Philosophy Unit 1: Introduction

Philosophical problems and disciplines

Reduce:

Philosophy involves questioning its subject matter, which leads to the emergence of issues. It then seeks
to provide solutions to these queries. Has various philosophical disciplines; 2 main disciptines:
Onthology and theory of knowledge. Some other disciplines: Logic, pril al language, phil of science,
anthropology, ethics, aesthetics, axiology, phil.af, Law, phil.of history etc.

Record:

In philosophy, questions emerge regarding the nature of things, much like in the sciences. It endeavors
to provide diverse answers, as different philosophers often tackle the same questions from varied
perspectives. Philosophy is categorized into numerous disciplines, each aligned with different subject
matters it encounters. Two primary disciplines encompass ontology, which examines existence and the
types of entities that exist, and epistemology, which explores what we know, how we acquire
knowledge, and the limitations to our understanding. Other divisions include the study of the various
types of sciences and their methods, anthropology, the study of human behavior, ethics, aesthetics,
which pertains to beauty and the fine arts, axiology, which studies values, philosophy of law, and the
study of technology and crafts.

Summarize:

Philosophy explores questions about the nature of things, seeking diverse answers from different
perspectives. It is composed of various disciplines, with ontology and epistemology as the main
branches. Other fields include logic, philosophy of science, anthropology, ethics, aesthetics, axiology,
philosophy of law, and the study of technology and history.

The subject matter of philosophy

Reduce:

Philosophy, rooted in ancient Greek terms 'philein' (to love) and 'sophia' (wisdom), is the oldest science,
encompassing various subjects and questions. It involves claiming beliefs rather than stating opinions,
making it hard to compare philosophers or assert the superiority of one idea over another.

Record:

What is philosophy? Philosophy is the oldest science in history, originating from the ancient Greek
words 'philein' (to love) and 'sophia' (wisdom). It encompasses all subjects and questions, delving into
diverse matters. In contemporary philosophy, various approaches akin to art are embraced. Comparing
philosophers is challenging as philosophy involves asserting beliefs rather than mere opinions, making it
difficult to declare one idea superior to another.
Summrize:

Philosophy, the oldest science, emerges from ancient Greek words for love and wisdom. It covers
diverse subjects and questions, involves asserting beliefs, and makes comparing philosophers
challenging, as it doesn't prioritize opinions.

History of philosohphy
Record:

History of sciences suggests this:

 The progress of time facilitates improvements (George W. F. Hegel).

 Philosophical works from the past, while facing opposition, persist on the contemporary
philosophical scene.
 Despite transformations, their enduring impact signifies their fundamental relevance to human
existence.
 A similar observation can be made about the historical approach to philosophy, which considers
broader political, scientific, and cultural contexts in the emergence and replacement of authors,
systems, and concepts.
 Philosophy is regarded by some as a universal phenomenon, and by others as strictly western
phenomenon

Reduce:

Science history progresses over time. Enduring philosophical works signify relevance. Historical
philosophy considers broader contexts, seen as universal or Western.

Summrize:

Science history progresses, with enduring philosophical works signifying relevance. Historical philosophy
considers broader contexts, perceived as both universal and Western.

Unit 2: Ancient philosophy

The first philosophers
Record:

Philosophy seeks to determine the underlying causes and understanding of various phenomena. It
explores the nature of existence, particularly focusing on human beings as creatures situated in both
time and space. Philosophical inquiry aims to clarify how and why certain phenomena come to be or
exist in specific ways. The Presocratic philosophers, prominent in Ancient Greek thought, were
particularly concerned with the origins and foundational aspects of existence

Reduce:
Philosophy investigates the causes of phenomena, focusing on human existence in time and space. It
aims to clarify how and why things come to be. The Presocratic philosophers in Ancient Greece were
concerned with the origins of existence.

Summrize:

Philosophy delves into the causes of various phenomena, particularly focusing on human existence in
time and space. It seeks to understand the reasons behind the existence of things. The Presocratic
philosophers in Ancient Greece were primarily concerned with the origins of existence.