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Chapter 6

Linear Inequalities

6.1 Inequalities 6.1 AhaXI³ (Inequalities)

Two real numbers or two algebraic c¾m ucJpb hwJyItjubn ,
expressions related by the symbol <, >, ≤ or ≥ _pPKWoX enIyºtjubn <, >, ≤, ≥ FÁp
form an inequality. No.ºjq]ubnKo»m _átÃSq¿obn² Hcq AhaX
cr]tÃSqÁq. DZnicW¿o\m,
 
For example, 40x + 20y < 120 
 40x + 20y < 120 

3<5 3<5
 
are inequalities. FÁoe AhaXIjnWm
x≥3 
 x≥3 

3<x<5 3<x<5
 

Algebraic Solutions of Linear Inequalities Hcq NcaqÉ ucJpb AhaXIjqtS _pPKWoX

in One Variable and their Graphical ]coinceqw AebqtS }Kn^qIjqw
Representation
Hcq AhaXbqtS ]coincw I¾q]oSo·qÁXo\m
The following rules for solving an inequality: NqetS \²Ioboco·qÁ Nod ehmXqXI³
D]ubnKo·nw:
1. Equal numbers may be added to (or
subtracted from) both sides of an inequality 1. Hcq AhaXbqtS CcqefºujnSqw Huc hwJy
without affecting the sign of inequality. Ir½qIubn Ccqefºjo² \oÁqw Huc hwJy
Iqlbm·qIubn tNbmXn² AhaX·m anÊw
2. Both sides of an inequality can be multiplied
D¾nIoÈ.
(or divided) by the same positive number.
2. Hcq A[ohwJytIn¾m Ccqefºjodqw
3. When both sides are multiplied or divided
KqWo»ndqw ico»ndqw AhaX·m
by a negative number, then the sign of
anÊaq¾nIoÈ.
inequality is reversed.
3. Hcq \yr\hwJytIn¾m Ccqefºjodqw
KqWo·qIubn ico·qIubn tNbmXn²
AhaX eo]cpXanIqÁq

Example 6.1 DZnicWw 6.1

Solve 30x < 200 when 30x < 200 FÁ AhaXbqtS ]coincw InWqI .
(i) x is a natural number, (i) x Hcq FB²hwJy,
(ii) x is an integer. (ii) x Hcq ]r±BhwJy.
Solution: ]coincw:

30x < 200 30x < 200

30x 200 30x 200
< <
30 30 30 30
1
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Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities

200 200
x< x<
30 30
20 20
x< x<
3 3
x < 6.67 x < 6.67

(i) When x is a natural number,the values of x (i) x Hcq FB² hwJybnbn² 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. FÁp eodI³·m AhaX fcobnIqÁq .
(ii) When x is an integer, the solutions of the (ii) x Hcq ]r±B hwJybnbn²
given inequality are ..., −3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
..., −3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 FÁp eodI³ ]coincanIqÁq.

Example 6.2 DZnicWw 6.2

Solve 3x + 8 > 2, when 3x + 8 > 2 FÁ AhaXbqtS ]coincw InWqI .

(i) x is an integer., (i) x Hcq ]r±BhwJy,
(ii) x is a real number. (ii) x Hcq ucJpbhwJy.
Solution: ]coincw:

3x + 8 > 2 3x + 8 > 2
3x + 8 − 8 > 2 − 8 3x + 8 − 8 > 2 − 8
3x > −6 3x > −6
3x −6 3x −6
> >
3 3 3 3
x > −2 x > −2

(i) When x is an integer, the solutions of the (i) x Hcq ]r±B hwJybnbn²
given inequality are −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ...
−1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, .... FÁp eodI³ AhaX·m ]coincanIqÁq .
(ii) When x is a real number, all real numbers (ii) x Hcq ucJpb hwJybnIquÄn³ ]coincw
which are greater than or equal to −2 are (−2, ∞) FÁ CSuejbnboco·qw.
the solutions. i.e., x ∈ (−2, ∞)

Example 6.3 DZnicWw 6.3

Solve 4x + 3 < 6x + 7 4x+3 < 6x+7 FÁ AhaXbqtS ]coincw InWqI .

Solution: ]coincw:

4x + 3 < 6x + 7 4x + 3 < 6x + 7
4x − 6x < 6x + 4 − 6x 4x − 6x < 6x + 4 − 6x
−2x < 4 −2x < 4
−2x 4 −2x 4
> >
−2 −2 −2 −2
x > –2 x > –2

i.e., all the real numbers which are greater than −2, ]coincKWw: (−2, ∞)
are solutions. Hence, the solution set is (−2, ∞).

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Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities

Example 6.4 DZnicWw 6.4

Solve 7x + 3 < 5x + 9. Show the graph of the 7x + 3 < 5x + 9 FÁ AhaXbqtS ]coincw

solutions on number line. InWqI. IrSntX ]coincw hwJynucJbo²
ASbnjtÃSq¿qI.
Solution:
]coincw:
7x + 3 < 5x + 9
7x + 3 − 5x < 5x + 9 − 5x 7x + 3 < 5x + 9
7x − 5x < 9 − 3 7x + 3 − 5x < 5x + 9 − 5x
2x < 6 7x − 5x < 9 − 3
x<3 2x < 6
x<3
The solution set is (−∞, 3).
The graphical representation of the solutions are ]coincKWw: (−∞, 3)
given in the following figure. ]coincw }Kn^m cr]¿o² NqetS uN±·qÁq .

Example 6.5 DZnicWw 6.5

3x − 4 x+1 3x − 4 x+1
Solve ≥ − 1. Show the graph of the ≥ − 1 FÁ AhaXbqtS ]coincw
2 4 2 4
solutions on number line. InWqI. IrSntX ]coincw hwJynucJbo²
ASbnjtÃSq¿qI.
Solution:
]coincw:
3x − 4 x+1
≥ −1 3x − 4 x+1
2 4 ≥ −1
3x − 4 x−3 2 4
≥ 3x − 4 x−3
2 4 ≥
4(3x − 4) ≥ 2(x − 3) 2 4
12x − 16 ≥ 2x − 6 4(3x − 4) ≥ 2(x − 3)
10x ≥ 10 12x − 16 ≥ 2x − 6
x≥1 10x ≥ 10
x≥1
The solution set is [1, ∞).
The graphical representation of the solutions are ]coincKWw: [1, ∞)
given in the following figure. ]coincw }Kn^m cr]¿o² NqetS uN±·qÁq .

Example 6.6 DZnicWw 6.6

3(x − 2) 5(2 − x) 3(x − 2) 5(2 − x)

Solve ≤ . Show the graph of the ≤ FÁ AhaXbqtS ]coincw
5 3 5 3
solutions on number line. InWqI. IrSntX ]coincw hwJynucJbo²
ASbnjtÃSq¿qI.

GVHSS KADAPPURAM 3
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Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities

Solution: ]coincw:
3(x − 2) 5(2 − x) 3(x − 2) 5(2 − x)
≤ ≤
5 3 5 3
3 × 3(x − 2)) ≤ 5 × 5(2 − x) 3 × 3(x − 2)) ≤ 5 × 5(2 − x)
9(x − 2)) ≤ 25(2 − x) 9(x − 2)) ≤ 25(2 − x)
9x − 18 ≤ 50 − 25x 9x − 18 ≤ 50 − 25x
9x + 25x ≤ 50 + 18 9x + 25x ≤ 50 + 18
34x ≤ 68 34x ≤ 68
68 68
x≤ x≤
34 34
x≤2 x≤2

The solution set is (−∞, 2]. ]coincKWw: (−∞, 2]

The graphical representation of the solutions are ]coincw }Kn^m cr]¿o² NqetS uN±·qÁq .
given in the following figure.

Example 6.7 DZnicWw 6.7

x 5x − 2 7x − 3 x 5x − 2 7x − 3
Solve the inequality ≥ − . ≥ − FÁ C°CI|ndoÊo uhn³em
2 3 5 2 3 5
tNÇqI.
Solution: ]coincw:
x 5x − 2 7x − 3 x 5x − 2 7x − 3
≥ − ≥ −
2 3 5 2 3 5
x 5(5x − 2) − 3(7x − 3) x 5(5x − 2) − 3(7x − 3)
≥ ≥
2 3×5 2 3×5
x (25x − 10) − (21x − 9) x (25x − 10) − (21x − 9)
≥ ≥
2 15 2 15
x 25x − 21x − 10 + 9 x 25x − 21x − 10 + 9
≥ ≥
2 15 2 15
x 4x − 1 x 4x − 1
≥ ≥
2 15 2 15
15 × x ≥ 2 × (4x − 1) 15 × x ≥ 2 × (4x − 1)
15x ≥ 8x − 2 15x ≥ 8x − 2
15x − 8x ≥ −2 15x − 8x ≥ −2
7x ≥ −2 7x ≥ −2
−2 −2
x≥ x≥
7 7

Example 6.8 DZnicWw 6.8

2x − 1 3x − 2 2−x 2x − 1 3x − 2 2−x
Solve the inequality ≥ − . ≥ − FÁ C°CI|ndoÊobqtS
3 4 5 3 4 5
Represent the solutions on number line. ]coincw InWqI. IrSntX ]coincw

GVHSS KADAPPURAM 4
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Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities

hwJynucJbo² ASbnjtÃSq¿qI.
Solution: ]coincw:
2x − 1 3x − 2 2 − x 2x − 1 3x − 2 2 − x
≥ − ≥ −
3 4 5 3 4 5
2x − 1 5(3x − 2) − 4(2 − x) 2x − 1 5(3x − 2) − 4(2 − x)
≥ ≥
3 4×5 3 4×5
2x − 1 (15x − 10) − (8 − 4x) 2x − 1 (15x − 10) − (8 − 4x)
≥ ≥
3 20 3 20
2x − 1 15x + 4x − 10 − 8 2x − 1 15x + 4x − 10 − 8
≥ ≥
3 20 3 20
2x − 1 19x − 18 2x − 1 19x − 18
≥ ≥
3 20 3 20
20 × (2x − 1) ≥ 3 × (19x − 18) 20 × (2x − 1) ≥ 3 × (19x − 18)
40x − 20 ≥ 57x − 54 40x − 20 ≥ 57x − 54
40x − 57x ≥ −54 + 20 40x − 57x ≥ −54 + 20
−17x ≥ −34 −17x ≥ −34
17x ≤ 34 17x ≤ 34
(inequality reversed when multiplied (\yr\hwJytIn¾m Ccqefºjodqw
both sides by negative sign.) KqWo·quÄn³ C°CI|ndoÊo eo]cpXanIqÁq.)
34 34
x≤ x≤
17 17
x≤2 x≤2

The solution set is (−∞, 2]. ]coincKWw: (−∞, 2]

The graphical representation of the solutions are ]coincw }Kn^m cr]¿o² NqetS uN±·qÁq .
given in the following figure.

Example 6.9 DZnicWw 6.9

The interval representing the solution of the GXm C±te² BWm 3x − 1 ≥ 5, x ∈ R FÁ

inequality 3x − 1 ≥ 5, x ∈ R is ........... AhaXbqtS \o±ªncW ardyt¿ hrNoÃo·qÁXm .
(a) [5, ∞) (b) [2, ∞) (c) [3, ∞) (d) (−∞, ∞) (a) [5, ∞) (b) [2, ∞) (c) [3, ∞) (d) (−∞, ∞)
Solution: ]coincw:

3x − 1 ≥ 5 3x − 1 ≥ 5
3x ≥ 5 + 1 = 6 3x ≥ 5 + 1 = 6
6 6
x≥ x≥
3 3
x≥2 x≥2

The solution interval is [2, ∞) ]coincKWw: [2, ∞)

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Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities

Example 6.10 DZnicWw 6.10

Represent the inequality x > −3 on a number x > −3 FÁ C°CI|ndoÊotb hwJynucJbo²

line. ASbnjtÃSq¿qI.
Solution: ]coincw:

Example 6.11 DZnicWw 6.11

x x x x
Solve the inequality > + 1. > + 1 FÁ AhaX \o±ªcWw tNÇqI .
3 2 3 2
Solution: ]coincw:
x x x x
> +1 > +1
3 2 3 2
x x + (2 × 1) x x + (2 × 1)
> >
3 2 3 2
x x+2 x x+2
> >
3 2 3 2
2 × x > 3 × (x + 2) 2 × x > 3 × (x + 2)
2x > 3x + 6 2x > 3x + 6
2x − 3x > 6 2x − 3x > 6
−x > 6 −x > 6
x < −6 x < −6
(inequality reversed when multiplied (\yr\hwJytIn¾m Ccqefºjodqw
both sides by negative sign.) KqWo·quÄn³ C°CI|ndoÊo eo]cpXanIqÁq.)

Example 6.12 DZnicWw 6.12

2x + 3 2x + 3
Solve the inequality 1 ≤ ≤4 1≤ ≤ 4 FÁ AhaX \o±ªcWw tNÇqI .
5 5
Solution: ]coincw:
2x + 3 2x + 3
1≤ ≤4 1≤ ≤4
5 5
2x + 3 2x + 3
5×1≤5× ≤5×4 5×1≤5× ≤5×4
5 5
5 ≤ 2x + 3 ≤ 20 5 ≤ 2x + 3 ≤ 20
5 − 3 ≤ 2x + 3 − 3 ≤ 20 − 3 5 − 3 ≤ 2x + 3 − 3 ≤ 20 − 3
2 ≤ 2x ≤ 17 2 ≤ 2x ≤ 17
2 2x 17 2 2x 17
≤ ≤ ≤ ≤
2 2 2 2 2 2
17 17
1≤x≤ 1≤x≤
2 2
 
17
 
17 ]coincKWw: 1,
The solution set is 1, 2
2

GVHSS KADAPPURAM 6