MICROPLASTICS
OBJECTIVES REFERENCES
1. To identify and Reference: Napper, I. E., &
characterize the Thompson, R. C. (2016).
types of Release of synthetic
microplastics microplastic plastic fibres from
present in the domestic washing machines:
coastal area of Effects of fabric type and
Pamintayan, Buug washing conditions. Marine
Zamboanga Pollution Bulletin, 112(1-2), 39-
Sibugay. 45.
Reference: Browne, M. A.,
Crump, P., Niven, S. J.,
Teuten, E., Tonkin, A.,
Galloway, T., & Thompson, R.
(2011). Accumulation of
microplastic on shorelines
worldwide: Sources and sinks.
Environmental Science &
Technology, 45(21), 9175-9179
2. To assess the Ziajahromi, S., Neale, P. A.,
level of Rintoul, L., & Leusch, F.
microplastics (2017). Association of
contamination in microplastics with
coastal area of macrozooplankton in the open
Pamintayan, Buug ocean. Marine Pollution
Zamboanga Sibugay Bulletin, 115(1-2), 247-256.
Bläsing, M., Bergmann, M.,
Aichner, S., Walz, D., Simon,
H., Brümmer, F., ... & Thiel, M.
(2022). Microplastic pollution in
RRS
RESULTS
Napper and Thompson's study investigated the
release of synthetic microplastic fibers from
washing machines, highlighting that washing
garments made from synthetic materials, such
as polyester, acrylic, and polypropylene, and
using shorter wash cycles and lower water
volumes, significantly increased microfiber
shedding into wastewater.
Browne et al.'s study found that microplastics,
originating from diverse sources, accumulate
on shorelines globally, underscoring coastal
areas as significant sinks for these pollutants
from both terrestrial and marine origins.
The study discovered that microplastics,
primarily polyethylene (PE), polypropylene
(PP), and polystyrene (PS), were consistently
present in macrozooplankton samples collected
from the open ocean, with a prevalence of
fibers, fragments, and pellets, and higher
concentrations in surface waters, indicating
surface ocean accumulation.
The study revealed the extensive presence of
microplastic pollution in the Baltic Sea's coastal
areas, predominantly comprised of
polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and
DISCUSSION
This study's findings emphasize the significance of
domestic washing machines as a source of synthetic
microfiber pollution in coastal areas, shedding light on
the factors influencing their release and the
importance of understanding this relationship to
develop effective mitigation strategies.
This study offers a comprehensive view of
microplastics in coastal areas, highlighting their
diverse origins and accumulation patterns on
shorelines, emphasizing the need to understand
these dynamics for effective mitigation strategies and
ecosystem protection.
The study's results indicate that microplastics are a
prevalent issue in the open ocean, potentially
entering the marine food chain, with a higher
accumulation at the ocean's surface, raising concerns
about ingestion by surface-dwelling marine
organisms.
The study's results indicate a significant issue of
microplastic pollution in the Baltic Sea's coastal
environment, posing concerns for its entry into the
food chain and potential harm to marine life, with
 the coastal environment of the
Baltic Sea: Spatial distribution,
composition and surface
properties. Marine Pollution
Bulletin, 181, 113731.
3. To investigate the GESAMP (2021). Guidelines
potential sources, for the monitoring and
pathways and assessment of plastics litter in
distribution of the ocean. GESAMP Reports
microplastics in and Studies, 101
coastal area of
Pamintayan, Buug
Zamboanga
Sibugay. Ziajahromi, S., Neale, P. A.,
Rintoul, L., & Leusch, F.
(2017). Association of
microplastics with
macrozooplankton in the open
ocean. Marine Pollution
Bulletin, 115(1-2), 247-256.
Lamb, J. B., Willis, B. L.,
4. To evaluate the Fiorenza, E. A., Couch, C. S.,
potential risks of Collier, R., Skeat, A., ... &
microplastics on Smith, I. J. (2018). Plastic
local marine pollution in marine ecosystems:
ecosystems; in coral An emerging threat to coral
reefs and reefs. Marine Pollution Bulletin,
mangroves. 132, 546-553.
Tan, S. Y. W., Ibrahim, N. Z., &
Zakaria-Ismail, M. (2020).
Microplastics in coral reefs and
mangroves: A review. Marine
Pollution Bulletin, 155, 111085.
polystyrene (PS) fragments, with higher
concentrations in regions characterized by
significant human activity, including harbors
and beaches.
The report offers a comprehensive overview of
the sources, pathways, and distribution of
ocean microplastics, highlighting contributions
from land-based sources like wastewater
treatment and marine-based sources such as
the breakdown of fishing nets, with their
distribution influenced by ocean currents and
waves.
The study demonstrated that microplastics,
primarily polyethylene (PE), polypropylene
(PP), and polystyrene (PS) fibers, fragments,
and pellets, were consistently present in open
ocean macrozooplankton samples, with higher
concentrations in surface waters, implying
surface ocean accumulation.
The study underscores that plastic pollution
poses a significant threat to coral reefs, as
microplastics can harm coral polyps both
through ingestion of toxins and physical
entanglement, hindering their growth and
overall health.
The study reveals the widespread presence of
microplastics, mainly polyethylene (PE),
polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS), in
both coral reefs and mangroves, and
emphasizes the detrimental effects on marine
organisms, including ingestion, absorption of
toxins, and physical damage to these
ecosystems.
human activity being a substantial source of this
pollution.
The report's findings suggest that microplastic
pollution is a global problem. The report also
highlights the need for more research on the sources,
pathways, and distribution of microplastics in the
ocean.
The study's results indicate that microplastics are a
pervasive issue in the open ocean, potentially
entering the marine food chain, with a higher
accumulation at the ocean's surface, raising concerns
about ingestion by surface-dwelling marine
organisms.
The study indicates that microplastic pollution
compounds the existing threats to coral reefs,
including climate change and overfishing, rendering
them more vulnerable, and underscores the necessity
for further research to comprehend the specific
impacts on coral polyps and overall reef ecosystems.
The study underscores that microplastic pollution
poses a significant threat to the vital ecosystems of
coral reefs and mangroves, reducing their resilience
to other stressors like climate change and overfishing,
and emphasizes the imperative for further research to
grasp the comprehensive impacts on marine
organisms and these ecosystems.