Visualizing Nutrition Canadian 3rd Edition Grosvenor Test Bank

Visualizing Nutrition Canadian 3rd
Edition Grosvenor Test Bank

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Package Title: Test Bank
Course Title: grosvenor3e
Chapter Number: 07
Question Type: Multiple Choice
1) Which of the following MyPlate food group is the richest source of vitamin
D?
a) Dairy
b) Fruits
c) Grains
d) Protein
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 7.1 Describe sources of vitamins in food.
Learning Objective 2: LO 7.1.1 Discuss the dietary sources of vitamins.
Section Reference 1: Section 7.1 A Vitamin Primer
2) All of the following MyPlate food groups are good sources of vitamin B12
except for the _____ group.
a) Dairy
b) Fruits
c) Protein
d) All of these are good sources of vitamin B12.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
3) All of the following MyPlate food groups are good sources of folate except
for the _____ group.
a) Dairy
b) Fruits
c) Grains
d) Vegetables
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Question Type: True/False
4) Vegetable oils, such as peanut, cotton, and corn oils, are good sources of
vitamin E.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
5)The best food sources of vitamin K are found in the MyPlate Protein and
Vegetables food groups.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
6) Almost all foods contain some vitamins, and all the food groups contain
foods that are good sources of a variety of vitamins.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
7) Not all fortification is mandated by the government.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Medium
8) The amount of a particular vitamin in a food depends on all of the

following EXCEPT
a) how much of the food is consumed.

b) how the food is cooked.
c) how the food is stored.
d) what is added to the food during processing.
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
9) Brian’s need for a vitamin is 100 milligrams each day. The bioavailability
of this vitamin is 35%. This means that Brian needs to consume _____
milligrams each day for this vitamin to meet his needs.
a) 65
b) 100
c) 135
d) 170
Answer: c
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 2: LO 7.1.2 Describe how bioavailability affects vitamin
requirements.
10) For vitamins X and Y, the daily needs are 140 milligrams. The
bioavailability of vitamin X is 45% and for vitamin Y is 20%. Which of the
following statements is correct?
a) Daily intake for vitamin X is higher than vitamin Y

b) Daily intake for vitamin Y is higher than vitamin X
c) Daily intake for vitamin X is the same as vitamin Y
d) None of these statements are true.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
requirements.
11) If the diet is chronically low in fat-soluble vitamins, the bioavailability of

which vitamins will be impacted most?
a) Folate and vitamin B12

b) Thiamin and riboflavin
c) Vitamins A and D
d) Vitamins C and E
Answer: c
Difficulty: Hard
requirements.
12) Most of the water-soluble vitamins are bound to blood proteins for
transport.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Medium
requirements.
13) Vitamin A is incorporated into chylomicrons for transport from the

intestine.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Medium
requirements.

14) Which of the following statements is true regarding this organ?
a) It releases bile to aid in the absorption of fat-soluble nutrients.

b) Some niacin is absorbed here.
c) It secretes digestive enzymes that aid in the release of vitamins from the
food.
d) The bacteria here synthesize small amounts of vitamin B12.
Answer: c
Difficulty: Hard
requirements.
15) Which of the following statements is true regarding this structure?
a) Vitamin E would be incorporated into this micelle for transport to the

brush border.
b) Niacin would be incorporated into this chylomicron for absorption into
the blood capillary.
c) Vitamin A would be incorporated into this chylomicron for transport to
the microvilli.
d) None of these statements are true regarding the highlighted structure.
Answer: a
Difficulty: Hard
requirements.
Question Type: Essay
16) Summarize the absorptive activities of this structure.
Answer:
Difficulty: Hard
Solution: Water-soluble vitamins are absorbed from the small intestine
directly into the blood. Many depend on energy-requiring transport
systems or must bind to specific molecules in the GI tract to be absorbed.
Vitamin B12 is absorbed in the lower portion of the small intestine.

17) Coenzymes bind to enzymes to promote their activity.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 2: LO 7.1.3 Explain the function of coenzymes.
18) All the B vitamins are coenzymes.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
19) Which of the following vitamins have a coenzyme form?
a) Niacin
b) Vitamin A
c) Vitamin D
d) Vitamin K
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy

20) Coenzymes are essential for the proper functioning of numerous
hormones involved in metabolism.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Medium
21) Which of the following is/are antioxidants?
a) Vitamin C
b) Vitamin E
c) Selenium
d) All of these nutrients serve as antioxidants.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 2: LO 7.1.4 Describe the function of antioxidants.
22) An antioxidant is a substance that protects against oxidative damage.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Medium
23) Antioxidants act by enhancing the formation of free radicals.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Medium
24) Which of the following vitamins must be included on the food label?
a) Niacin and thiamin

b) Riboflavin and iron
c) Vitamins A and C
d) Vitamins A and D
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
25) Vitamins C and D are directly involved in converting the energy in

carbohydrate and fat into ATP.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 7.2 Discuss the functions of water-soluble
vitamins, classifying deficiency and toxicity symptoms.
Learning Objective 2: LO 7.2.1 Discuss the role of thiamin, riboflavin, and
niacin for producing ATP.
Section Reference 1: Section 7.2 The Water-Soluble Vitamins
26) Because fat-soluble vitamins are not stored in the body to any great
extent, deficiency symptoms are quick to appear.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Medium
27) Mary needs to increase her thiamin consumption. Which of the

following contains the most thiamin?
a) ¼ c sunflower seeds
b) 3 oz pork chop
c) 3 oz rainbow trout
d) 1 c oatmeal
Answer: b
Difficulty: Hard
28) Clare reads on the food label that the pizza contains enriched flour.
Which of the following nutrients are added back to the flour in the
enrichment process?
a) calcium
b) folate
c) thiamin
d) Vitamin C
Answer: c
Difficulty: Hard
29) The active ______ coenzyme is needed to convert pyruvate into

acetyl-CoA.
a) folate
b) niacin
c) riboflavin
d) thiamin
Answer: d
Difficulty: Hard
30) Which of the following statements regarding thiamin is true?
a) Alcoholics are particularly susceptible to thiamin deficiency because

thiamin absorption is decreased due to the effect the alcohol has the GI
tract.
b) Beriberi is quite common in the U.S.
c) Increasing thiamin intake increases the body’s ability to produce ATP.
d) Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is a thiamin toxicity.
Answer: a
Difficulty: Hard
31) One of the best sources of riboflavin in the diet is milk.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
32) An adequate consumption of riboflavin is crucial for the conversion of

several other vitamins.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Medium
33) Which of the following is NOT a symptom of pellagra?
a) dementia
b) dermatitis
c) diabetes
d) diarrhea
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
34) Niacin is synthesized in the body from the amino acid
a) alanine.
b) leucine.
c) riboflavin.
d) tryptophan.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
35) Which of the following are good sources of niacin?
a) chicken and trout

b) kiwi and apples
c) corn and oatmeal
d) orange juice and spinach
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
36) Niacin supplementation can be toxic.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
37) Raw egg whites contain the protein avidin that binds biotin and prevents
its absorption.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
38) The wide distribution of pantothenic acid in foods makes deficiency rare
in humans.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
39) Pantothenic acid is needed for the breakdown of carbohydrates,

proteins, and amino acids.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
40) Vitamin ___ is important for amino acid synthesis and protein
metabolism.
a) B2
b) B6
c) C
d) B12
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 2: LO 7.2.2 Explain why vitamin B6 is so important for
protein metabolism.
41) Which of the following is not a function of vitamin B6?
a) Synthesis of hemoglobin
b) Synthesis of the myelin sheath
c) Synthesis of collagen
d) Transamination and deamination
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
protein metabolism.
42) Based on the content in this visual, identify each of the three labeled
parts in A:B:C order.
a) cysteine: homocysteine: methionine
b) homocysteine: cysteine: methionine
c) methionine: homocysteine: cysteine
d) methionine: cysteine: homocysteine
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
protein metabolism.

43) High levels of homocysteine in the blood increases cardiovascular risk.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Medium
protein metabolism.
44) Vitamin B6 is needed for transamination and deamination reactions,

and to remove the acid group from amino acids, as illustrated in the figure
provided. What is the significance of each of these types of reactions?
Answer:
Difficulty: Hard
protein metabolism.
Solution: a transamination reactions – synthesize nonessential amino acids
by transferring an amino group to a carbon compound, b deamination
reactions – remove the amino group from amino acids so that the
remaining carbon compound can be used to provide energy or synthesize
glucose, c remove acid group – B6 removes the acid group from amino acids
so that the remaining molecule can be used to synthesize
neurotransmitters.
45) The best food sources for folate and for vitamin B12 are fresh fruits and
vegetables.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 2: LO 7.2.3 Compare the functions of folate and vitamin
B12.
46) Vitamin B12 deficiency is particularly problematic because
a) it causes irreversible brain damage.

b) it causes microcytic anemia.
c) it prevents folate from being converted to one of its active forms.
d) its UL is set too high.
Answer: c
Difficulty: Hard
Section Reference 1: The Water-Soluble Vitamins
B12.
47) Low maternal folate intake increases the risk of birth defects called
neural tube defects.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
B12.
48) Folate coenzymes are needed for the
a) synthesis of collagen.
b) synthesis of RNA.
c) metabolism of some vitamins.
d) synthesis of DNA and metabolism of some amino acids.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
B12.
49) Folate deficiency can lead to macrocytic or megablastic anemia.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Medium
B12.
50) Which of the following populations is not at increased risk of folate

deficiency?
a) The elderly
b) Non-smoking teenage males
c) Pregnant women
d) Alcoholics
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
B12.
51) Megaloblastic anemia is a reduction in the blood’s capacity to carry

oxygen that is characterized by abnormally large immature and mature red
blood cells.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Medium
B12.
52) The Intrinsic Factor is necessary for the absorption of which B vitamin?
a) Folate
b) Niacin
c) Riboflavin
d) Vitamin B12
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
B12.
Di Section Reference 1: Section 7.2 The Water-Soluble Vitamins
53) Based on the information depicted in this visual, describe how a

deficiency or toxicity of either folate or vitamin B12 can affect the
functionality of the other.
Answer:
Difficulty: Hard
B12.
Solution: Vitamin B12 deficiency prevents folate from being converted into
one of its active forms, so vitamin B12 deficiency causes folate to also be
deficient.
54) Which of the following statements regarding vitamin B12 is false?
a) Vitamin B12 is synthesized by the microflora in the large intestine.

b) Vitamin B12 is absorbed in the duodenum section of the small intestine.
c) Vitamin B12 needs the Intrinsic Factor to be absorbed.
d) The body stores and reuses vitamin B12 more efficiently than it does most
other water-soluble vitamins.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
B B12.
55) Which of the following MyPlate food groups is the richest in vitamin B12?
a) Fruits
b) Grains
c) Protein
d) Vegetables
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
B12.
56) When Vitamin C intake is below 10 mg per day, the symptoms of

_______ begin to appear.
a) beriberi
b) pellagra
c) rickets
d) scurvy
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 2: LO 7.2.4 Relate the role of vitamin C in the body to
symptoms of scurvy.
Section Reference 1: The Water-Soluble Vitamins
57) A family member has been taking Vitamin C supplements, but is now
wondering if he should continue to spend money on these supplements.
What have you learned about Vitamin C that might help them with an
evidence-based decision?
a) Excessive supplementation can cause dementia.

b) Vitamin C is known to prevent the common cold.
c) Excessive supplementation can interfere with drugs prescribed to prevent
blood clotting.
d) Excessive supplementation can cause diarrhea and can interfere with
drugs prescribed to slow blood clotting.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium

symptoms of scurvy.
58) The symptoms of vitamin C deficiency include gums that swell and
bleed. Why does this occur?
a) The lack of vitamin C allows bacteria in the mouth to irritate the gums.
b) The lack of vitamin C decreases the pH of the mouth.
c) There is reduced collagen synthesis.
d) There is increased plaque formation around the gums.
Answer: c
Difficulty: Hard
symptoms of scurvy.
59) Collagen is a __________. Vitamin C is necessary to form

___________ that hold adjacent collagen strands together and give
the protein_________.
a) mineral, muscle, strength

b) protein, muscle, structure
c) protein, bonds, strength
d) vitamin, muscle, structure
Answer: c
Difficulty: Hard
symptoms of scurvy.
60) Vitamin C is best known for its role in the synthesis and maintenance of
collagen. What is collagen? How does vitamin C’s role in collagen related to
the symptoms of scurvy?
Answer:
Difficulty: Hard
symptoms of scurvy.
Solution: Collagen is the most abundant protein in the body, and can be
thought of as the glue that holds the body together. It forms the basis of all
connective tissue, the framework for bones and teeth, and is the main
component of scars that bind a wound together. Scurvy is a vitamin C
deficiency disease that is characterized by bleeding gums, tooth loss, joint
pain, and bleeding into the skin and mucous membrane. These symptoms
occur because collagen is not being synthesized.
61) Cells that are deficient in vitamin A become hard and dry because they
produce _______, a protein.
a) retinal
b) opsin
c) keratin
d) xerophthin
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 7.3 Discuss the functions of fat-soluble vitamins,
classifying deficiency and toxicity symptoms.
Learning Objective 2: LO 7.3.1 Explain the role of vitamin A in keeping eyes
healthy.
Section Reference 1: Section 7.3 The Fat-Soluble Vitamins
62) The process whereby immature cells change in structure and function to
become specialized is called
a) cell differentiation.
b) gene expression.
c) night blindness.
d) rhodopsin.
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
healthy.
63) Vitamin A deficiency can result in permanent blindness, as illustrated in

this picture. Discuss blindness from vitamin A deficiency occurs in the
context of vitamin A’s role in tissue formation. Use the following terms in
your answer: epithelial tissue, mucus, differentiation, keratin, and a
definition of xerophthalmia.
Answer:
Difficulty: Hard
healthy.
Solution: Vitamin A is necessary for the maintenance of epithelial tissues
that line the eyes. The lining of the eye normally contains cells that secrete
mucus, which lubricate the eye. When these cells die, immature cells
differentiate to become new mucus-secreting cells that replace the dead
ones. Without vitamin A, the immature cells cannot differentiate normally,
and instead of forming mucus-secreting cells, they become cells that
produce a hard protein called keratin. This results in the surface of the eye
becoming dry and cloudy called xerophthalmia. As xerophthalmia
progresses, the drying of the cornea results in ulceration and
infection, causing irreversible damage to the eye that results in permanent
blindness.
64) Preformed vitamin A includes beta-carotene.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
healthy.
65) Which of the following statements regarding vitamin A is FALSE?
a) Protein and zinc status are important for healthy vitamin A status.
b) Beta-carotene is the most potent vitamin A precursor.
c) Pepsin is necessary to release the vitamin A from protein-based sources.
d) Worldwide, vitamin A deficiency is rare.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
healthy.
66) This visual represents a toxicity of ______ leading the toxicity
disease _______.
a) beta-carotene, hypercarotenemia
b) niacin, pellagra
c) vitamin A, xerophthalmia
d) vitamin D, rickets
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
healthy.
67) Vitamin D deficiency can result in bone deformation in children, as

illustrated in this picture. What is the name of the vitamin D deficiency when
it occurs in children? What are the physical characteristics? What is the
name of the vitamin D deficiency when it occurs in adults? What are the
physical characteristics? Why are the physical characteristics different for
children as compared to adults?
Answer:
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 2: LO 7.3.2 Relate the functions of vitamin D to the
symptoms that occur when it is deficient in the body.
Solution: Rickets is the vitamin D deficiency disease in children, which is
characterized by poor bone development (bones are soft), causing short
stature and bone deformities. Bowed legs occur because the bones are too
weak to support the body. Osteomalacia is the vitamin D deficiency disease
in adults. Osteomalacia does not cause bone deformities because adults are
no longer growing, but rather bones are weakened because not enough
calcium is available to form the mineral deposits needed to maintain
healthy bone. Insufficient bone mineralization leads to fractures of the
weight-bearing bones (hips, spine) in adults.
68) Vitamin D deficiency disease in children is called
a) osteopenia.
b) osteoporosis.
c) osteomalacia.
d) rickets.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
69) Active ________ is required to maintain normal blood calcium and

phosphorus levels.
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin E
c) Vitamin C
d) Vitamin D
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
70) Based on the visual, what effect does active vitamin D have at the small
intestine level?
a) Active vitamin D increases the absorption of calcium and phosphorus.
b) Active vitamin D stimulates calcium retention.
c) Inactive vitamin D is activated.
d) Inactive vitamin D releases calcium and phosphorus into the blood.
Answer: a
Difficulty: Hard

72) When vitamin D is deficient, calcium absorption is greatly affected.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
72) The parathyroid hormone is released to decrease blood calcium levels.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Medium

Difficulty: Medium
73) If you spend too much time in the sun, your body can reach toxic levels of
vitamin D.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Medium

74) Vitamin E protects membranes in red blood cells, white blood cells,
nerve cells, and lung cells. Why are these cells in particular in need of high
amounts of vitamin E?
a) All of these cells are important in fighting infections

b) Oxygen concentrations in these cells are high
c) These cells have an especially high energy need
d) Lipid concentrations in these cells are high
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 2: LO 7.3.3 Describe the function of vitamin E.
75) In its role as an antioxidant, _____ guards cell membranes, body

proteins, DNA, and cholesterol, and thus helps prevent heart disease,
cancer, macular degeneration, and other chronic diseases.
a) thiamin
b) vitamin D
c) Vitamin E
d) Vitamin K
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium

76) Premature infants are at a higher risk of vitamin E deficiency than full-
term babies.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Medium
77) With a severe deficiency of _______, even a bruise or small scratch

could cause you to bleed to death.
a) Vitamin D
b) Vitamin K
c) Vitamin E
d) Vitamin A
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 2: LO 7.3.4 Discuss how vitamins K is involved in blood
clotting.
78) _______is the major symptom of Vitamin K deficiency.
a) Abnormal blood coagulation

b) Anemia
c) Night blindness
d) Rickets
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
clotting.
79) Vitamin K is used more rapidly than other fat-soluble vitamins, so a

constant supply is necessary.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Medium
clotting.
80) To ensure normal blood clotting, newborn babies are typically given a
vitamin K injection.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Medium
clotting.
81) Of the following dieters, who would benefit the most from taking a
multivitamin/multimineral supplement?
a) Robert, who has switched from whole milk to skim milk

b) Robyn, who is on a diet that provides 1800 calories per day
c) Andrew, who is taking the diet supplement Alli with meals
d) Shaundra, who is on a diet that that provides 1200 calories per day
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 7.4 Explain the benefits and risks of vitamin,
mineral, and herbal dietary supplements.
Learning Objective 2: LO 7.4.1 List some population groups that may benefit
from vitamin and mineral supplements.
Section Reference 1: Section 7.4 Meeting Needs with Dietary Supplements
82) The best way to ensure that you meet your nutrient needs without
taking a dietary supplement is to
a) choose foods that are convenient and tasty.

b) choose low-nutrient-dense foods daily.
c) eat a very low calorie, high fiber diet.
d) eat a variety of foods daily.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
83) Supplements of which of the following nutrients may be needed by older

adults?
a) Iron and folic acid

b) Fluoride and vitamin D
c) Vitamin C and vitamin E
d) Vitamin B12, vitamin D, and calcium
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
84) Women of childbearing age should consume _____ daily from

fortified foods or supplements.
a) Folic acid
b) Vitamin D
c) Iron
d) Calcium
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
85) Which of the following is not a good reason why some people may need
to take supplements to meet certain nutrient needs?
a) excess nutrient losses.

b) increased nutrient needs
c) low nutrient intakes
d) to be free from worry about their food choices
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
86) Dietary supplements provide energy, protein, minerals, and

phytochemicals in addition to vitamins.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
87) There are no known risks to taking dietary supplements.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
88) Smokers have higher vitamin C needs than nonsmokers.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Medium
89) Before taking medicinal herbs one should consult with a medical doctor
to be sure there are no known food and drug interactions.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
90) Dietary supplements have regulations that are _____strict as

compared to drugs.
a) Less
b) Equally
c) More
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 2: LO 7.4.2 Explain how the safety of dietary
supplements is monitored.
91) The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act accomplished which
of the following?
a) Defined the term dietary supplement AND established safety standards

for manufacturing practices.
b) Defined the term dietary supplement AND created standards for labeling
products.
c) Defined the term dietary supplement AND established safety standards
for manufacturing practices AND created standards for labeling products.
d) Established safety standards for manufacturing practices AND created
standards for labeling products.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
92) The FDA approves the safety and effectiveness of supplements before
they are marketed.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Medium
93) Herbs may decrease the effectiveness of some medications.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Medium

94) When reading the label of dietary supplements you should examine all
of the following before considering their use, EXCEPT:
a) the expiration date.

b) nutrients that are at or under 100 % of the Daily Value.
c) nutrients that exceed 100% of the Daily Value and exceed the UL.
d) toxic levels of nutrients.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 2: LO 7.4.3 Evaluate the safety of a dietary supplement
using a Supplement Facts Panel.
95) A friend of yours shows you this Supplement Facts panel from a
supplement marketed to reduce appetite and therefore promote weight
loss. Which of the following statements is NOT one that you should share
with your friend regarding the efficacy of this supplement?
a) This product isn’t recommended as it contains more than 100% of the DV
for vitamin B6 and panthothenic acid.
b) I don’t recommend you use the product as it contains a number of
ingredients that are not vitamins and minerals and therefore have no Daily
Value or UL amounts.
c) The FDA monitors the label, so it should be safe to take.
d) I don’t recommend you take it because losing weight is all about lessening
the number of kcalories you eat while increasing the number kcalories you
burn.
Answer: c
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 2: LO 7.4.3 Evaluate the safety of a dietary supplement
using a Supplement Facts Panel.
96) Advocates of herbal supplements feel that the wide availability allows
people more control of their own health care. What are some limitations of
this availability?
Answer:
Difficulty: Hard
Solution: Answers will vary, but include a discussion on the safety and
labeling of the supplements, the interactions with other herbs and
prescription medications, and cost of not seeking or following the advice of
a physician.
97) Hippocrates recommended garlic, which is shown in this picture, for

treating pneumonia and other infections. Although it is recognized now that
garlic is not effective in treating these conditions, what health promoting
property has recently been demonstrated for garlic? Who should avoid garlic
supplements?
Answer:
Difficulty: Hard
Solution: Recent research has shown that garlic may lower blood
cholesterol. Therefore, those with heart disease or at heart disease risk may
benefit from taking garlic supplements. Supplements could be harmful for
people undergoing treatment for HIV infection, and could lead to
bleeding in those taking the blood-thinning drug warfarin (Coumadin).
98) Herbal supplements are popular as a “natural” remedy for a variety of

illnesses. Your family is planning a trip to Walt Disney World and your aunt
gets motion sickness on airplanes. She read that ginger helps to alleviate
motion sickness. Based on your increased knowledge about herbal
supplements, would you recommend that your aunt take the ginger? Why
or why not?
Answer:
Difficulty: Hard
Solution: Answers will vary, but could include the side effects of taking
ginger (gas, bloating, heartburn, and nausea); that herbal supplements as
with all dietary supplements are not regulated by the government; and that
the research is limited on the effectiveness of ginger in the alleviation of
motion sickness.

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Question Type: Multiple Choice

Question Type: True/False

7) Not all fortification is mandated by the government.

Question Type: Multiple Choice

8) The amount of a particular vitamin in a food depends on all of the

a) how much of the food is consumed.

a) Daily intake for vitamin X is higher than vitamin Y

11) If the diet is chronically low in fat-soluble vitamins, the bioavailability of

a) Folate and vitamin B12

Question Type: True/False

13) Vitamin A is incorporated into chylomicrons for transport from the

Question Type: Multiple Choice

a) It releases bile to aid in the absorption of fat-soluble nutrients.

a) Vitamin E would be incorporated into this micelle for transport to the

16) Summarize the absorptive activities of this structure.

Question Type: True/False

18) All the B vitamins are coenzymes.

Question Type: Multiple Choice

19) Which of the following vitamins have a coenzyme form?

Question Type: True/False

Question Type: Multiple Choice

21) Which of the following is/are antioxidants?

Question Type: True/False

22) An antioxidant is a substance that protects against oxidative damage.

Question Type: Multiple Choice

a) Niacin and thiamin

Question Type: True/False

25) Vitamins C and D are directly involved in converting the energy in

Question Type: Multiple Choice

27) Mary needs to increase her thiamin consumption. Which of the

29) The active ______ coenzyme is needed to convert pyruvate into

30) Which of the following statements regarding thiamin is true?

a) Alcoholics are particularly susceptible to thiamin deficiency because

Question Type: True/False

31) One of the best sources of riboflavin in the diet is milk.

32) An adequate consumption of riboflavin is crucial for the conversion of

Question Type: Multiple Choice

33) Which of the following is NOT a symptom of pellagra?

34) Niacin is synthesized in the body from the amino acid

35) Which of the following are good sources of niacin?

a) chicken and trout

36) Niacin supplementation can be toxic.

Question Type: True/False

39) Pantothenic acid is needed for the breakdown of carbohydrates,

Question Type: Multiple Choice

41) Which of the following is not a function of vitamin B6?

Question Type: True/False

Question Type: Essay

44) Vitamin B6 is needed for transamination and deamination reactions,

Question Type: True/False

Question Type: Multiple Choice

46) Vitamin B12 deficiency is particularly problematic because

a) it causes irreversible brain damage.

Question Type: True/False

Question Type: Multiple Choice

48) Folate coenzymes are needed for the

Question Type: True/False

49) Folate deficiency can lead to macrocytic or megablastic anemia.

Question Type: Multiple Choice

50) Which of the following populations is not at increased risk of folate

51) Megaloblastic anemia is a reduction in the blood’s capacity to carry