Probability

PROBABILITY
DPP-2
1. In an examination, one hundred candidates took paper in Physics and Chemistry. Twenty five
candidates failed in Physics only. Twenty candidates failed in Chemistry only. Fifteen failed in both
Physics and Chemistry. A candidate is selected at random. The probability that he failed either in
Physics or in Chemistry but not in both, is–
(a) 9/20 (b) 3/5 (c) 2/5 (d) 11/20
1+ 3 p 1− p 1− 2 p
2. If , , are probabilities of three mutually exclusive events, then–
3 4 2
(a) –1/3 ≤ p ≤ 1/2 (b) 1/2 ≤ p ≤ 2/3 (c) 1/6 ≤ p ≤ 1/2 (d) None of these
3. If A, B and Care three events such that P(B) = 3/4, P(A ∩ 8 ∩ C ') = 1/3 and P(A' ∩ B ∩ C ') = 1/3,
then P(B ∩ C) is equal to–
(a) 1/12 (b) 1/6 (c) 1/15 (d) 1/9
4. A die is rolled, so that the probability of face is proportional to i, where i = 1, 2, ..., 6. The probability
of an even number occurring when the die is rolled, is–
(a) 4/7 (b) 5/7 (c) 6/7 (d) None of these
5. Let two events be A and B. If odds against A are as 2 : 1 and those in favour of A ∪ B are as 3 : 1,
then the range of P(B) is–
5 3 5
(a) ≤ P( B) ≤ (b) ≤ P( B) ≤ 1 (c) 0 ≤ P ( B ) ≤ 1 (d) None of these
12 4 12
6. A die is thrown. Let A be the event that the number obtained is greater than 3 and B be the event that
the number obtained is less than 5. Then, P(A ∪ B) is–
(a) 3/5 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2/5
7. Three distinct numbers are selected from first 100 natural numbers, then the probability that all the
three numbers are divisible by 2 and 3 is–
(a) 4/25 (b) 4/35 (c) 4/55 (d) 4/1155
8. From a pack of 52 cards, face cards and tens are removed and kept a side, then a card is drawn at
random from the remaining cards. If
A : The events that the card drawn is an ace.
H : The events that the card drawn is a heart.
S : The events that the card drawn is a spade.
Then, which of the following holds?
(a) 9P (A) = 4 P(H) (b) P(S) = 4 P(A ∩ H) (c) 3P (H) = P(A ∪ S) (d) None of these
9. Two dice are thrown thrice. The probability that first throw shows 10, second 11 and third 12 will be–
(a) 1/216 (b) 1/432 (c) 1/7776 (d) 1/648
10. A card is drawn at random from a pack of cards. The probability of this card being a red or a queen,
is–
(a) 1/13 (b) 1/26 (c) 1/2 (d) 7/13
11. If a party of n persons sit at a round table, then the odds against two specified individuals sitting next
to each other are–
(a) 2 :(n – 3) (b) (n – 3) : 2 (c) (n – 2) : 2 (d) 2 : (n – 2)
12. Find the probability that the two-digit number formed by digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 is divisible by 4 (while
repetition of digit is allowed).
1
13. A bag contains 5 white, 7 black and 4 red balls. Three balls balls are drawn from the bag at random. The
probability that all the three balls are white is–
is
(a) 3/16 (b) 3/5 (c) 1/60 (d) 1/56
14. From a pack of 52 cards, one card is drawn at random, the probability that it is either a king or a queen
in–
(a) 1/13 (b) 2/13 (c) 3/13 (d) 4/13
15. Three persons A, B and C are to speak at a function along with the others. If they all speak in random
order, the probability that A speaks before B and B speaks before C, is– is
16. Mr. A forgot to write down a very important phone number. All he remembers is that it started with
713 and that the next set of 4 digit involved are 1, 7 and 9 with one of these numbers appearing twice.
He guesses a phone number and dials randomly. The odds odds in favour of dialing the correct telephone
number, is–
(a) 1/35 (b) 1/71 (c) 1/23 (d) 1/36
17. n different books (n ≥ 3) are put at random in a shelf. Among these books there is a particular book A
and a particular book B. The probability that there are exactly
exactly r books between A and B is–is
2 2(n − r − 1) 2(n − r − 2) (n − r )
(a) (b) (c) (d)
n( n − 1) n(n − 1) n(n − 1) n( n − 1)
18. Consider a function f(x) that has zeros 4 and 9. Given that, Mr. A randomly selects a number from the
8, ... , 8, 9, 10}, then the probability that Mr. A chooses a zero of f(x2) is–
set {–10, –9, –8,
(a) 4/21 (b) 8/21 (c) 11/21 (d) 13/21
19. Mr. A lives at originin on the cartesian plane and has his office at (4, 5). His friend lives at (2, 3) on the
same plane (as shown in figure). Mr. A can go his office travelling one block at a time either in the + y
or + x direction. If all possible paths are equally likely, then the probability that Mr. A passed by his
friends house, is–
(a) 1/2 (b) 10/21 (c) 1/4 (d) 11/21

20. There are 4 red, 3 pink, 5 yellow and 8 white roses in a lawn. What is the probability that a blind man
will touch a red or a white rose?
21. Out of 40 consecutive natural numbers, two are chosen at random. Probability that sum of the numbers
is odd, is–
22. Three integers are chosen at random from the first 20 integers. The probability that their product is
even, is–
(a) 2/19 (b) 3/29 (c) 17/19 (d) 4/19
23. A committee of five is to be chosen from a group of a 9 people. The probability that a certain married
couple will either serve together or not at all, is–
is
(a) 1/2 (b) 5/9 (c) 4/9 (d) 2/3
24. If a die is thrown twice, the probability of occurrence of 4 atleast once, is–
is
2
25. A cube with all six faces coloured is cut into 64 cubical blocks of the same size, which are throughly
mixed. Then, the probability that the 2 randomly chosen blocks have 2 coloured faces each, is–
(a) 23/168 (b) 51/168 (c) 1/8 (d) 1/16
26. A bag contains 3 red and 3 white balls. Two balls are drawn one-by-one. The probability that they are
of different colours, is–
27. A bag contains 4 red and 3 blue balls. Two balls are drawn twice. If the drawn balls are replaced
before the second draw, then the probability that first two balls are red and second two balls are blue,
will be–
(a) 2/49 (b) 5/49 (c) 1/35 (d) 2/35
28. 3 letters are placed in 3 envelopes randomly. The probability that only one letter goes in right envelope
is–
(a) 1/2 (b) 1/3 (c) 1/6 (d) 2/3
29. There are 10 bulbs in a room, 4 of them are fused. The probability that the room will be lighted on
pressing the switches of any three, is–
30. Two dice are thrown. Then, the probability that the numbers appeared have a sum of 8, if it known that
the second die always exhibits 4, is–
(a) 1/2 (b) 1/3 (c) 1/4 (d) 1/6
31. A bag contains 3 red, 6 white and 7 black balls. Two balls are drawn one-by-one, then the probability
that first ball is white and second ball is blue when first drawn ball is not replaced in the bag, is–
(a) 7/40 (b) 9/40 (c) 11/40 (d) 13/40
32. A bag contains 4 red and 4 blue balls. Four balls are drawn one-by-one from the bag, then the
probability that the drawn balls are in alternate colour, is–
1 7 6 9
(a) (b) (c) (d)
35 31 35 31
33. Three cards are drawn successively, without replacement from a pack of 52 cards. Then, the
probability that the drawn cards are face cards of same suits, is–
1 11 111 1111
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5525 5525 5525 5525
34. A bag contains 2 black, 4 white and 3 red balls. One balls is drawn at random from the bag and kept a
side. From the remaining balls another ball is drawn and kept aside the first. This process is repeated
till all the balls are drawn. Then, probability that the balls are in sequence of 2 black, 4 white and 3 red
is–
1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
1260 7560 210
35. A pair of numbers is picked up randomly (without replacement) from the set {1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 12, 13,
17, 19}. The probability that the number 11 was picked, given that the sum of the numbers was even,
is nearly–
(a) 0.1 (b) 0.125 (c) 0.24 (d) 0.18
36. For a biased die, the probability for the different faces to turn up are given below :
Faces 1 2 3 4 5 6
Pr obabilities 0.12 0.32 0.21 0.15 0.05 0.17
The die is tossed and you are told that either face one or face two has turned up. Then, the probability
that it is face one, is–
(a) 1/6 (b) 1/10 (c) 5/49 (d) 5/21
3
37. The probability that an automobile will be stolen and found within one week is 0.0006. The probability
that an automobile will be stolen is 0.0015. The probability that a stolen automobile will be found in
one week, is–
(a) 0.3 (b) 0.4 (c) 0.5 (d) 0.6
38. Three numbers are chosen at random without replacement from 1, 2, 3, ..., 10. The probability that the
minimum of the chosen number is 4 or their maximum is 8, is–
39. A bag contains 6 white, 5 black and 4 red balls. Then, find the probability of getting either a white or a
black ball in a single draw.
(a) 11/15 (b) 12/20 (c) 1/2 (d) 11/20
40. 6 married couples are standing in a room. If 4 people are chosen at random, then the chance that
exactly one married couple is among the 4, is–
(a) 16/33 (b) 8/33 (c) 17/33 (d) 24/33
41. 3 students A, B and C are in a swimming race. A and B have the same probability of winning and each
is twice as likely to win as C. Then, the probability that B or C wins, is (Assume no two reach the
winning point simultaneously)
42. If E and F are events with P (E) ≤ P (F) and P (E ∪ F) > 0, then–
(a) occurrence of E ⇒ occurrence of F (b) occurrence of F ⇒ occurrence of E
(c) non-occurrence of E ⇒ non-occurrence of F (d) None of the above implications holds
43. The probability that a person will get an electric contract is 2/5 and the probability that he will not get
plumbing contract is 4/7. If the probability of getting atleast one contract is 2/3. Then, the probability
that he will get both, is–
44. There are 6 red balls and 6 green balls in a bag. Five balls are drawn out at random and placed in a red
box. The remaining seven balls are put in a green box. If the probability that the number of red balls in
p
the green box plus the number of red balls is not a prime number, is , where p and q are relatively
q
prime. Then, the value of (p + q) is–
(a) 35 (b) 36 (c) 37 (d) 38
45. Events A and C are independent. If the probabilities relating A, B and C are P (A) = 1 /5, P (B) = 1 /6,
P (A ∩ C) = 1 /20 and P (B ∪ C) = 3/8, then–
(a) events B and C are independent
(b) events B and C are mutually exclusive
(c) events B and C are neither independent nor mutually exclusive
(d) events A and C are equiprobable
46. The probabilities of happening of three independent events are p1, p2 and p3, then the probability of
happening atleast one of them, is–
(a) p1 + p2 + p3 (b) p1 p2 p3
(c) (1 – p1) (1 – p2) (1 – p3) (d) 1 – (1 – p1) (1 – p2) (1 – p3)
47. Let A and 8 be two events. If P (A) = 0.4, P (B) = p and P (A ∪ B) = 0.7. Then, the value of p for
which A and B are independent, is–
(a) 1/3 (b) 1/4 (c) 1/2 (d) 1/5
4
48. A licence plate is 3 capital letters (of English alphabets) followed by 3 digits. If all possible licence
plate are equally likely, the probability that a plate has either a letter palindrome or a digit palindrome
(or both), is–
49. Three houses are available in a locality. Three persons apply for the houses. Each applies for one
house without consulting others. The probability that all three apply for the same house is–
(a) 7/9 (b) 8/9 (c) 1/9 (d) 2/9
50. Four persons independently solve a certain problem correctly with probabilities 1/2, 3 /4, 1/4, 1/8.
Then, the probability that the problem is solved correctly by atleast one of them, is–
235 21 3 253
(a) (b) (c) (d)
256 256 256 256
51. A purse contains 4 copper and 3 silver coins another purse contains 6 copper and 2 silver coins. One
coin is drawn from any one of these two purses. The probability that it is a copper coin, is–
4 3 2 37
(a) (b) (c) (d)
7 4 7 56
52. The probability of a number n showing in a throw of a die marked 1 to 6 is proportional to n. Then, the
probability of the number 3 showing in a throw, is–
1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 6 7 21
53. There are n bags such that ith bag (1 ≤i≤ n) contains i black and 2 white balls. Two balls are drawn
from a randomly selected bag out of given n bags. Then, the probability that the both drawn balls are
white, is–
1 1 1 n
(a) (b) (c) (d)
n n +1 n+2 n+2
54. India and Pakistan play a 5 match test series of hockey, then the probability that India wins atleast
three matches is–
(a) 1/2 (b) 3/5 (c) 4/5 (d) 5/16
55. A coin is tossed 7 times. Each time a man call head. The probability that he wins the toss on more than
three occasions is–
56. A man take a step forward with probability 0.4 and backward with probability 0.6. The probability that
at the end of eleven steps he is one step away from the starting point, is–
(a) 0.35 (b) 0.36 (c) 0.37 (d) 0.38
57. 8 coins are tossed simultaneously. The probability of getting atleast 6 heads, is–
(a) 57/64 (b) 229/256 (c) 7/64 (d) 37/256
58. The probability that a man can hit a target is 3/4. He tries 5 times. The probability that he will hit the
target atleast three times is–
(a) 291/364 (b) 371/464 (c) 471/502 (d) 459/519
59. If two coins are tossed 5 times, then the probability of getting 5 heads and 5 tails is–
(a) 63/256 (b) 1/1024 (c) 2/205 (d) 9/64
60. A pair of fair dice is thrown independently three times. The probability of getting a score of exactly 9
twice, is–
(a) 8/729 (b) 8/243 (c) 1/729 (d) 8/9
61. A six faced die is thrown until 1 comes, the probability that 1 comes in even number of trials, is–
(a) 5/11 (b) 5/6 (c) 6/11 (d) 1/6
62. Two coins are tossed five times, the probability that an odd number of heads are obtain, is–
(a) (1/2)5 (b) 3/5 (c) 2/5 (d) None of these
5
63. A man can hit at bird with probability 1/4. How many times must he fires so that the probability of his
hitting the target atleast once is greater than 2/3, is–
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 8
64. If a coin is tossed n times, then probability that the head comes odd times, is–
(a) 1/2 (b) 1/2n (c) 1/2n – 1 (d) None of these
65. A dice is thrown 5 times, then the probability that an even number will come up exactly 3 times, is–
(a) 5/16 (b) 1/2 (c) 3/16 (d) 3/2
66. A fair coin is tossed n times. If the probability that head occurs 6 times is equal to the probability that
head occurs 8 times, then n is equal to–
(a) 15 (b) 14 (c)12 (d) 7
67. An experiment succeeds twice as often as it fails. The probability that in 4 trials there will be atleast
three successes, is–
(a) 4/27 (b) 8/27 (c) 16/27 (d) 24/27
68. A pair of fair dice is rolled together till a sum of either 5 or 7 is obtained. Then, the probability that 5
comes before 7, is–
69. One bag contains 3 white balls, 2 black balls and another contains 2 white balls, 3 black balls. A ball is
drawn from the second bag and placed in the first, then a ball is drawn from the first bag and placed in
the second. When the pair of the operations is repeated, then probability that the first bag will contains
5 white ball, is–
(a) 1/25 (b) 1/125 (c) 1/225 (d) 2/15
70. The probability of India winning a test match against West Indies is 1/2. Assuming independence from
match-to-match, the probability that in a 5 match series India's second win occurs at the third test, is–
(a) 2/3 (b) 1/2 (c) 1/4 (d) 1/8
71. A committee of three persons is to be randomly selected from a group of three men and two women
and the chair person will be randomly selected from the committee. The probability that the committee
will have exactly two women and one man and that the chair person will be a women, is/are–
(a) 1/5 (b) 8/15 (c) 2/3 (d) 3/10
72. A fever medicine cures 75% persons. Three persons suffering from fever used it. The probability that
all the three persons will be benefited, is–
73. A man can kill a bird once in three shots on this assumption he fires three shots. The probability that
the bird is killed is–
(a) 8/27 (b) 19/27 (c) 7/27 (d) 11/27
74. The odds against solving a problem by A are 4 : 3 and in favour of B are 7 : 5, then probability that
only one will solve the problem, is–
(a) 16/21 (b) 5/21 (c) 43/84 (d) 41/84
75. A man alternately tosses a coin and throws a die beginning with the coin. The probability that he gets a
head in the coin before he gets 5 or 6 in the die, is–
Passage–I
A is a set containing 10 elements. A subset P of A is chosen at random and set A is reconstructed by
replacing the elements of P, another subset Q of A is now chosen at random. Then, the probability that,
if
76. P ∪ Q = A, is–
(a) (1/2)10 (b) (2/3)10 (c) (3/4)10 (d) (2/5)10
6
77. P ∪ Q contains exactly 4 elements, is–
5805 8550 5058 8505
(a) 19 (b) 19 (c) 19 (d) 19
2 2 2 2
78. P and Q have no common elements, is–
(a) (2/3)10 (b) (3/4)19 (c) (4/5)10 (d) (5/6)10
Passage–II
In an objective paper, there are two sections of 10 questions each. For Section I, each question has 5
options and only one option is correct and for Section II each question has 4 options with one or more
than one correct and marks in each section is awarded only if he ticks all correct answers. Marks for
each question in Section I is 1 and in Section II is 3. (there is no negative marking)
79. If a candidate attempts only two questions, one from Section I and one from Section II. The
probability that be scores in both questions, is–
(a) 74/75 (b) 1/25 (c) 1/15 (d) 1/75
80. If a candidate in total attempts 4 questions, then the probability of scoring 10 marks, is–
3 3 3
1 1  4 1  1  14 
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d) None of these
5  15  5  15  5  15 
81. The probability of getting a score less than 40 in this paper is–
(a) (1/75)10 (b) 1 – (1/75)10 (c) (74/75)10 (d) (1/5)10
Passage–III
A is power set of a given set X containing n elements and P, Q, R ∈ A (may or may not be distinct).
82. If P, Q, Rare disjoint sets, the probability that P ∪ Q ∪ R = X, is–
(a) (4/7)n – 1 (b) (3/4)n (c) (3/7)n (d) (5/7)n
83. If P ∪ Q ∪ R contains just 1 element, then the probability that P also contain just 1 element, is–
(a) (4/7)n – 1 (b) (3/4)n (c) (3/7)n (d) (5/7)n
84. If P ∪ Q ∪ R contain no elements, then the probability that Q = R, is–
(a) (4/7)n – 1 (b) (3/4)n (c) (3/7)n (d) (5/7)n
Passage–IV
A fair die is tossed repeatedly until a six is obtained. Let X denotes the number of tosses required, then
85. The probability that X = 3, equals–
25 25 5 125
(a) (b) (c) (d)
216 36 36 216
86. The probability that X ≥ 3, equals–
125 25 5 25
(a) (b) (c) (d)
216 36 36 216
87. The conditional probability that X ≥ 6, given X > 3, equals–
125 25 5 25
(a) (b) (c) (d)
216 216 36 36
Passage–VI
Urn I contains 5 red balls and 1 blue ball and urn II contains 2 red balls and 4 blue balls. A fair die is
tossed. If it results in an even number, balls are repeatedly with drawn one at a time with replacement
from urn I. If it is an odd number, then balls are repeatedly with drawn one at a time with replacement
from urn II. Given that, the first two draws both have resulted in a blue ball.
88. Conditional probability that the first two draws have resulted in blue balls given urn II is used, is–
1 4 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
2 9 3
89. If the probability that the urn I is being used is p and q is the corresponding figure for urn II, then–
(a) q = 16p (b) q = 4p (c) q = 2p (d) q = 3p
7
90. The probability of getting a red ball in the third drawn, is–
(a) 1/3 (b) 1/2 (c) 37/102 (d) 41/102
Numerical Grid
91. A quadratic equation is chosen from the set of all the quadratic equations, which are unchanged by
m
squaring their roots. The chance that the chosen equation has equal roots is , then (n – m) is
n
92. The probability that a positive two-digit numbers selected at random has its ten's digit atleast three
more than its unit's digit is m : n. Then, (n – 3m) is.
93. A 5-digit number is formed by using the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 without repetition. The probability
that the number is divisible by 6 is m%, then number of digits in m is.
94. Nine numbers 1, 2, 3, ..., 9 are arranged in a rectangular array of matrix of order 3, so that each
number occurs exactly once. Then, the probability that the sum of the numbers in atleast one
horizontal row is greater than 21, is m : n, then (m + n) is.
95. I have 3 normal dice, one red, one blue, one green and I roll all three simultaneously. Let P be the
a
probability that the sum of the numbers on the green die. If P is the written in lowest term as , then
b
numbers of digit in (a + b) is.
96. If two of the 64 squares are chosen at random on a chess board, the probability that they have a side in
m
common is, is lowest form, then numbers of digit in (m + n) is.
n
m
97. In a throwing 3 dice, the probability that atleast 2 of the three numbers obtained are same is , then
n
(n – m) is.
98. There are 4 defective items in a lot consisting of 10 items. From this lot, we select 5 items at random.
m
The probability that there will be 2 defective items among them is , then (3m – n) is.
n
99. There are ten prizes, five A's, three B's and two C's, placed in identical sealed envelopes for the top ten
contestants in a Mathematics contest.. The prizes are awarded by allowing winners to select an
envelope at random from those remaining. When the 8th contestant goes to select the prize, the
m
probability that the remaining three prizes are one A, one B and one C, is , then |m – n| is n.
n
100. A box contains 7 tickets, numbered from 1 to 7 inclusive. If 3 tickets are drawn from the box without
replacement, one at a time, the probability that they are alternatively either odd-even-odd or even-odd-
m
even is , then |m – n| is.
n
ANSWER KEY
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
a a a a a c d a c d b d d b b
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
a b a b c b c c a a c a a b d
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
a c a a c d b a a a a d a c a
46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
d c a c a d c c a c c d d a b
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75
a d c a a b c b c c a a b c a
76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
c d b d a b c d c a b d b a c
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
1 3 2 8 2 2 5 9 3 5
8
9

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(a) 1/2 (b) 10/21 (c) 1/4 (d) 11/21

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