Teste N° 2:

INTRODUCTION :

All the operations involved in the production of a product, from reception to

delivery to the customer.

Depending on the technique used, the intended medium, the deadline, the number of copies to be
printed and the budget, the final document to be produced will have a different look and feel.

number of copies to be printed, and the budget, the final document will have a different

structure.

In fact, depending on whether it's a leaflet, brochure, poster, label,

a box, a newspaper, an advertisement, a novel, the problem will have to be studied differently, and
the solution will necessarily be complex.

Three key words:

Communication:
To communicate is to understand and be understood.

Organization:
Action of implementing, preparing and establishing the distribution of tasks,

to ensure the best working conditions.

Control:
Being in control of the situation until it reaches the customer;

the commitments given for the realization of the product

are very important for the future.

Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)

2- Printing processes with printing forms

Letterpress printing
This is a direct printing process using a raised printing form.

The principle goes back a long way: the first known prints, based on engraved wood blocks

(xylography) date back to the 8th century.

So, in 1450, Gutenberg did not "invent" typography or printing, but he did perfect the first industrial
process for multiplying type by casting metal in identical molds

made from a single die. This standardization improved the quality of typefaces and enabled

considerable savings on their manufacture.

Flexography

Like letterpress, flexography is a direct printing process using a relief printing form,

but in this process, the form is "flexible", made of vulcanized rubber or soft plastic.

plastic. This process, which is particularly well-suited to printing on plastic film for packaging, enables
quality color prints to be produced using web presses, provided that the original documents have
been designed and produced in accordance with the customer's specifications.

the original documents have been designed for this process.

For a long time reserved for coarse printing on cardboard or Kraft paper, flexography owes its rise to
the combined technological developments of rotary presses, photopolymer plates,

and inks that chemists adapted as new synthetic packaging substrates were invented.

Rotogravure

Derived from intaglio and etching, this direct intaglio printing process, perfected

developed in 1878, was first applied to artistic printing on sheet paper,

It then became the printing process for paper in large widths (over 2 m). The high

of the printing form limits its use to large print runs, such as those for catalogues

catalogs, magazines and brochures (several hundred thousand copies, several million if the

several million if the roll width is smaller.

This process is also used for printing various types of packaging. Because it avoids the disadvantages
of

the disadvantages of fount solution and sticky inks inherent to offset printing, heliogravure can
produce

high color intensity on less elaborate, and therefore less expensive, paper.

Screen printing

This direct printing process, using a porous printing form, exploits the stencil principle:

The printing form is a fabric stretched over a frame. The printing parts allow the ink to pass through
the fabric weave. A special feature of screen printing is that the ink is deposited in a thickness

comparable to a coat of paint.

This process is unique when a full-coverage print is required.

Offset printing

Created around 1910 in the United States, this indirect printing process uses a planographic printing
form. Lithography (Senefelder, 1798), from which it derives, also uses a planographic printing form.

but prints by direct contact between stone and paper.

Offset is suitable for a wide range of applications.

It's the most economical process to use, thanks to the simplicity and speed of the printing form.

printing form.

http://perso.wanadoo.fr/elisabeth.fays/cours/ - 4

The Di-litho process

Also known as direct lithography, this direct offset printing process is used exclusively for

daily newspapers on letterpress presses adapted to offset printing by adding a dampening device.

fount solution.

This is a transitional process, allowing the last investments in letterpress equipment to be amortized
before the installation of offset presses.

before installing offset presses.

Indirect letterpress.

Also known as "dry offset" or "letterset", this process combines the indirect printing principle of
offset with the printing form of letterset.

with the raised printing form of letterpress. An offset press is used, without its fount solution, and
the letterpress relief printing form is replaced.

is glued to the plate cylinder. When the press is equipped

a magnetic cylinder, a photopolymer plate glued to a steel base can be used.