Race and Ethnicity in The United States 8th Edition Schaefer Test Bank

You might also like

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 20

Race and Ethnicity in the United States

8th Edition Schaefer Test Bank


Visit to download the full and correct content document: https://testbankdeal.com/dow
nload/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-states-8th-edition-schaefer-test-bank/
Schaefer, Race and Ethnicity in the United States, 8/e, Test Bank

Chapter 4 – Immigration

Multiple Choice Questions

1. ________ is a push factor responsible for immigration.


a. Economic progress
b. Xenophobia
c. Religious persecution
d. Political stability

Answer: c

Question Title: TB_04_01_Patterns of Immigration to the United States_Remember_LO 4.1


Learning Objective: 4.1: Summarize the general patterns of immigration to the United States.
Topic: Patterns of Immigration to the United States
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
Difficulty: 1 – Easy

2. One general pattern of immigration to the United States over time is that ________.
a. the number of immigrants has remained steady over the years
b. the immigrants have spread themselves throughout the country
c. the policies of the United States have always encouraged immigration
d. the source countries of immigrants have changed

Answer: d

Question Title: TB_04_02_Patterns of Immigration to the United States_Remember_LO 4.1


Learning Objective: 4.1: Summarize the general patterns of immigration to the United States.
Topic: Patterns of Immigration to the United States
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
Difficulty: 1 – Easy

3. The majority of foreign-born people living in the United States today are from ________.
a. northern Europe
b. Africa
c. Latin America
d. Asia

Answer: c

Question Title: TB_04_03_Patterns of Immigration to the United States_Remember_LO 4.1


Learning Objective: 4.1: Summarize the general patterns of immigration to the United States.
Topic: Patterns of Immigration to the United States
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
Difficulty: 1 – Easy

4. The fear or hatred of strangers is known as ________.

Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Schaefer, Race and Ethnicity in the United States, 8/e, Test Bank

a. ethnocentrism
b. nativism
c. xenophobia
d. agoraphobia

Answer: c

Question Title: TB_04_04_Early Immigration_Remember_LO 4.2


Learning Objective: 4.2: Characterize how immigration was controlled in the nineteenth century.
Topic: Early Immigration
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
Difficulty: 1 – Easy

5. Fearing the domination of the immigrant groups in the country, the government of Cambria
introduces policies that favor local citizens over the immigrants. These policies are an example
of ________.
a. racism
b. nativism
c. globalism
d. pluralism

Answer: b

Question Title: TB_04_05_Early Immigration_Apply_LO 4.2


Learning Objective: 4.2: Characterize how immigration was controlled in the nineteenth century.
Topic: Early Immigration
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
Difficulty: 2 – Moderate

6. Conflict theorists studying the immigration policies adopted by America state that ________.
a. immigration restrictions were evenly applied to people from all countries
b. labor market fear was the only factor that influenced the immigration policies
c. Chinese immigrants were welcomed only when their labor was required
d. naturalization rights were denied only to people from European countries

Answer: c

Question Title: TB_04_06_Early Immigration_Remember_LO 4.2


Learning Objective: 4.2: Characterize how immigration was controlled in the nineteenth century.
Topic: Early Immigration
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
Difficulty: 1 – Easy

7. The most critical issue in the anti-Chinese movement of the late nineteenth century was
________.
a. labor market competition
b. race

Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Schaefer, Race and Ethnicity in the United States, 8/e, Test Bank

c. brain drain
d. land rights

Answer: b

Question Title: TB_04_07_Early Immigration_Remember_LO 4.2


Learning Objective: 4.2: Characterize how immigration was controlled in the nineteenth century.
Topic: Early Immigration
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
Difficulty: 1 – Easy

8. Sinophobes are people with a ________.


a. tendency to stereotype ethnic minorities
b. fear of Black people
c. fear of anything associated with China
d. desire to Christianize slaves

Answer: c

Question Title: TB_04_08_Early Immigration_Remember_LO 4.2


Learning Objective: 4.2: Characterize how immigration was controlled in the nineteenth century.
Topic: Early Immigration
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
Difficulty: 1 – Easy

9. Which of the following is true of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882?


a. It faced strong opposition in the Congress.
b. It permitted only laborers to enter the United States.
c. It gave naturalization rights to Chinese immigrants living in the United States.
d. It allowed brief visits of Chinese merchants, tourists, and government officials.

Answer: d

Question Title: TB_04_09_Early Immigration_Understand_LO 4.2


Learning Objective: 4.2: Characterize how immigration was controlled in the nineteenth century.
Topic: Early Immigration
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty: 2 – Moderate

10. A conflict theorist analyzing the immigration policies followed by America is likely to
believe that ________.
a. immigration restrictions were not applied evenly
b. immigrants from all countries were welcomed
c. labor market fear was the only factor that shaped immigration policies
d. naturalization rights were denied to immigrants from all countries

Answer: a

Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Schaefer, Race and Ethnicity in the United States, 8/e, Test Bank

Question Title: TB_04_10_Early Immigration_Analyze_LO 4.2


Learning Objective: 4.2: Characterize how immigration was controlled in the nineteenth century.
Topic: Early Immigration
Skill Level: Analyze It
Difficulty: 3 – Difficult

11. Who among the following is a sinophobe?


a. Edward is biased against the Chinese to the extent that he fears and despises anything
associated with China.
b. Mary hates everything associated with motion pictures or cinema.
c. Anu has a deep-rooted fear of snakes ever since she watched the movie Anaconda as a child.
d. Carlos has high distrust for dominant group members in his society because of their
discriminatory behavior toward minority people.

Answer: a

Question Title: TB_04_11_Early Immigration_Apply_LO 4.2


Learning Objective: 4.2: Characterize how immigration was controlled in the nineteenth century.
Topic: Early Immigration
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
Difficulty: 2 – Moderate

12. During the World War II, Azami, a woman who lost her entire family, developed a strong
hatred toward foreigners. In this context, Azami has ________.
a. transphobia
b. xenophobia
c. ergophobia
d. brontophobia

Answer: b

Question Title: TB_04_12_Early Immigration_Apply_LO 4.2


Learning Objective: 4.2: Characterize how immigration was controlled in the nineteenth century.
Topic: Early Immigration
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
Difficulty: 2 – Moderate

13. Under the national origin system, which of the following countries continued to enjoy
unrestricted immigration to the United States?
a. Southern Europe
b. Asia
c. South America
d. India

Answer: c

Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Schaefer, Race and Ethnicity in the United States, 8/e, Test Bank

Question Title: TB_04_13_Restrictionist Sentiment Increases_Remember_LO 4.3


Learning Objective: 4.3: Describe how restrictionist sentiment increased in the twentieth century.
Topic: Restrictionist Sentiment Increases
Skill Level: Remember the facts
Difficulty: 1 – Easy

14. Which of the following was the outcome of the gentlemen’s agreement completed in 1908?
a. Japan agreed to halt further immigration to the United States.
b. Japan agreed to the deportation of Japanese immigrants living in the United States.
c. The United States agreed to end discrimination against the Chinese already living in the
United States.
d. The United States agreed to lift the restrictions imposed on Chinese immigration.

Answer: a

Question Title: TB_04_14_Restrictionist Sentiment Increases_Understand_LO 4.3


Learning Objective: 4.3: Describe how restrictionist sentiment increased in the twentieth century.
Topic: Restrictionist Sentiment Increases
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty: 2 – Moderate

15. In the 1920s, the United States instituted a national origin system of immigration based on
quotas. Under this system, 70 percent of the quota for the Eastern hemisphere went to three
countries: Great Britain, Germany, and ________.
a. Italy
b. China
c. Ireland
d. India

Answer: c

Question Title: TB_04_15_Restrictionist Sentiment Increases_Remember_LO 4.3


Learning Objective: 4.3: Describe how restrictionist sentiment increased in the twentieth century.
Topic: Restrictionist Sentiment Increases
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
Difficulty: 1 – Easy

16. One of the primary goals of the 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act was to ________.
a. strengthen the national origin system of immigration
b. reunite immigrant families
c. end transatlantic immigration
d. promote free trade

Answer: b

Question Title: TB_04_16_Restrictionist Sentiment Increases_Understand_LO 4.3


Learning Objective: 4.3: Describe how restrictionist sentiment increased in the twentieth century.

Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Schaefer, Race and Ethnicity in the United States, 8/e, Test Bank

Topic: Restrictionist Sentiment Increases


Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty: 2 – Moderate

17. The influence of the 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act passed in the United States was
primarily on the composition rather than the size of immigration. Which of the following was an
outcome of this act?
a. change in the sources of immigration
b. uniform immigration laws
c. simpler immigration procedures
d. easy entry for refugees into the United States

Answer: a

Question Title: TB_04_17_Restrictionist Sentiment Increases_Analyze_LO 4.3


Learning Objective: 4.3: Describe how restrictionist sentiment increased in the twentieth century.
Topic: Restrictionist Sentiment Increases
Skill Level: Analyze It
Difficulty: 3 – Difficult

18. The citizens of Hanivale prefer to migrate to the neighboring country of East Argan due to
the availability of high-paying jobs and higher standards of living in that country. This creates a
shortage of skilled workers and technical expertise in Hanivale. Which of the following problems
associated with migration is shown in the given scenario?
a. population explosion
b. brain drain
c. deportation
d. ethnic cleansing

Answer: b

Question Title: TB_04_18_Contemporary Social Concerns_Apply_LO 4.4


Learning Objective: 4.4: Identify the concerns about immigration policy today.
Topic: Contemporary Social Concerns
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
Difficulty: 2 – Moderate

19. The majority of foreign students receiving their doctorates in the sciences and engineering in the
United States ________.
a. choose to remain in the country four years later
b. return to their home country within four years
c. find higher education in the United States affordable
d. find it difficult to obtain successful employment

Answer: a

Question Title: TB_04_19_Contemporary Social Concerns_Understand_LO 4.4

Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Schaefer, Race and Ethnicity in the United States, 8/e, Test Bank

Learning Objective: 4.4: Identify the concerns about immigration policy today.
Topic: Contemporary Social Concerns
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty: 2 – Moderate

20. The use of two or more languages in places of work or educational facilities, according each
language equal legitimacy is called ________.
a. multilingualism
b. lingualumina
c. linguistic relativity
d. bilingualism

Answer: d

Question Title: TB_04_20_Contemporary Social Concerns_Remember_LO 4.4


Learning Objective: 4.4: Identify the concerns about immigration policy today.
Topic: Contemporary Social Concerns
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
Difficulty: 1 – Easy

21. A major merit of providing bilingual education is that ________.


a. it improves the analytical ability of students
b. it makes students familiar with the language used by the dominant society
c. it helps students learn an additional subject
d. it makes students learn about two cultures, thus reducing the racial practices followed in
society

Answer: b

Question Title: TB_04_21_Contemporary Social Concerns_Understand_LO 4.4


Learning Objective: 4.4: Identify the concerns about immigration policy today.
Topic: Contemporary Social Concerns
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty: 2 – Moderate

22. Families in which one or more members are citizens and one or more are noncitizens are
referred to as ________.
a. illegal immigrants
b. mixed-status families
c. blended families
d. asylees

Answer: b

Question Title: TB_04_22_Contemporary Social Concerns_Remember_LO 4.4


Learning Objective: 4.4: Identify the concerns about immigration policy today.
Topic: Contemporary Social Concerns

Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Schaefer, Race and Ethnicity in the United States, 8/e, Test Bank

Skill Level: Remember the Facts


Difficulty: 1 – Easy

23. The monies that immigrants return to their country of origin are called ________.
a. reimbursements
b. disbursements
c. remittances
d. quittances

Answer: c

Question Title: TB_04_23_Contemporary Social Concerns_Remember_LO 4.4


Learning Objective: 4.4: Identify the concerns about immigration policy today.
Topic: Contemporary Social Concerns
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
Difficulty: 1 – Easy

24. Ivan and his friend Edwin are discussing the status of immigrants in the American society.
Ivan feels that immigrants do not effectively adapt themselves to American culture, while Edwin
feels that most immigrants have adjusted very well. Which of the following accurate statements
supports Edwin’s argument?
a. Second generation immigrants have very low divorce rates.
b. Immigrant families receive several advantages through public assistance programs.
c. Second generation immigrants do well in educational attainment.
d. Immigrant children attend schools that are disproportionately attended by other school
children.

Answer: c

Question Title: TB_04_24_Contemporary Social Concerns_Analyze_LO 4.4


Learning Objective: 4.4: Identify the concerns about immigration policy today.
Topic: Contemporary Social Concerns
Skill Level: Analyze It
Difficulty: 3 – Difficult

25. Amit, a software engineer of foreign origin, goes to the United States to pursue higher
education. He chooses to settle in the United States because of the availability of lucrative job
opportunities rather than returning to his home country. Which of the following problems
associated with immigration is shown in the given example?
a. brain drain
b. chain immigration
c. marginalization
d. nativism

Answer: a

Question Title: TB_04_25_Contemporary Social Concerns_Apply_LO 4.4

Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Schaefer, Race and Ethnicity in the United States, 8/e, Test Bank

Learning Objective: 4.4: Identify the concerns about immigration policy today.
Topic: Contemporary Social Concerns
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
Difficulty: 2 – Moderate

26. In the context of illegal immigration in the United States, conflict theorists are likely to
believe that ________.
a. greater surveillance at the borders is the best way to control illegal immigration
b. illegal immigrants are lodged at the bottom of the nation’s social and economic hierarchies
c. employers hire these immigrants, pay low wages, and produce goods and services that are
affordable to consumers
d. illegal or undocumented workers are often transient

Answer: b

Question Title: TB_04_26_Illegal Immigration_Analyze_LO 4.5


Learning Objective: 4.5: Discuss the scope of and issues related to illegal immigration.
Topic: Illegal Immigration
Skill Level: Analyze It
Difficulty: 3 – Difficult

27. The objective of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 was to ________.
a. grant citizenship to all illegal immigrants living in the United States
b. make it illegal for employers to hire illegal immigrants
c. set nationality quotas for illegal immigrants
d. focus on regulating taxes paid by immigrants

Answer: b

Question Title: TB_04_27_Illegal Immigration_Remember_LO 4.5


Learning Objective: 4.5: Discuss the scope of and issues related to illegal immigration.
Topic: Illegal Immigration
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
Difficulty: 1 – Easy

28. Which of the following resulted from the passage of the Immigration Reform and Control
Act of 1986?
a. Amnesty was granted to illegal immigrants who could document long-term residency in
America.
b. Employers were allowed to hire illegal immigrants for low-paying and physically demanding
jobs.
c. Nationality quotas were set for illegal immigration.
d. Chinese immigration to the United States was effectively ended.

Answer: a

Question Title: TB_04_28_Illegal Immigration_Remember_LO 4.5

Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Schaefer, Race and Ethnicity in the United States, 8/e, Test Bank

Learning Objective: 4.5: Discuss the scope of and issues related to illegal immigration.
Topic: Illegal Immigration
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
Difficulty: 1 – Easy

29. The Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act ensured that ________.
a. legal immigrants can have access to Social Security benefits as long as their income is taxed
b. illegal immigration is officially tolerated since the United States needs laborers
c. illegal immigrants can legally seek welfare to supplement low wages
d. border surveillance was increased to check illegal immigration into the United States

Answer: d

Question Title: TB_04_29_Illegal Immigration_Remember_LO 4.5


Learning Objective: 4.5: Discuss the scope of and issues related to illegal immigration.
Topic: Illegal Immigration
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
Difficulty: 1 – Easy

30. From the ________ perspective, by paying low wages to illegal immigrants, employers are
able to produce goods and services that are profitable for industry and affordable to consumers.
a. conflict
b. labeling
c. pluralist
d. functionalist

Answer: d

Question Title: TB_04_30_Illegal Immigration_Understand_LO 4.5


Learning Objective: 4.5: Discuss the scope of and issues related to illegal immigration.
Topic: Illegal Immigration
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty: 2 – Moderate

31. Despite the poor working conditions often experienced by illegal immigrants in the United
States, they continue to migrate. Which of the following is a reason for this?
a. The welfare benefits more than make up for the low wages.
b. They are unable to find wage labor in their home countries.
c. They are accorded a high social status in the United States.
d. The Fourteenth Amendment guarantees citizenship to these immigrants.

Answer: b

Question Title: TB_04_31_Illegal Immigration_Analyze_LO 4.5


Learning Objective: 4.5: Discuss the scope of and issues related to illegal immigration.
Topic: Illegal Immigration
Skill Level: Analyze It

Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Schaefer, Race and Ethnicity in the United States, 8/e, Test Bank

Difficulty: 3 – Difficult

32. Which of the following was an outcome of the 1996 Illegal Immigration Reform and
Immigrant Responsibility Act?
a. Immigrants became ineligible to apply for permanent citizenship in the United States.
b. Border control and surveillance were reduced in the United States.
c. Illegal immigrants seeking benefits of welfare schemes were subjected to increased scrutiny.
d. Social conditions of unemployed legal immigrants improved.

Answer: c

Question Title: TB_04_32_Illegal Immigration_Analyze_LO 4.5


Learning Objective: 4.5: Discuss the scope of and issues related to illegal immigration.
Topic: Illegal Immigration
Skill Level: Analyze It
Difficulty: 3 – Difficult

33. The process of legally conferring U.S. citizenship on a foreigner, subject to certain
conditions, is called ________.
a. naturalization
b. legitimation
c. assimilation
d. normalization

Answer: a

Question Title: TB_04_33_Path to Citizenship: Naturalization_Remember_LO 4.6


Learning Objective: 4.6: Outline the process of naturalization.
Topic: Path to Citizenship: Naturalization
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
Difficulty: 1 – Easy

34. Immigrants who sustain multiple social relationships that link their societies of origin and
settlement are known as ________.
a. transnationals
b. refugees
c. asylees
d. sinophobes

Answer: a

Question Title: TB_04_34_The Global Economy and Immigration_Remember_LO 4.8


Learning Objective: 4.8: Illustrate the relationship of globalization with respect to immigrants.
Topic: The Global Economy and Immigration
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
Difficulty: 1 – Easy

Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Schaefer, Race and Ethnicity in the United States, 8/e, Test Bank

35. Mike, a sociologist, is of the view that the presence of transnationals is an example of
pluralism. Which of the following statements strengthens Mike’s opinion?
a. Different generations of the same family will find themselves residing in different countries.
b. Foreign aid programs result in an increased rate of immigration.
c. The flow of remittances slows down with increasing presence of transnationals.
d. Social relationships become restricted to a few people within a family.

Answer: a

Question Title: TB_04_35_The Global Economy and Immigration_Analyze_LO 4.8


Learning Objective: 4.8: Illustrate the relationship of globalization with respect to immigrants.
Topic: The Global Economy and Immigration
Skill Level: Analyze It
Difficulty: 3 – Difficult

36. Natasha and Dinesh are citizens of the country of Azuria and have settled in Lafarnia, an
affluent country. They are happy in their new country, but they stay in touch with their families
back home and visit them regularly. Therefore, Natasha and Dinesh are ________.
a. transnationals
b. asylees
c. refugees
d. xenophobes

Answer: a

Question Title: TB_04_36_The Global Economy and Immigration_Apply_LO 4.8


Learning Objective: 4.8: Illustrate the relationship of globalization with respect to immigrants.
Topic: The Global Economy and Immigration
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
Difficulty: 2 – Moderate

37. Mike and his family lost their home and belongings in a major earthquake that hit their town.
They left their homeland to begin afresh in a neighboring country. In this scenario, Mike and his
family are ________.
a. environmental refugees
b. xenophobes
c. transnationals
d. political prisoners

Answer: a

Question Title: TB_04_37_The Environment and Immigration_Apply_LO 4.9


Learning Objective: 4.9: Interpret how immigration is related to the environment.
Topic: The Environment and Immigration
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
Difficulty: 3 – Difficult

Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Schaefer, Race and Ethnicity in the United States, 8/e, Test Bank

38. The United Nations treaty on refugees states that ________.


a. countries are obliged not to accept refugees who left their country for political reasons
b. countries are obliged not to forcibly return people to territories where their lives might be
endangered
c. countries are not permitted to deport a person fleeing to escape poverty
d. countries are not permitted to arrest a refugee who holds a citizenship in another nation

Answer: b

Question Title: TB_04_37_Refugees_Remember_LO 4.10


Learning Objective: 4.10: Restate the United States’ policies toward refugees.
Topic: Refugees
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
Difficulty: 1 – Easy

39. Foreigners who have already entered the United States and now seek protection because of
persecution in their home country are called ________.
a. refugees
b. asylees
c. transnationals
d. political prisoners

Answer: b

Question Title: TB_04_38_Refugees_Remember_LO 4.10


Learning Objective: 4.10: Restate the United States’ policies toward refugees.
Topic: Refugees
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
Difficulty: 1 – Easy

40. Although in the 1980s both Republican and Democratic administrations viewed most Haitian
exiles as economic migrants rather than political refugees and opposed granting them asylum and
permission to enter the United States, in 2010 the United States declared a moratorium on all
Haitian deportations. Which of the following is a reason for this move?
a. the political oppression that prevailed in Haiti
b. the conditions of extreme poverty in Haiti
c. the devastation caused by an earthquake in Haiti
d. the civil war that prevailed in Haiti

Answer: c

Question Title: TB_04_39_Refugees_Analyze_LO 4.10


Learning Objective: 4.10: Restate the United States’ policies toward refugees.
Topic: Refugees
Skill Level: Analyze It
Difficulty: 3 – Difficult

Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Schaefer, Race and Ethnicity in the United States, 8/e, Test Bank

Essay Questions

41. What is the most important aspect that encourages chain migration?

Answer: The most important aspect of chain immigration is that immigrants anticipate knowing
someone who can help them adjust to their new surroundings and find a new job, place to live,
and even the kinds of foods that are familiar to them.

Question Title: TB_04_41_Patterns of Immigration to the United States_Understand_LO 4.1


Learning Objective: 4.1: Summarize the general patterns of immigration to the United States.
Topic: Patterns of Immigration to the United States
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty: 2 – Moderate

42. How did the Chinese Exclusion Act impact Chinese immigration?

Answer: In 1882, Congress enacted the Chinese Exclusion Act, which outlawed Chinese
immigration for ten years. It also explicitly denied naturalization rights to the Chinese in the
United States; that is, they were not allowed to become citizens. There was little debate in
Congress, and discussion concentrated on how to best handle suspending Chinese immigration.
No allowance was made for spouses and children to be reunited with their husbands and fathers
in the United States. Only brief visits of Chinese government officials, teachers, tourists, and
merchants were exempted.

Question Title: TB_04_42_Early Immigration_Understand_LO 4.2


Learning Objective: 4.2: Characterize how immigration was controlled in the nineteenth century.
Topic: Early Immigration
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty: 2 – Moderate

43. How did the national origin system propose to regulate immigration to the United States?

Answer: Beginning in 1921, a series of measures was enacted that marked a new era in
American immigration policy. Whatever the legal language, the measures were drawn up to
block the growing immigration from Southern Europe (from Italy and Greece, for example) and
also to block all Asian immigrants by establishing a zero quota for them.
Quotas were deliberately weighted to favor immigration from Northern Europe. Because of the
ethnic composition of the country in 1920, the quotas placed severe restrictions on immigration
from the rest of Europe and other parts of the world. Immigration from the Western Hemisphere
(i.e., Canada, Mexico, Central and South America, and the Caribbean) continued unrestricted.
The quota for each nation was set at 3 percent of the number of people descended from each
nationality recorded in the 1920 census. Once the statistical manipulations were completed,
almost 70 percent of the quota for the Eastern Hemisphere went to just three countries: Great
Britain, Ireland, and Germany.

Question Title: TB_04_43_Restrictionist Sentiment Increases_Understand_LO 4.3

Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Schaefer, Race and Ethnicity in the United States, 8/e, Test Bank

Learning Objective: 4.3: Describe how restrictionist sentiment increased in the twentieth century.
Topic: Restrictionist Sentiment Increases
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty: 2 – Moderate

44. Contrast how functionalists and conflict theorists would explain the brain drain.

Answer: Conflict theorists see the current brain drain as yet another symptom of the unequal
distribution of world resources. In their view, it is ironic that the United States gives foreign aid
to improve the technical resources of African and Asian countries while maintaining an
immigration policy that encourages professionals in such nations to migrate to our shores. These
very countries have unacceptable public health conditions and need native scientists, educators,
technicians, and other professionals. In addition, by relying on foreign talent, the United States is
not encouraging native members of subordinate groups to enter these desirable fields of
employment.
From a functionalist perspective, many students who come to the country stay back and make
their talents available in the United States. More than one out of four physicians in the United
States are foreign-born and plays a critical role in serving areas with too few doctors. In addition,
about 70 percent of illegal immigrant workers pay taxes of one type or another. Supporters of
immigration reform point to increased tax revenue and even more net financial benefits to all
local governments if illegal immigrants move toward legal residency. A variety of recent studies
found that immigrants are a net economic gain for the population in times of economic boom as
well as in periods of recession.

Question Title: TB_04_44_Contemporary Social Concerns_Understand_LO 4.4


Learning Objective: 4.4: Identify the concerns about immigration policy today.
Topic: Contemporary Social Concerns
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty: 2 – Moderate

45. Present arguments to support bilingual education programs for children in school. Why is it
difficult to determine the effectiveness of these programs?

Answer: A program of bilingual education may instruct children in their native language while
gradually introducing them to the language of the dominant society. If such a program also is
bicultural, it will teach children about the culture of both linguistic groups. Proponents believe
that, ideally, bilingual education programs should also allow English-speaking pupils to be
bilingual, but generally they are directed only at making non–English speakers proficient in more
than one language. It is difficult to reach firm conclusions on the effectiveness of the bilingual
programs in general because they vary so widely in their approach to non–English-speaking
children. The programs differ in the length of the transition to English and how long they allow
students to remain in bilingual classrooms. The most successful are paired bilingual programs or
those offering ongoing instruction in a native language and English at different times of the day.

Question Title: TB_04_45_Contemporary Social Concerns_Understand_LO 4.4


Learning Objective: 4.4: Identify the concerns about immigration policy today.
Topic: Contemporary Social Concerns

Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Schaefer, Race and Ethnicity in the United States, 8/e, Test Bank

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts


Difficulty: 2 – Moderate

46. What issues are faced by legal and illegal immigrants who choose to stay in the United States
instead of seeking employment in their home countries?

Answer: The public has tied illegal immigrants, and even legal immigrants, to almost every
social problem in the nation. They become the scapegoats for unemployment; they are labeled
“drug runners” and, especially since September 11, 2001, “terrorists.” Arrest, detention, and
deportation of illegal immigrants greatly increased. Their vital economic and cultural
contribution to the United States is generally overlooked, as it has been for more than a hundred
years. American citizens of Hispanic or Asian origin, some of whom were born in the United
States, may be greeted with prejudice and distrust, as if their names automatically imply that they
are illegal immigrants. Furthermore, these citizens and legal residents of the United States may
be unable to find work because employers wrongly believe that their documents are forged.
Since the Congress approved the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA) that
made it illegal to hire illegal aliens, many illegal immigrants live in fear and hiding, subject to
even more severe harassment and discrimination than before.

Question Title: TB_04_46_Illegal Immigration_Understand_LO 4.5


Learning Objective: 4.5: Discuss the scope of and issues related to illegal immigration.
Topic: Illegal Immigration
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty: 2 – Moderate

47. What are the conditions to be met by a person to become a naturalized citizen of the United
States?

Answer: To become a naturalized U.S. citizen, a person must meet the following general
conditions:
• be 18 years of age;
• have continually resided in the United States for at least five years (three years for the spouses
of U.S. citizens);
• have good moral character as determined by the absence of conviction of selected criminal
offenses;
• be able to read, write, speak, and understand words of ordinary usage in the
English language; and
• pass a test in U.S. government and history administered orally in English.

Question Title: TB_04_47_Path to Citizenship: Naturalization_Understand_LO 4.6


Learning Objective: 4.6: Outline the process of naturalization.
Topic: Path to Citizenship: Naturalization
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty: 2 – Moderate

48. Explain the challenges faced by women immigrants.

Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Schaefer, Race and Ethnicity in the United States, 8/e, Test Bank

Answer: The second-class status women normally experience in society is reflected in


immigration. Most dramatically, women citizens who married immigrants who were not citizens
actually lost their U.S. citizenship from 1907 through 1922 with few exceptions. However, this
policy did not apply to men. Immigrant women face not only all the challenges faced by
immigrant men but also additional ones. Typically, they have the responsibility of navigating the
new society when it comes to services for their family and, in particular, their children. Many
new immigrants view the United States as a dangerous place to raise a family and therefore
remain particularly vigilant of what happens in their children’s lives.
Male immigrants are more likely to be consumed with work, leaving the women to navigate the
bureaucratic morass of city services, schools, medical facilities, and even everyday concerns
such as stores and markets. Immigrant women are often reluctant to seek outside help, whether
they are in need of special services for medical purposes or they are victims of domestic
violence. Yet immigrant women are more likely to be the liaison for the household, including
adult men, to community associations and religious organizations.
Women play a critical role in overseeing the household; for immigrant women, the added
pressures of being in a new country and trying to move ahead in a different culture heighten this
social role.

Question Title: TB_04_48_Women and Immigration_Understand_LO 4.7


Learning Objective: 4.7: Understand the special role of women in immigration.
Topic: Women and Immigration
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty: 2 – Moderate

49. How has globalization impacted immigrants?

Answer: Globalization is the worldwide integration of government policies, cultures, social


movements, and financial markets through trade, movement of people, and the exchange of
ideas. In this global framework, even immigrants are less likely to think of themselves as
residents of only one country. For generations, immigrants have used foreign- language
newspapers to keep in touch with events in their home countries. Today, cable channels carry
news and variety programs from their home countries, and the Internet offers immediate access
to the homeland and kinfolk thousands of miles away.

Question Title: TB_04_49_The Global Economy and Immigration_Understand_LO 4.8


Learning Objective: 4.8: Illustrate the relationship of globalization with respect to immigrants.
Topic: The Global Economy and Immigration
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty: 2 – Moderate

50. Explain the challenges faced by policymakers when making decisions on accepting refugees
who enter the United States for varied reasons.

Answer: Despite periodic public opposition, the U.S. government is officially committed to
accepting refugees from other nations. However, it is not always clear whether a person is
fleeing for his or her personal safety or to escape poverty. Although people in the latter category
may be of humanitarian interest, they do not meet the official definition of refugees and are

Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Schaefer, Race and Ethnicity in the United States, 8/e, Test Bank

subject to deportation. The practice of deporting people who are fleeing poverty has been the
subject of criticism. The United States has a long tradition of facilitating the arrival of people
leaving Communist nations, such as the Cubans. Mexicans who are refugees from poverty,
Liberians fleeing civil war, and Haitians running from despotic rule are not similarly welcomed.

Question Title: TB_04_50_Refugees_Understand_LO 4.10


Learning Objective: 4.10: Restate the United States’ policies toward refugees.
Topic: Refugees
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty: 2 – Moderate

Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

You might also like