INTERIOR SPACES PHOTOGRAPHY

Ar. Joselin Bharathi

 PRINCIPLES OF PHOTOGRAPHY
There are 7 principles of Photography
Pattern,
Balance,
Negative Space,
Grouping,
Closure,
Colour
Light/Shadow
• Patterns makes sense of the visual
world through regularity. Elements
of design can be put together in a
predictable manner to form a
pattern. Incorporating patterns lifts
the image of the page and is like
exploring the
different photographic techniques.
This effect creates a calming effect
to the viewers and draws the
attention to it. Patterns also create
a visual harmony and familiarity.
• Balance makes the composition
look aesthetic. It is used to show
the visual weight of the image and
can unite or create division. The
balanced picture emphasizes the
stability of the image. Whereas, an
unbalanced image causes
imbalance or disunity, which later
creates a disturbance in the viewers
point. The balance
includes Symmetrical
balance and Asymmetrical balance.
• Negative Space or the space
behind the subject with no
emphasis. The dead spaces or
the negative space distracts the
viewer’s eye, with no focus on
one element or in one direction.
The focus main element is
considered as the space
surrounding which can be fixed
later diminishes the quality of a
photograph.
• Grouping forms a co-linear or
line of direction of the
image. Shapes and lines are
perceived as a single element
and the rest are considered as
unified shapes or lines. The
Human Brain likes to group
things together, by making sense
of the image
• Colour contributes a lot to any
photograph and it’s more than
creating a visually pleasing element.
It sets the mood and frames the
subject. Contrasting colours are
eye-catching as they don’t blend
into each other and they create a
separated line between two
subjects, which forces the viewer to
stare longer. Cool toned images can
create a dark or mysterious image
whereas a warm colour creates a
lighter and happy mode.
• Closure or the tendency to fill the
missing gaps in an informative way
to finish a story by
the Photographer. This is an
important method which must be
followed in order to not make the
image look incomplete. It creates a
feeling of chaos when it is
imbalanced.
• Light and shadow plays a major
role in Photography. When there’s
absence of light, it is generally
overlooked and shadows can help
the eye to a specific point which
creates a composition. Shadows are
also used as a hint of drama which
highlight an image and emphasize
the light. Having both light and
shadow creates a balance.
 SLR CAMERA
• DSLR and SLR cameras both reflect
light that enters through the lens
using a mirror so that an image can
be seen in a viewfinder. However, an
SLR camera uses a film made of
plastic, gelatin and other material
to record the image - a DSLR
captures the image digitally, on a
memory card.
• A single-lens reflex camera (SLR) is a
camera that typically uses a mirror
and prism system (hence "reflex"
from the mirror's reflection) that
permits the photographer to view
through the lens and see exactly
what will be captured
• Viewfinder
The viewfinder is one of the most important parts of a camera. It is a rectangular-shaped part at
the back of your camera that lets you see and frame your subject. Some viewfinders are fully
digital, which shows you various details like your shutter speed, aperture, and ISO before you
take the shot.
• Pentaprism
The pentaprism is a mirror placed at a 45-degree angle behind the camera lens. The mirror
projects the light captured from the lens to the viewfinder. Before pentaprisms, photographers
always had to look downwards when taking photos. This is not ideal for some subjects and would
only allow you to take photos at hip-level. Pentaprisms got rid of this problem and now
defines single-lens reflex or SLR cameras.
• Built-in Flash
A built-in flash is the part of the camera’s anatomy that produces a burst of light (i.e., a flash of
light) when triggered. It has a fixed position on the front or top of the camera to allow it to
illuminate the subject. The built-in flash fires only when the camera takes a picture.
• Flash Button
The flash button is present on cameras with a built-in pop-up flash. Its main functionality is to
force the flash to open before triggered. At the same time, on some cameras, if you hold press
the flash button, you can adjust the intensity of the flash by setting the flash exposure
compensation.
• Lens Mount
A lens mount is the mechanical fitting that allows the lens to attach to the camera. You can only
use lenses that match your camera’s lens mounting system. Some camera manufacturers use
proprietary lens mounting systems to ensure clients will use their lenses.
• Lens Release Button
The lens release button unlocks the lens mount and allows you to detach the lens. Although you
can attach the lens in one step, as a safety measure, you can only detach it by pressing the lens
release button. You’ll find it on the front of the camera, near the lens mount.
• Mode Dial
A mode dial is one of the most used parts of the camera. It is a small cogwheel situated on the
top-right of the camera that switches between the camera’s modes (i.e., ways of operating).
Additionally, a camera may have multiple modes, including manual, automatic, and
semiautomatic settings, and scene-based.
• Focusing Screen
A camera’s focusing screen is the glass surface on which the camera’s mirror projects the image.
The focusing screen helps in achieving various focus effects such as sharp and high-contrast shots
to blurs and bokeh.
• Condenser Lens
A condenser lens has two matching convex lenses. This part uses a simple method for correcting
color fringing or aberration that is a common problem encountered when using traditional
camera lenses.
• Digital Sensor
The digital sensor of a camera is one of its most delicate parts. This sensor captures the light
coming from the lens to create an image. Modern cameras use either a charged-coupled device
(CCD) or a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) imager for capturing images.
• Grip
The grip is the right side of a camera, which has a special curved design to allow you to
comfortably handhold the camera. It usually provides space to place your fingers and securely
hold the camera. The grip usually has a different texture than the rest of the camera.
• Shutter
The shutter is an opaque piece of metal or plastic that controls the amount of light that reaches
the camera sensor. Additionally, the length of which your shutter stays open will determine how
your exposure will look like. You can activate this using the shutter release button and adjust it
accordingly using your camera’s shutter speed setting.
• Display
The camera display shows the user helpful information about the photos and the camera. Here you will
see the different camera settings you can tweak to alter your exposure, ISO, shutter speed, and more.
You can also access other menus using this display to change the settings on your camera. Most camera
displays nowadays let you see how your image will appear before you press the shutter release button.
This feature revolutionized digital cameras as it helps photographers in creating consistent shots.
• Electronics
Your camera’s electronic components are divided into three separate categories: photo capture
components, camera controller, and user interface components. The controller elements control all the
electronic components of the camera. Its photo capture elements are responsible for the recording of
images. Meanwhile, the user interface elements are responsible for letting the user interact with and
control the camera.
• Remote Control Sensor
A remote control sensor is an electronic device (usually an infrared device) that allows you to connect
the camera to remote controls. Once you make the connection, you can use the remote control to
trigger the shutter from a distance or at a predetermined moment.
• Shutter Button
The shutter button is one of the most iconic parts of a camera. The button tells the camera to release
the shutter and take a picture. DSLR cameras assign a second functionality to the shutter button: the
button triggers the camera’s autofocus system when it is half-pressed.
• Autofocus System
One of the advantages that digital cameras have over traditional film cameras is their ability to focus on
a particular subject quickly and automatically. This is possible thanks to the autofocus sensor, one of the
parts of a lens that sends information to the computer inside the camera and commands the lens to
adjust its focusing elements to render a sharp image.
• Reflex and Relay Mirror
The reflex mirror is in any SLR or DSLR camera. Unlike rangefinder cameras, the lens of a DSLR is not on
the same axis as the lens, which is why this type of camera needs a mirror. The reflex mirror is a mirror
positioned at a 45-degree angle to reflect light from the lens to the viewfinder, enabling you to see what
the lens sees.
• Aperture
Aperture is one of the three pillars of determining the exposure of your photographs. Additionally,
aperture is the opening in your lens through which light passes through. This part has small, thin blades
that shrink or expand depending on how much light you want in your exposure. It also determines
the depth of field of your camera, which is a vital factor in how much background blur you want.
• Main Dial
The main dial is a cogwheel situated on the front part of the camera that allows you to adjust aperture,
shutter speed, exposure compensation, and other parameters. On some cameras, the main dial can
help you navigate through the images on the memory card.
• Hot Shoe
The hot shoe, a U-shaped metal bracket situated on top of the camera, is among the basic parts of a
camera. It is a mechanical fitting that allows you to connect an external flash unit and other accessories
such as radio triggers, external microphones, and light meters.
• Zoom Elements
If you just bought your first ever camera, chances are you got a zoom lens with it. Zoom lenses allow
you to shift between focal lengths, from wide to telephoto, depending on your lens’ focal range, by
turning the lens rings.
• Batteries
Lastly, the battery is one of the most important parts of the camera. Most of its components will not
work if not powered by one. Having a long-lasting battery lets you shoot more photos and shoot for
extended periods, allowing you to find the perfect shot.
TYPES OF LENS
What is a zoom lens?
• Zoom lenses are one of the most common types of lens that you’ll
need in your photography armoury, offering you a great range for
photographing anything from people in the streets to wildlife in the
African Savanna.
• Zoom lenses are incredibly versatile, with the most popular being
the 70-200 mm lens that you’ll see being used by wedding
photographers. Zoom lenses have variable focal lengths, so with a
70-200mm lens for example, you can zoom from 70mm all the way
up to 200mm.
• If you’re travelling light, though, you can find zoom lenses with
much more range, such as an 18 - 270 mm, allowing you to
photograph both close up and in the distance.
• For budding photographers or anyone needing to photograph in a
diverse range of scenarios or conditions, there’s nothing that can
really beat a good zoom range for quality and adaptability. It’s the
all-round lens that everyone needs!
What is a prime lens?
• A prime lens is a classic style that has been around as long as
cameras have. Prime lenses have a fixed focal range, which means
that you can't zoom in or out.
• The main advantage of prime lenses is that they specialise in just
one focal length. In other words, they are finely tuned to deliver on
one specific type of photography, unlike a zoom lens which can be
used in a multitude of cases.
• Because of this, prime lenses produce much higher quality images
than a zoom lens in general, but you will need to know in which
situation you can use them. For example, the 50mm prime lens,
otherwise known as the Nifty Fifty, is perfect for portraits, as the
focal length is seen to be as close to the human eye as possible.
• A 35 mm prime lens, on the other hand, is usually best employed
by landscape photographers.
Telephoto Lens
• If a standard zoom lens isn’t quite strong enough for
your needs, then the next step up is a telephoto lens.
These big lenses are found within a range of 100mm up
to 600mm, sometimes even more.
• Telephoto lenses are bulky and may require a tripod to
support them, making them nowhere near as practical
as a standard zoom lens.
• If you are a professional wildlife photographer, sports
photographer, or if you photograph the night sky and
the stars, then a telephoto lens can be invaluable. For
amateurs though, it’s perhaps not within your budget.