Solution

MTP 1 MATHS TERM 2

Class 10 - Mathematics
Section A
1. Let 1st term of the AP = a and common difference = d
Now a3 = p ⇒ a + 2d = p ..(i)
and a4 = q ⇒ a + 3d = q ..(ii)
Substracting equation (i) from equation (ii),
d=q-p
When d = (q - p), equation (i) becomes
a + 2(q - p) = p
a = 3p - 2q
∴ a10 = a + 9d

= (3p - 2q) + 9(q - p)

= 7q - 6p
OR
Given,
a24 = 2× a10
⇒ a + (24 - 1)d = 2× [a + (10 - 1)d]
⇒ a + 23d = 2[a + 9d]
⇒a + 23d = 2a + 18d

⇒a - 2a = 18d - 23d

⇒-a = -5d

⇒a = 5d...........(i)

To prove: a72 = 2a34

Proof:
LHS = a72
= a + (72 - 1)d
= 5d + 71d [From (i)]
= 76d
RHS = 2a34
= 2[a + (34 - 1)d]
= 2[5d + 33d]
= 2 × 38d
= 76d
∴ LHS = RHS
– –
2. The given equation is x2 −(√3 +1)x+ √3 = 0

comparing it with a x2
+ bx + c = 0 , we get
– –
a = 1, b = −(√3 +1) and c = √3
– – –
∴ D = b
2 2
− 4ac = [−( √3 +1)] − 4(1)(√3 ) = (√3 − 1)2 > 0
So, the given equation has real and distinct roots, given by
2
−[−(√3+1)]+√(√3−1 )
−b+√D √3+1+√3−1 2 √3 –
α = = = = = √3
2a 2×1 2 2
2
−[−(√3+1)]−√(√3−1 )
−b−√D √3+1−√3+1
2
β = = = = = 1
2a 2×1 2 2
–
Hence, √3 and 1 are the roots of the given equation.

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3.

Given: OP = 25cm.
Let TP be the tangent, so that TP = 24cm
Join OT where OT is radius.
Now, tangent drawn from an external point is perpendicular to the radius at the point of contact.
∴ OT ⊥ P T

In △OT P ,
By Pythagoras theorem, OT2 + TP2 = OP2
OT2 + 242 = 252
OT2 = 625 - 576
OT2 = 49
OT = 7
The radius of the circle will be 7cm.
4. For sphere Radius (r) = 4.2 cm
r3
4
∴ Volume = 3
π

(4.2)3 cm3
4
= 3
π

For cylinder Radius (R) = 6 cm

Let the height of the cylinder be H cm.
Then, volume = πR2H = π(6)2H cm3
According the question,
Volume of the sphere = Volume of the cylinder
3
4(4.2)
4 3 2
⇒ π(4.2) = π(6) H ⇒ H = 2
⇒ 2.74
3
3(6)

Hence, the height of the cylinder is 2.74 cm.

5. Class interval 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80

Frequency 5 8 7 12 28 20 10 10
Here the maximum frequency is 28 then the corresponding class 40 - 52 is the modal class
l = 40, h = 50 - 40 = 10, f = 28, f1 = 12, f2 = 20
f −f
Mode = l + h
1
×
2f −f1 −f2

28−12
= 40 + 2×28−12−20
× 10
160
= 40 + 24

= 40 + 6.67
= 46.67
6. Given that the quadratic equation x2 - 4kx + k = 0 has equal roots
Comparing with general equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, for the given equation
a = 1, b = -4k and c = k
Hence, D = b2 - 4ac = 0
(-4k)2 - 4 × 1 × k = 0
16k2 - 4k = 0
4k(4k - 1) = 0
4k = 0 or (4k - 1) = 0
1
k = 0 or k = 4
1
Hence 0 and 4
are values of k which the equation has equal roots.

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 OR
To check whether the quadratic equation has real roots or not, we need to check the discriminant value i.e.,
D = b2 - 4ac
–
Given, x2 + 5√5x − 70
= 0
– 2
∴ D = (5√5) − 4(1)(−70)

⇒ D = 125 + 280 > 0

Hence, the roots are real and distinct.
To find the roots, use the formula,
2
−b±√b −4ac
x =
2a
−5 √5±√405
∴ x =
2(1)

−5 √5±9 √5 – –
= = 2√5, −7√5
2

Section B
7. We first, find the classmark xi of each class and then proceed as follows.

Class interval Classmarks (xi) Frequency (fi) Deviation di = xi = a fidi

100-104 102 15 -8 -120

104-108 406 20 -4 -80

108-112 A = 110 32 0 0

112-116 114 18 4 72

116-120 118 15 8 120

N = ∑ fi = 100 Σ fi di = −8

∴ Assumed mean, a = 110

Class width, h = 4
and total observations, N = 100
∑f d
By step deviation method, Mean (x̄) =
i
a +
Σfi

−8
= 110 + ( )
100

= 100 - 0.08
= 109.92
But seats cannot be in decimal, so the number of seats is 109.
8. We follow the following steps:

Steps of construction
STEP I Take a point O on the plane of the paper and draw a circle of given radius 3 cm.
STEP II Take any point P on the circle and join OP.
STEP III Construct ∠OP T = 90°.
STEP IV Produce TP to T ' to obtain the required tangent TPT '.

9. Class Frequency (f) Cumulative frequency (cf)

0-10 5 5

10-20 x 5+x

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 20-30 20 25 + x

30-40 15 40 + x

40-50 y 40 + x + y

50-60 5 45 + x + y

N = Σf = 60
N = 60
45 + x + y = 60
⇒ x + y =15 ...(i)

Median = 28.5
Clearly, it lies in the class interval 20 - 30.
So, 20 - 30 is the median class.
∴ l = 20, h = 10, f = 20, F = 5 + x and N = 60

we know that,
N
−F

Median = l + h
2
×
f

30−(5+x)
⇒ 28.5 = 20 + × 10
20
25−x
⇒ 28.5 = 20 +
2
25−x
⇒ 8.5 = ⇒ 25 - x = 17 ⇒ x = 8
2

Putting x = 8 in Eq(i), we get

8 + y = 15
y=7
Hence, x = 8 and y = 7

10.

∘ BC
In rt. △ACB, tan 60 =
AC
– 3600 √3
√3 =
x

x = 3600 m

Now, In right AED,

∘ DE
tan 30 =
AE

1 3600 √3
=
√3 3600+y

3600 + y = 10800

y = 7200m

BD = C E

∴ Distance covered in 30 seconds = 7200 ,

7200
So, Speed = 30
= 240m/s
18
= 240 × 5

= 864 km/hr.

OR

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 AB = 150 m
Initially boat is at C and after 2 minutes it reaches at D.
In right △ABC,
AB ∘
= tan 45
BC
150
⇒ = 1 ⇒ BC = 150m
BC
AB
In right △ABD, = tan 30
∘

BD
150 1 –
⇒ = ⇒ BD = 150√3
BD √3
– –
Distance covered in 2 minutes= BD − BC = 150√3 − 150 = 150(√3 − 1)m
150(√3−1)
Distance covered
∴ speed = =
2
time taken

= 75 × (1.732 − 1)
= 54.9 m/min

Section C
11. Radius (R) of conical vessel = 6 cm
Height (H) of conical vessel = 8 cm

Volume of conical vessel (Vc ) = 1

πr2 h
3

= 1
×π× 6 × 6 × 8
3

= 96πcm3
Let the radius of the sphere be r cm
In right Δ PO'R by pythagoras theorem We have
l2 = 62 + 82
−−−−− −
l = √36 + 64 = 10 cm
In right triangle MRO
OM
sin θ =
OR
3 r
⇒ =
5 8−r

⇒ 24 - 3r = 5r
⇒ 8r = 24

⇒ r = 3 cm

∴ V1 = Volume of the sphere ,= 4

π × 3 cm
3 3
= 36πcm
3

3
1
V2 = Volume of the water = Volume of the cone = 3
π× 6
2
× 8cm
3
= 96πcm
3

Clearly, volume of the water that flows out of the cone is same as the volume of the sphere i.e., V1.
∴ Fraction of the water that flows out =V1 : V2 = 36π : 96π = 3 : 8

12. Given: A circle with centre O. A tangent CD at C.

Diameter AB is produced to D.

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 BC and AC chords are joined, ∠BAC = 30°

To prove: BC = BD
Proof: DC is tangent at C and, CB is chord at C.
Therefore, ∠DCB = ∠BAC [∠s in alternate segment of a circle]
⇒ ∠DCB = 30° …(i) [∵ ∠BAC = 30° (Given)]
AOB is diameter. [Given]
Therefore, ∠BCA = 90° [Angle in s semi circle]
Therefore, ∠ABC = 180° - 90° - 30° = 60°
In ΔBDC,
Exterior ∠B = ∠D + ∠BCD
⇒ 60° = ∠D + 30°
⇒ ∠D = 30° …(ii)
Therefore, ∠DCB = ∠D = 30° [From (i), (ii)]
⇒ BD = BC [∵ Sides opposite to equal angles are equal in a triangle]
Hence, proved.
OR

In Δ's OAB and OAC, we have,

∘
∠OBA = ∠OC A = 90

OA = OA [Common]
AB = AC [∵ Tangents from an external point are equal in length]
Therefore, by RHS congruence criterion, we have,
ΔOBA ≅ΔOC A

⇒ ∠OAB = ∠OAC [By c.p.c.t.]

1
∴ ∠OAB = ∠OAC = ∠BAC
2
1 ∘ ∘
= × 120 = 60
2
∘
⇒ ∠OAB = ∠OAC = 60

In ΔOBA, we have,
AB
cos B =
OA
∘ AB
⇒ cos 60 =
OA
1 AB
⇒ =
2 OA

⇒ OA = 2AB
Hence proved.
13. Let AB be the tree of height h m and AC be the river.
Let C be the position of a man standing on the opposite bank of the river . After moving 30 m away from point
C. Let new position of man be D i.e CD = 30m
Then, ∠AC B = 60∘ , ∠ADB = 30∘ , ∠DAB = 90∘ and CD = 30m.
Let AB = h metres and AC = x metres.

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 From right ΔC AB, we have
AC ∘ 1
= cot 60 =
AB √3

x 1 h
⇒
h
= ⇒ x = ...(i)
√3 √3

From right ΔDAB, we have

AD ∘
–
= cot 30 = √3
AB
x+30 – –
⇒ = √3 ⇒ x = √3h − 30. ...(ii)
h

Equating the values of x from (i) and (ii), we get

h – –
= √3h − 30 ⇒ h = 3h − 30√3
√3
– –
⇒ 2h = 30√3 ⇒ h = 15√3 = 15 × 1.732 = 25.98
– 15 √3
Putting h = 15√3 in (i), we get x = = 15.
√3

Hence, the height of the tree is 25.98m and the width of the river is 15 metres.
14. i. Money saved on 1st day = Rs. 27.5
∵ Sehaj increases his saving by a fixed amount of Rs. 2.5

∴ His saving form an AP with a = 27.5 and d = 2.5

∴ Money saved on 10th day,

a10 = a + 9d = 27.5 + 9(2.5)

= 27.5 + 22.5 = Rs. 50
ii. a25 = a = 24d
= 27.5 + 24(2.5)
= 27.5 + 60 = Rs. 87.5
iii. Total amount saved by Sehaj in 30 days.
30
= 2
[2 × 27.5 + (30 − 1) × 2.5]

= 15(55 + 29(2.5)
= Rs. 1912.5

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