks - Chapter 07 #28

Brooks - Chapter 07 #29

Brooks - Chapter 07 #30

Brooks - Chapter 07 #31

Brooks - Chapter 07 #32

Brooks - Chapter 07 #33

Brooks - Chapter 07 #34

Brooks - Chapter 07 #35

Brooks - Chapter 07 #36

Brooks - Chapter 07 #37

38. Fussy Baby Network provides parents with

Brooks - Chapter 07 #38

39. At eighteen months of age, toddlers

Brooks - Chapter 07 #39

Brooks - Chapter 07 #40

Brooks - Chapter 07 #41

42. Babies cry less in the first three months when

Brooks - Chapter 07 #42

Brooks - Chapter 07 #43

Brooks - Chapter 07 #44

Brooks - Chapter 07 #45

Brooks - Chapter 07 #46

47. At six months of age babies

Brooks - Chapter 07 #47

48. Empirical study of infants crying and sleeping behaviors

Brooks - Chapter 07 #48

Brooks - Chapter 07 #49

Brooks - Chapter 07 #50

Brooks - Chapter 07 #51

Brooks - Chapter 07 #52

53. Negative interactions with parents in infancy