07.intermediate Welding Symbols ALU Compressed

WSA Study Guide JS2.2 $.
Intermediate Welding Symbols
Table of Contents
Introduction 4
Lesson1
Objectives 5
1. Fundamental Concepts
1.1 WeldSymbols
1.2 Supplementary Symbols 10
1.3 Welding Symbols 11
2. Types of Joints and Welds 14

2.1 Types of Joints 14
2.2 Types of Welds 16
2.21 Groove Weld 16
2.2.2 Fillet Weld 20
2.2.3. Plugand Slot Welds 20
2.2.4. Surfacing Weld 2%
3. Arrow Side/Other side 22
4. Fillet Welds 24
4.1 Equal Leg Size 25
4.2 Unequal Leg Size 25
4.3 Intermittent Fillet Welds 27
4.3.1 Basic Intermittent Fillet Welds 28
4.3.2 Chain Intermittent Fillet Welds 28
4.3.3 Staggered Intermittent Fillet Welds 29
5. Exercises 30
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WSA Study Guide JS2.2
Table of Contents
Lesson 2
Objectives 35
6. Groove Welds 35
6.1 Back-Gouging 37
6.2 Partial Joint Penetration Groove Welds 38
6.3 Combined Welding Symbols 42
6.4 Bevelled Joints 44
6.5 Multiple Reference Lines 45
6.6 Flare Groove Welds 46
7. Exercises 47
8. Other Welds 52
8.1 PlugWelds 52
8.2 Slot Welds 55
8.3 Stud Welds 61
8.4: Surfacing 63
8.5 BrazedJoints 64
9. Nondestructive Examination 65
10. Introduction to ISO 2553-1 66
Exercise Answers 75
Exam Exercise 80
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WSA Study Guide JS2.2 cwbinsttute
Introduction
This publication has been prepared primarily to assist personnel qualify
as welding supervisors under the provisions of CSA Standard W47.2,
Certificagtion oƒ companies for the ƒusion welding oƒ aluminum.
Other personnel, such as welding inspectors, engineers and those

responsible for quality, will find this publication beneficial.
lt contains background information on welding symbols referenced in

Canadian and International Standards. This document ïs not intended
to replace study courses, reference books or other pertinent technical
literature which supervisors are encouraged to read.
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WSA Studý Guide JS2.2 ($
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Objectives
Lesson 1
After completing this lesson you should be able to:
Identify the different types of joints and welds
+..ss$s$
Describe the key elements of a welding symbol
Explain the concept of the arrow side and other side of a joint
Describe the symbols used for continuous and intermittent fillet welds
1. Fundamental Concepts
Welding symbols are a universal system of signs, rules and conventions
for conveying and placing information on drawings. They are intended to
facilitate communication between the designer, fabrication and inspection
personnel and provide the means for graphical representation of welds,
brazes and nondestructive methods on drawings.
The symbols do not eliminate the need for appropriate interaction

between the design, drafting and production personnel and any issues
should be resolved before production starts. To avoid costly redesign and/
Or repairs, symbols must be understood and used. It is important that all
relevant personnel in the manufacturing chain be trained and familiarized
with the concepts and application of welding symbols.
⁄2
rêm Typical welding symbol
In welding symbols terminology there are three standard terms that need
to be clearly understood. They are:
$ weldsymbols
$ supplementary symbols
$ welding symbols
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WSA Study Guide JS2.2 $ cwtipgttute
1.1 Weld Symbols

Weld symbols designate and graphically identify each type of weld. The
shape of the weld symbol is drawn to reflect the configuration of the
fusion faces, as seen in vertical cross section of the joint. This is illustrated
†or fillet, plug and groove welds in Figure 2.
`7 Fillet weld
`7XN V-groove weld
` C Back or backing weld 2A.
_ LÊ Weld symboks for fillet, plug, V-groove and back or backing welds
& Page õ
The weld symbols and corresponding welds for bevel groove, square
groove, U-groove and J-groove welds are shown in Figure 3.
Single bevel groove weld
Square groove weld
ò | | ` Square groove
'U' groove weld
"g ‹ “Yw..
"J' groove weld
"999v ẽW..
KÊm Weld symbols for bevel, square, U- and -groove welds
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WSA Study Guide JS2.2 cwbinstitute
The weld symbols and corresponding welds for groove, surfacing and arc
spot welds are shown in Figure 4.
v
Flare-
V - groove weld
Flare bevel
groove weld
Surfacing welds ï ˆ
Weld symbols ƒor flare groove and surfacing welds

Ỹ
In the placing of weld symbols on the reference line there is one important
convention that must be observed for weld symbols that have one vertical
line in their make-up. The rule requires that the vertical line must always
be on the left side in the weld symbol. The weld symbols shown in Figure
5 are incorrect because the vertical line is to the right of weld symboil.
LÊ Incorrect Welding symbols
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VWSA Study Guide JS2.2
The types of welds covered by the Standard AWS A2.4, Standard

Symbols for Welding, Brazing and Nondestructive Examination, and the
corresponding basic weld symbols are shown in Figure 6.
Groove Welds
Square Scarf* Bevel
„1. .V..
“I -KC
U J Flare-V Prs
Bevel
x...L.x=...z.
x. R. 4v ' Ị TVXV
Fillet Plug Slot Spot or

Projection
Back or
Surfacing
Backing
lvmn
xxx¬
r7:
* Used predominantly in brazed joints,
G6, Basic Weld symbols

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AWSA Study Guide JS2.2

1.2 Supplementary Symbols

nction with a welding
Supplementary symbols are always used in conju
ete the weld.
symbol, and provide additional information to compl
Examples are shown in Figures 7 and 8.
»N Weld all around
»_—. Field weld
Nụ
}`Y© fillet weld and melt-through
K Supplementary symbols for weld all around,
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2N Backing bar
“ m
À Contour - convex am .
: Vã `N Contour - concave _
G8] Supplementary symbols Jor a backing bar

ond Jor flot, convex ønd concave weld
contours.
1.3 Welding Symbols

Welding symbols provide information
with respect to the geometry of
preparation, fit-rup and welding of joint
s. There are three key elements;
the arrow, the reference line and the tail
(see Figure 9). However, only
the reference line and the arrow are requ
ired elements, as the welding
information may be conveyed by other
means such as drawing notes or
details, specifications, standards, codes
or other drawings. These other
means eliminate the need to include the corr
esponding elements in the
welding symbol.
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Ï
ng
Reference line N ⁄
ArroOw
BẠN
Tail ,?À
xxx.
Arrowhead
KrÊn Key elements of a welding symbol
ble:
The tail of the symbol is typically used for specifving the applica
welding, brazing and cutting process.

$2s.s+es$s
specification.
procedure.
supplementary information.
, peening or other
The process data may include filler metal, back-gouging
known.
operations, and other pertinent data that should be
is normally
The notation placed in the tail dealing with this data
established by the user.
ing reference
All the basic elements of a typical welding symbol, includ
locations, are
to supplementary symbols and their specific, designated
does not imply
shown in Figure 10. The reference to a designated location
mandatory use in every welding symbol.
location, or area
The arrow of the welding symbol must point to a line,
to be welded.
that specifically identifies the joint, location, or area
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WSA 3tudy Guide JS2.2
Finish symbol
Contour symbol
Root opening;
Effective groove depth of filling for Length of weld
° h Groove angle;
weld size 9 /. plug and slotwelds
Included angle of
countersink for „Pltch (centre to centre
Depth of preparation; plug welds spacing) of welds
size or strength for |s ¬ã
/
certain welds
A / „Field weld symbol
Specification, process,
T S(E){:AI =5}
⁄=—
or other Feference) ø Gốm Weld all around symbol
Tail
L—-P 1
/fs — Ạ
(may be omitted ve
/ {§ C3 }
reference is not used) Á |
x< 2,
Basic weld symbol
!
Reference line
or detail reference (N)
Arrow connecting
reference line to arrow
Number of spot, stud, side member of joint or
or projection welds arrow side of joint
Elements in this area remain
LÁ
as shown when tail and
arrOw are reversed
tê 5tandard location oƒ the elements 0ƒ a welding symbol
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WSA Study Guide JS2.2 cwbinsttute
2. Types of Joints and Welds
2.1 Types of Joints

In order to know how to apply and read welding symbols, it is necessary to
understand the meaning of joints, their types, and the types of applicable
welds.
AWS A3.0, Welding Terms and Definitions, describe a joint as the “junction
of members or the edges of members that are to be or have been joined”.
The reference to “junction of members” describes the area of common

contact between the tựo members as shown in Figure 11.
The assembly on the right of Figure 11 consists of three plates. How many
Joints are there?
Select your answer from the following, and then read below for the
correct answer:
One joint only

$2.Y.$+vs.es.
Two joints
Three joints
Four joints
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Answers and comments on the answers
One Joint only - No. You are thinking of one assembly that after welding
will form one weldment. A weldment is an assembly whose component
parts are joined by welding.
Two Joints - This answer is correct. The three plates form two joints. The
actual joint is the faying area in contact with the centre plate.
Three Joints - No. You are considering three plates, which form part of the
assembly.
Four Joints - No. Perhaps you are considering each side of the joint. For
example, there are four sides where fillet welds could be made. However,
these are only two areas of faying surfaces.
There are five basic joints, although many variations of these result from
the manner of preparation and assembly. These five joints shown in Figure
12, are termed butt joint, corner joint, tee joint, lap joint and edge joint.
Corner joint
Butt joint
_-
Lap joint
em.—
Edge joint
G12) The five basic joints
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2.2 Types of Welds

The basic types of welds are:
Groove weld
$.s.veses
Fillet weld
Plug and slot welds
Surfacing weld
2.2.1 Groove Weld

A groove weld is defined as “a weld made in the groove between two
members to be joined”. There are many different shapes of grooves.
Figure 13 shows one type of groove weld.
màn A groove weld
Groove welds can be classified as shown in Figure 14:
s In terms of efficiency:
$ complete joint penetration groove welds (CJP)

$ partial joint penetration groove welds (PJP)
In terms of shape:
Square
,sợụoe.s.$ov.$_
Bevel
”t
“ự”
“U”
Flare bevel
Flare ~V and
Flare bevel fillet
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WSA Study Guide JS2.2 4$ cwbingtute
Intermediate Welding Symbols Lá
1. Groove welds
Shape Efficiency
Single Double
Square lu, 5... 5> 4N mm

1. Complete joint penetration
Bo TW, Nh li
"J9. “UIN 552 4ỊN 2. Parfial joint penetration
V-
. am"
Nhu. KMƯỔI
Flare V- . q2
G14 Classification oƒ groove welds
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Groove welds may be single or double sided as shown in Figures 15A and
15B.
Single square-groove weld Single bevel-groove weld
-4
Single V-groove weld Single V-groove weld (with backing)
Single J-groove weld Single U-groove weld
Single flare-bevel groove weld Single flare-V-groove weld
rằm Sïngle sided groove welds
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Double square-groove weld Double bevel-groove weld
Double V-groove weld Double J-groove weld
Double U-groove weld
Doubile flare-V-groove weld
trằm Double sided groove welds
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2.2.2 Fillet Weld

A fillet weld is a weld of approximately triangular cross-section Jjoining two
surfaces approximately at right angles to each other in a lap joint, tee joint
or corner joint as shown in Figure 16.
Corner joint ⁄2
G16 Filllet welds
2.2.3 Plug and Slot Welds

A plug weld is a weld made in a circular hole in one member of a joint
fusing that member to another member. A slot weld is similar to a plug
weld except that the hole is elongated (see Figure 17).
In preparation for plug and slot welds, holes or slots are made in the
upper plate. On thinner material such welds can be made without holes or
slots and are called arc spot and arc seam welds, in which the upper sheet
Ñ is melted and fused to the lower sheet.

Plug weld
EG17| Plug weld and slot welds
2.2.4 Surfacing Weld

All welds are composed of one or more weld beads, a bead being a single
run or pass of weld metal. A weld bead or beads may be applied to a
surface, as opposed to making a joint, to obtain the desired properties or
dimensions. Sụch a weld is called a “surfacing weld”, as shown in Figure
18.
Loader bucket
Drill collar Post Hole Auger Teeth
iG.18. Surfocing welds
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. Intermediate Welding Symbols
3. Arrow Side/Other Side

In working with symbols, the first step is to locate the joint i.e. the area of
common contact between the members to be welded and identified by
the arrow.
The second step is to look for the information connected to the reference
line.
The arrow side of the joint is the side to which the arrow points. The
Opposite side is the other side of the joint.
Figure 19 illustrates the arrow side and the other side of a fillet weld.
Otherside /⁄
Arrow side N
FiG.19] Jllustration oƒ the arrow side and the other side oƒ a fillet weld
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The other side of a Joint is determined by following the joint line from the
arrow side to the other side as shown in Figure 20.
(a) Butt Joint Other side

Arrow side
Arrow side
Other side (b) Corner joint
Arrow side
Other side
Arrow side
(c) T-Joint
Other side
Arrow side
(d) Lap Joint

Other side
Arrow side
Other side
Other side
(e) Edge joint v⁄ó T7
Arrow side -
Other side
FiG.20 Arrow side/other side of joints

WSA Study Guide JS2.2 ® cwbinstitute
Because of the importance of understanding the arrow and other sides of

a joint, an example using a cruciform joint is shown in Figure 21.
G21 Cruciform joint
4. Fillet Welds
The fillet weld size “S” must be shown for each weld symbol on the same
s side of the reference line as the weld symbol.
The size must appear to the left of each weld symbol. When the fillet
welds are on both sides of the joint, their sizes must be specified whether
the dimensions are identical or different.
InG.22| Fillet weld size

WSA Study Guide JS2.2 (4 ĐỒN cuwbinstute
4.1 Equal Leg Size

When the weld size is indicated on the weld symbol, both legs are that
size.
- s 12mm
rêm Equal Leg Fillet Welds
4.2 Unequal leg size

Designers may require the leg sizes to be different and this must be
identified on the welding symbol. The size of a fillet weld “S” with unequal
legs is also specified to the left of the weld symbol.
To avoid guessing which size is applicable to each leg and for clarity
purposes, weld orientation is shown on the drawing.
15
mm Unequal leg fillet welds 1=]
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Three applications of fillet weld symbols are shown in Figure 25.
—- A
Desired welds Symbol
(A) Fillet weld in hole (or slot)
3/4
3/16
(B) Double fillet weld symbols for one Joint
3/8 EP 3/16 1/4

lu 3/18
3⁄8
5/16
(C) Double fillet weld symbols for two Joints
riG.25| Application oƒ fillet weld symbols
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VWSA Study Guide JS2.2 4o c"bingdtute
h Intermediate Welding Symbols
4.3 Intermittent Fillet Welds

Intermittent fillet welds can be divided into three types, with the last two
being applicable to double fillet welds:
1. basicintermittent filiet welds, applicable to a single line of fillet welds;

2. chain intermittent fillet welds,
3. staggered intermittent fillet welds
la fillet weld extends for the full length of the Joint, there is no need to
specify length on the welding symbol. The lengths and position of the fillet
welds are placed next to the fillet weld symbol — the size to the left and
length or pitch to the right.
The pitch of intermittent fillet welds is defined as the distance between

the centres of adjacent weld segments on one side of the joint and is
specified to the right of the length dimension on the symbol
lf the arrow side and the other side of the joint are to be welded using
intermittent filiet welds, a pitch must be designated for each side or, in
other words, for each line of weld.
The symbols and dimensions for intermittent fillet welds are shown in
Figure 26.
Weld size
10. }N 75150. Z
10.12 75-150. \
Weld length ⁄ Nm. pitch
mm Intermittent fillet weld symbols
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“— . WSA Study Guide JS2.2 ® cwbinstftute
4.3.1 Basic Intermittent Fillet Welds

The basic intermittent fillet weld has one line ofwelds.
4.3.2 Chain Intermittent Fillet Welds

The distinguishing characteristic of chaïn intermittent fillet welds is the
alignment of weld segments, which must be opposite one another across
the joint as shown in Figure 27.
FG.27] Chain Intermittent ƒillet welds
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WSA Study Guide JS2.2 4 cwbinstitute
CC
4.3.3 Staggered Intermittent Fillet

Welds
Staggered intermittent ñillet welds also involves double-fillet welds in two
lines; however, the centres of weld segments on each side of the joint are
offset in relation to one another.
This is reflected in the fillet weld symbols, which are offset on opposite
sides of the reference line. The dimensions of staggered intermittent fillet
welds are specified on both sides of the reference line.
There is no significance attached to the onset of staggering, as to whether

¡t should commence on the arrow side or on the other side of the joint.
Figure 28 shows a typical joint to illustrate this concept.
10. 75-150
riG.29, Staggered intermittent fillet vvelds
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5. Exercises
Complete the following exercises. The answers are provided at the end of
the learning unit.
Exercise 1
Draw the appropriate symbol for the weld shown.
&======] =<——=¬ 5/16
5/16
Exercise 2
Draw the appropriate symbol for the welds shown.
1⁄4 38
3/8
1/4
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WSA Study Guide JS2.2 4$ cwbinstitute
Intermediate Welding Symbols -
Exercise 3
Draw the appropriate symbols for the welds shown.
sr6 3/16
5/16 1/4
Exercise 4
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Exercise 5
Select the welding symbol that corresponds to the fillet welds shown
2 2 2
JKcEg] 4Iz4| [me]
6 6
a) b) 2-4
”⁄ P 2-6
G) g)
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Exercise 6
Select the welding symbol that corresponds to the fillet welds shown.
1 6 l 6 J
lười] | | | |
| ||
2 2 2
a) 2-B. b) 2 6
6 2
c) 2 (6) d) 2-6
2 (6) 2-6
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WSA Study Guide JS2.2 $` eunTeixe |

Exercise 7
Select the welding symbol that corresponds to the fillet welds shown.
8. 12
_ |
-
J9ovp] —i
2 2 2 2
a) 2-12 b) ø„ t2
2-12 2-12
|
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WSA Study Guide JS2.2 `
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4%
Objectives
ATter completing this lesson you should be able to:
$ Describe the symbols used for complete and partial joint penetration
groove welds
$ Explain the use of combined symbols and multiple reference lines
$ Describe the symbols used for plug welds, slot welds and stud welds
$ Identify the welding symbols referenced in ISO 2553-1
6. Groove Welds
The elements that define groove welds are:
$ The depth of preparation, also described as the depth of chamfer, on

each side of the joint (arrow side and other side) and designated by
the capital letter “S”,
$ Thebevel or groove angle, the angle at which member preparation is

made.
$ Theroot opening, the space required for proper fitting of the two
members in the joint, with the primary objective to provide adequate
access for welding and proper fusion in the root area.
In the example shown in Figure 29, the depth of preparation is 9 mm,

the groove angle is 60 degrees and the root opening is 3 mm. Note the
location of dimensions in relation to the symbol.
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cếrSu
60°
9mm NZ ..
—I| _ 3mm
G29, Groove welding symbol
The completed weld for the welding symbol is shown in Figure 30.
FiG.30 Completed groove weld
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WSA Study Guide JS2.2 ($ ) cwbinstitute
6.1 Back-Gouging
When back-gouging is required, the welding symbol must include a
reference to back-gouging in the tail as shown in Figure 31. For non-
symmetrical double groove welds, the symbol needs to show the required
groove depth for each side of the joint and include the required groove
angles. For both single groove welds and symmetrical double groove
welds without root faces, the welding symbol does not need to show the
depth of groove dimensions. Reference to notes can be included in the tail
of the welding symbol.
“Ban
`N gouge
>
NỤỘIN
A^ˆ
GTSM
›
(Gouge to sound metal)
See note 1.
>
LAN
Backgouging
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6.2 Partial Joint Penetration Groove

Welds
When used, the depth of preparation “S” and groove weld size “(E)” are
placed to the left of the weld symbol as shown in Figure 32.
The groove weld size (E) may have different terms associated with ït. It
used to be called the throat of a groove weld. CSA Standard W59, refers to
it as “effective throat” or “Joint penetration”. The AWS A3.0 defines it as
“loint penetration”.
In a practical sense, achievement of the size of (E) depends largely on the

root geometry of the joint, the welding process, and the parameters of the
welding procedure.
- 3mm
FiG.32: Symbols for groove weld depth oƒ prepøration ønd penetration
Page 38
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WSA Study Guide JS2.2 đế

S%ồ s œe
The application of the depth of groove and groove weld size is illustrated
in Figures 33 and 34.
The size (E) is measured from the top of the plate to the furthest point
where the weld penetrates the joint. The value of (E) may be less than “S?
(see Figure 33); however, it may also be greater than “S” (see Figure 34).
—IR3mm
45°
10(6) lá
Fio.23] Applicgtion oƒ depth oƒ preparation and groove weld size (E) smaller than “S7
Page 39
1/4 (3/8)
1⁄4
3/8 Groove weld size -_

Desired weld Symbol
1/4 (7/16)
1/4 (7/18)
Groove weld size im Ni 1/4
Groove weld size ha nư x 1/4

Desired weld Symbol
FiG. 34 Application oƒ depth oƒ preparation and groove weld size (E) greater than “S7
In the most common welding symbol use, both the depth of preparation
and the groove weld size will be found. These symbols will apply equally
to single- and double-groove welds; however, they are typically more
prevalent ïn cases of partial penetration than complete penetration
grooves. Examples of double-sided welds and the corresponding welding
symbols are shown in Figure 35.
Page 40
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WSA Study Guide JS2.2 "(2> cwbinsitute
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Intermediate Welding Symbols M
12414)
12 (10)
Desired weld Symbol
3⁄4 (7/8)
1(3/4) ‹ P
G 1 (3/4)
3⁄4 (7/8) z«
Desired weld Symbol
F35: Double groove welds in joïnts with partial joint penetrgtion
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The joints may have partial penetration or complete penetration,

depending on thickness and penetration characteristics of the welding
process used.
Another area of potential application of this type of symbol on shop

drawings is for grooves welded mainly from one side and requiring only
a one-pass weld from the other side. This latter weld may be a square-
groove weld, if the fusion faces in the root are the remaining parts of the
original square-cut preparation.
10(12)
18 (20)
18 (20)
10(12)
Desired weld Symbol
1/2 (3/8)
a5 Square-groove
3/61 weld has no
ii preparation
8 hence "8" does
381+~ 1 not appear in
the symbol
(3/9)
1/2 (3/6)
Desired weld Symbol
FiG.36] Square-groove welds - only groove weld specified
6.3 Combined Welding Symbols

Depending on their complexity, joints may require one or more than one
type of weld symbol. For joints requiring more than one type of weld, a
symbol must be used to specify each weld. This rule is illustrated by the
welding symbols in Figure 37.
Page 42
WSA Study Guide JS2.2 Ị nstitute
ưng bên
—
Desired weld Symbol
(A) Back or backing, single-J-groove and fillet weld symbols
3
Desired weld Symbol
(B) Fillet and double-bevel-groove weld symbols
r.
Desired weld Symbol

(C) Single-bevel-groove and double-fillet weld symbols
6.27) Combined welding symbols

4 WSA Study Guide JS2.2 ® cwbinstitute
kh im
6.4 Bevelled Joints

Would you accept the joint preparations shown in Figure 38, based on the
welding symbol shown?
- 12mm
(b)
FiG.38: Bevelled Joints
Figure 38 (a) - No, the arrow of the welding symbol should point to the
— edge that is to be prepared. The other plate should have been bevelled.
Figure 38 (b) - Yes, in this case it is apparent that only one oï the two
plates can be bevelled (the vertical plate) and the arrow does not have to
point to the edge that is to be bevelled.
Page 44
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( 4® v
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6.5 Multiple Reference Lines

The objective of multiple reference lines is to provide the welding symbol
with the capability to specify the sequence of welding operations, as well
as to provide additional information related to the examination of welds
Or other operations.
The rule that applies to sequencing states that the first operation is
to shown on the reference line closest to the arrow. All subsequent
operations follow the same sequencing order as the reference lines
move away from the arrow. In the example shown in Figure 39, the first
operation is the welding of the single-bevel groove weld on the arrow
side, then the filiet weld on the other side and lastly the fillet weld
reinforcement on the arrow side.
⁄N
GTSM
mm Multiple reference lines
Page 45
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, WSAStudy Guide JS2.2 ® cwbinstitute
6.6 Flare Groove Welds

With the increasing use of hollow structural sections and circular or
tubular profiles in welded fabrication, the application of flare bevel groove
welds seem to follow this trend. There are two basic types of flare-
grooves: flare-bevel and flare-V-groove welds. The weld symbols for these
grooves also reflect the shape of the joint which contains them (see Figure
40). There is no preparation involved for these grooves, as their curved
configuration forms a joint in a natural way.
6mm \ 15(6)/ ‹
| 15mm
Effective
Throat
Radius of
the bar
EiG.40) Flare-V and ƒflare-bevel welds
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7. Exercises
Exercise 8
Exercise 9
3⁄4 5/8
TH
Page 47 |
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Exercise 10
¡
† 21/8
R
.- —
21/8
Ậ
†
Exercise 11
Draw the weld indicated by the welding symbol shown.
3⁄8
3⁄4
Page 45
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Exercise 12
Draw the weld indicated by the welding symbol shown.
11/4
—⁄ˆ¬ 3/8
1/4 (9/18)
1/4 (9/18)
3⁄8
Exercise 13
Select the symbol that corresponds to the illustration shown.
60°
d s 1/8
ni GTSM
1/8
60°
s GTSM 9) „⁄ Z S"!
18 18
60°
2015 CWB Group Industry

WSA Study Guide JS2.2 ® cwbieitite
Exercise 14
Select the welding symbol that corresponds to the illustration shown
a) 3/8 x 5/8
3/8 x 5/8
d) 3/8 (5/8)
3/8 (5/8)
Exercise 15
Page 50
WSA Stldy Guide JS2.2
(4® cwbinsttute
Intermediate Welding Symbols $
Exercise 16
Select the symbol that corresponds to the welds shown.
Exercise 17
Draw the appropriate symbol for the welds shown.
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WB Group Industry Services

WSA Study Guide JS2.2 cwbinstitute
8. Other Welds
8.1 Plug Welds

Plug welds are other types of welds produced by an electric arc welding
process. Although not used as extensively as groove and fillet welds, they
have found their own area of application in welded construction.
A plug weld can be defined as “a weld made in a circular hole in one

member of a joint fusing that member to another member.” Slot welds are
made ïn an elongated hole and the hole may be open at one end. Fillet-
welded holes do not conform to these definitions.
Plug and slot welds share the same shape of weld symbol, which is
represented by a rectangle, irrespective of whether the fusion faces inside
the hole or slot are perpendicular or sloping.
Arrow-side holes to be plug welded are specified by placing the plug weld
symbol below the reference line and other-side holes are specified by
placing the plug weld symbol above the reference line.
Dimensions that must be identified are the:

$ diameter at the root
$ pitch
$ angle of countersink and
$ depth of ñiIl
The location of the elements of a plug weld welding symbol are shown in
Figure 41.
Page 5 2
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WSA Stuidy Guide JS2.2
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Plug diameter .
_Ø501201200.
the at root phơi
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Angle of
countersink
⁄2 Depth of filling
when not complete
rên Location oƒ the elements oƒ ø plug weld symbol
The plug welding symbol and dimensions and the finished plug weld
are
shown in Figure 42.
45° ⁄
Ø50L T200. `
459
l 200 l
i42] Dimensioned plug weld and the finished weld
WSA Study Guide JS2.2 ® lề H
Figures 43 shows the application of a plug weld symbol when combined

with dimension lines and specified dimensions for diameter, depth of
filling and the centre-to-centre spacing or pitch. In this example, the plug
weld size is 40 mm diameter, the depth of fill is 16 mm and the pitch is 160
mm.
1600
9 @ 160 = 1440
Desired welds Detail A 40 —: mi
Ø40 160 This note is

optional
1800 s
25 —zse. ⁄ 1440 \ _P<
—*| F" ẹx ⁄ Last phg $
đ8ổ h Ạ
l_— ma 200
Y._.IIY.
- Ỉ : 100
Ậ 100
Y 1i
DetailA - Elevation
Symbol and dimensioning

tàn Plug weld example
Page 54
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8.2 Slot Welds
Slot Weld Example #1
What is the required depth of fill for this slot weld?
5@8=3'-4
RE 1
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17] v7 SectionB-B
rm Slot weld depth oƒ fill
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3/4 172 See Detall A

31
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ồ ¬ 12L ] B
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3/4
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3/4
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Detail A
FIG45i Slot weld depth oƒ ill answer
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What is the pitch of these slot welds?
3⁄4 4 5@8z3-4" 4
3⁄4 See Detail A
B BNÃ B
L | | 1 † ;- ễ
4| 3 | * C Ị 1] 1/2
YỊI|J| ˆ
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Detail A
rêm Slot weld pitch
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The pitch is 8” and there are 5 spaces between the 3' 4” distance.
3/4 4 5@8=3--4" 4
=
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Page 58
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-
What is the length of this slot weld?
3⁄4 4 5@8z=3-4 4
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Detail A
rên Slot weld length
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WSA Study Guide JS2.2 4®“ cwbingiitute
$
The length of the slot weld is 4“
3/4 4 5@8=3-4" 4
3/4 See Detail A

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6.49 Slot weld length gnswer
Page 60
WSA Study Guide JS2.2 S ) ewbinsttute
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8.3 Stud Welds

Size Spacing
Number
riG.50i Location oƒ the elements oƒ ø stud welding symbol
Stud welding can be defined as “Joining a metal stud or similar part to a

workpiece.” Welding may be accomplished by arc, resistance, fricion or
other process with or without external gas shielding. Arc stud welding is
the more widely used process.
The stud symbol is always placed below the reference line and the arrow
of the welding symbol points to the surface to which the stud is to be
welded.
The only dimensions discussed in the stud welding symbol are the size,
spacing and the number of studs, all placed on the same side of the
reference line as the stud weld symbol.
The required diameter (size) of the stud is specified to the left of the weld
symbol.
The pitch (centre-to-centre) distance or spacing of stud welds in a straight

line is specified to the right of the weld symbol. The spacing of welds in
any configuration other than a straight line must be dimensioned on the
drawing.
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$®
The number of required stud welds is placed in parentheses below the

stud weld symbol.
An example of the desired weld and the corresponding stud welding

symbol is shown in Figure 51. The stud weld size or diameter is 12 mm,
the pitch is 80 mm and seven studs are required.
Desired Weld Symbol
,m Stud welding example
- Page 62
WSA Study Guide JS2.2 ⁄A.
4© cwbinstitute
8.4 Surfacing
As its name implies, a surfacing weld is applied to a surface. A building up
of surfaces may be required for a various reasons, and the most common
are:
$ correction of dimensions
$ providing transition between different metals and
$ providing corrosion- or wear-resistance
The characteristics of a surfacing weld are shown in Figure 52.
The area on which the surfacing weld is to be deposited is simply

identified by the arrow pointing to it with the surfacing symbol always
placed below the reference line. The required thickness is specified to the
left of the weld symboil.
nu HA VỆ
MA AC VÀ, ỒN Và ị
49%K&st©OCVS&*(KC
(J9353%%S295N
'XeeteestedeqtsesGt(l
Desired Weld
nG.52| Surfacing weld symbol
Page 63
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8.5 Brazed Joints

Brazing can be defined as “a process for joining solid metals in close
proximity by heating them to the brazing temperature in the presence of
the fillier metal.”
A brazing operation that involves no preparation except cleaning, requires
-
only the reference line, the arrow and the identification of the brazing
process in the tail of the welding symbol as shown in Figure 53.
Ñ Ầ
[ —T
ï m==Z-
The brazing process, in this case
torch brazing (TB). must be snown
in the tail of the symbol.
Desired braze Symbol
G53 Braze welding symbol
Page 64
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9. Nondestructive Examination
The examination methods and their corresponding letter designation used
on symbols are shown in Table 1.
Examination Letter
methods designation
Acoustic emission AET
Eddy current ET
Leak LT
Neutron radiographic NRT
Penetrant PT
Proof PRT
Radiographic RT
Ultrasonic UT
Visual VT
màn Examination method letter designations
Page 65 |
Copyright Ø 2015 CWB Group Industry Services
WSA Study Guide JS2.2 Š. Ewbierte
10. Introduction to ISO 2553-1

The intent of this introduction to ISO 2553-1 is to present a basic outline
of the ISO welding symbols, their features and applications.
ISO 2553, Welding and allied processes — Symbolic representation on

drawings — Part 1: Welding, identifies two systems; system A and system
B. The two systems should not be mixed.
Both systems have the same intent and that is to enable communication
between the designer and others in the production chain (drafting,
welding engineering, supervising, hands-on welding, examination
and inspection personnel). However, the pathways to achieving that
communication goal differ ¡in some concepts and details.
In system A, the reference line consists of two parallel lines: a continuous

straight line and a dashed, identified line as shown in Figure 54 (a). The
dashed line may be drawn above or below but parallel to the continuous
line. The dashed line represents the other side of the joint to where the
arrowhead is pointing.
In sựystem B as shown in Figure 54 (b), the reference line is a continuous

straight line.
Page 66
WSA Study Guide JS2.2 (@X©Ò cwbinstitute
( 4®
Ñ lưm J \ \ |
\A lưm / | | VN | \
\ \ I my/ Ị ] ì | \
ư;
a5 ÂN 4x 100200) | ⁄o xHE82H 1 ⁄o 4063-111
sõ Z4 4x 109 (200) ĂN
/ \
/ Ñ
Ị Ñ
6b 4 1
Figure 2a - System A welding symbol Figure 2b - System B welding symbol
Key
1 Elementary symbol (fillet weld)
2 Supplementary symbol (concave contour)
3 Complementary indications (field weld, weld all-around, reference)
4 Dimensions (fillet weld size, number and spacing)
5 Tail
6a Reference line (continuous line)
6b ldentification line (dashed line) - System A only
rrêm Examples oƒ !SO 2553-1 welding symbols
Page 67|
WSA Study Guide JS2.2 ®$ cwbinstitute
gai he
Both welding symbols shown designate the same weld:
5 mm throat thickness fillet welds with concave profile
,.v.ovs.ss$. .s.$?$se.
welded on the arrow side of the joint
4 welds 100 mm in length
spacing between welds = 200 mm
welded all-around
ĩield welds
welded using process 111 in accordance with ISO 4063
Examples of how to designate welds on the arrow side and other side of
]oints for sựystems A and B are shown in Figures 55 to 58.
System A Illustration of System B

—
=zZ
1. Fillet
FiG.55, Arrow side and other side oƒ ƒillet welds
System A IIlustration of System B

Ea gg 56, xu s”— Ong Syngi
FiG.56] Arrow side and other side of butt welds
CWB Group Industry Services

WSA Study Guide JS2.2 4⁄ ềồ se
C
d ty System A IIllustration of System B

. welding ¬ bol weld welding symbol
— 1
3. Plug"
Other cha
FG.57i Arrow side and other side of plug welds

|wesoesue| veosaaee lon II 9x >>
¬
Arrow
4. Slot °° side
IG.58) Arrow side and other side oƒ slot welds
Page 69
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WSA Study Guide JS2.2 ® cobipgtute
For butt welds, when only the edge of one joint member is to be prepared,
the arrow shall have a break and point toward that member as shown in
Figure 59. The arrow need not be broken if it is obvious which member Ïs
to be prepared. The arrow shall not be broken if there is no preference as
to which member is to be prepared.
la -
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NOTE: Dashed reference line not required for symmetrical welds
FiG.59] Examples oƒ the use oƒ broken qrrow lines

WSA Study Guide JS2.2 C4 ồ) sen:
4@
Asymmetrical Welds
The elementary symbols shall be arranged symmetrically on the reference
line when used to represent symmetrical welds. Examples of the use of
welding symbols to designate asymmetrical welds are shown in Figure 60.
Dimensions shall be specified on the same side of the reference line as

the associated weld symbol. In general, letters are not to be included with
dimensions on drawings unless otherwise stated, e.g. fillet welds and the
symbols ø (throat thickness), z (leg length) and s (deep penetration welds).

welding symbol" weld welding symbol
5 Asymmetrical welds are always to be dimensioned regardless !Í they are parlial or full penetration
welds (see Clause 8}
riG.S0. Examples oƒ welding symbols for asymmetricgl welds
Page 71 |
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WSA Study Guide JS2.2 $` cwbinstitute
buinefuiio,
Fillet Weld Dimensioning

The symbol ơ, throat thickness, or z, leg length, shall be placed in front of
the dimension to the left of the weld symbol.
The throat thickness, ơ, is measured as the height of the largest isosceles

triangle that can be inscribed in the section of the finalized weld measured
from the joint root.
For fillet welds with unequal leg lengths the symbols Z, and Z, are used
where:
Z, = leg length measured on the contiguous member of the joint
Z, = leg length measured on the non-contiguous (cross) member of

the joint
For fillet welds made on both sides of a joint, the dimensions of both
welds shall be specified even if they are identical.
Illustration of
Comments
weld
a, throat thickness = height of the
largestisosceles triangle that can be
SIN inscribed in the section
Fillet
z ề z, leg length = side of the largest
isosceles triangle that can be inscribed
in the section
b-ep s, throat thickness of the deep

penetration fillet weld
Z,. leg length measured on the

Fillet- contiguous member of the joint
unequal ZZ
leg lengths Z.. leg length measured on the non-
contiguous (cross) member of the joint
FG.6: Elllet weld dimensions
15 CWB Group Indust

N
WSA Study Guide JS2.2 NO osepsie
(
For intermittent welds, the dimension of the spacing between the welds,
(e), shall be placed in parentheses after the length dimension.
The number of intermittent welds required, n, shall be placed in front of

the length dimension. lf no number is specified, intermittent welds shall
be made along the whole length of the joint.
Chain intermittent welds made on both sides of the joint shall include
information concerning the length, spacing and number of welds for both
sides of the joint.
Staggered intermittent welds made on both sides of the joint, shall be

designated using the “Z” symbol across the reference line. In the absence
of any information concerning the offset, the centres of the welds on
one side of the joint shall correspond with the centres of the gaps on the
Opposite side of the joint. Otherwise, the offset shall be specified in the
tail or elsewhere.
Ilustration of
weld
Intermittent
butt “ru | JEsfis
L2 lo !
Ì = length of weld (without end craters)

Cnain (e) = distance bewween weld elernents
tnterritiert "XI(8) n= number of weld elements
se nx!(e)
NOTE: No dimension to the left of the
weld symbol indicates the welds shall
be full penetration.
Steggered nxJ ƒ(e)

Intermittent ]
butt nx (e)
mm Intermittent fillet welds

Examples of how to dimension flare V butt welds are shown in Figure 63.
5-0808:
type weld 4G PS
Lễ +
s
h
s= throat thiíckness, the minimum

distance from the surface of the part to
si r. ~ the bottom of the penetration.
FlareV
h= distance from point of tangency
to top of member
S
FiG.63 Fladre V butt weld

WSA Stuidy Guide JS2.2
($ cwbinsttute
Exercise 1
Exercise 1
5/16
5/18
Answers
516
Exercise 2
|
1⁄4 F .| 3/8 1/4
38
1/4
| OR
—¬.I! -=
_- 3/8
| 1/4
Exercise 3
5/16 1/4
3/8 3/16
- PP 1⁄4
Page 75
Copyright©2015 | B Group Industry Services.
WSA Study Guide JS2.2 cublnsihute
Exercise 4
Exercise 7
Answers
Exercise 5
(a)
Exercise 6
(d)
Exercise 7
(b)
Exercise 8
(1/2)
Page 76
WSA Study Guide JS2.2 2 cwbinstitute
Exercise9
5/8 (3/4)
3/4 5/8
1 Ú
N
ï ]
Exercise 10 25
2(21/8)
22 1/8)
†
ị 21/8
.
ĩ
Ậ 218
Exercise 11
Page 77
Copyright © 2015 (WB Group Industry Services
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SN nam tusie.
Exercise 12
Exercise 11/4
Answers
3/8
1/4 (9/16)
1/4 (9/16)
3/8
3/8 3⁄6
1/4 —=*ị
BIR =<—¬- 1/4
918. 9/16
Exercise 13
(a)
Exercise 14
(d)
Page 78
WSA Study Guide JS2.2 é C4
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cwbinstftu
Exercise 15
Exercise
Answers
=>. |
ưng
Exercise 16
(d)
Exercise 17 Sa Z
—s| l«e¬s
Page 79
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WSA Study Guide JS2.2 $ tbhgitit
The following are sample multiple choice questions. The answer key is on
Exam page 86.
Exercise ñ Choose the correct welding symbol that precisely specifies the
weld shown.
3) ⁄4
b) mu
2. Choose the correct welding symbol for the welds shown.
= : ⁄`
b) ⁄5
c) ⁄
d) ⁄
Page 80
WSA Study Guide JS2.2 4 cà cwbinstitute
Intermediate Welding Symbols M
| 3. Choose the correct welding symbol for the weld shown.
Exam
Exercise ? `¬-
b) —¬-
c) NK-
g) Nx.
4. Choose the correct welding symbol for the weld shown.

=-
Y))\
=
[S5
—
Page 81
Copyright © 2015 CWB Group Industry S:
|
|
WSA Study Guide JS2.2 $ cwbinstitute |
Bị Choose the correct welding symbol for the weld shown.
Exam BACKWELD GT8M
Exercise
3l Z
d) ⁄
60°
Page 82
VSA Study Guide JS2.2 4 N
“(2 ewbingtitute
| 7. Choose the correct welding symbol for the welds shown.
Exam| 3)
.
50
- 150
Exercise
LA Choose the correct welding symbol for the welds shown.
10x 16
a) š
10x16
10x16
10x16
b) ⁄ Ỹ :
16 (10) ><
c) 10118)
10 (16) ><
d) 10(16)
(18)
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WSA Study Guide JS2.2 $ cwbi
5 Choose the correct welding symbol for the welds shown.
Exam ._.
HD a)
Exercise ⁄
50 ÑN 150
\ 150 mm | 150 mm, 1 ékLI
50 (150) P
50 (150)
. 50 - 150
d) 50 - 150
50 -300
50-300
a)
1L 150mm 500 mm ï —
b) -
50 (300)
50 (300)
50mm 50 mm s0 mm s0 mm
c)
50 x 300
d) 50 x 300
Page 84
WSA Study Guide JS2.2 @ ) cwbinstitute
Complete the answer sheet and compare the results with the answer key.
lf you score less than 70%, we suggest you re-study the material.
Answer
Sh | ‡ Please circle only ONE letter corresponding to the answer you think is
ce most correct.
1 a b L d e
2 a b c d e
3 a b c d e
4 a b G d e
5 a b l2 d e
8 a b 6 d e
7 a b [e d 6
8 a b c d e
9 a b c d e
10 a b c d e
The answer sheet below is provided for your use in the event that you
wish to retest yourself.
1 a b c d e
2 a b G6 d @
3 a b li d e
4 a b c d e
5 a b c d e
6 a b (oi d ệ
vé a b É d e
8 a b 6 d e
9 a b Ố d e
10 a b d 8
Page 85
!
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WSA Study Guide JS2.2 $ cwbinstitute |
1 a b c d |
2 a b c Ê~
ở a b c d
4 a b G d
5 a b c d
6 a b S d
7 a b c d
8 a b c d
9 a b [> d
10 a cm d
Page 86
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WSA Study Guide JS2.2 $.

Intermediate Welding Symbols

2. Types of Joints and Welds 14

3. Arrow Side/Other side 22

10. Introduction to ISO 2553-1 66

Other personnel, such as welding inspectors, engineers and those

lt contains background information on welding symbols referenced in

Identify the different types of joints and welds

The symbols do not eliminate the need for appropriate interaction

1.1 Weld Symbols

`7XN V-groove weld

` C Back or backing weld 2A.

Single bevel groove weld

Square groove weld

'U' groove weld

"J' groove weld

KÊm Weld symbols for bevel, square, U- and -groove welds

5 CWB Group Indust

Intermediate Welding Symbols

Weld symbols ƒor flare groove and surfacing welds

LÊ Incorrect Welding symbols

015 CWB Group Industry Services

The types of welds covered by the Standard AWS A2.4, Standard

Square Scarf* Bevel

Fillet Plug Slot Spot or

* Used predominantly in brazed joints,

G6, Basic Weld symbols

AWSA Study Guide JS2.2

1.2 Supplementary Symbols

»N Weld all around

»_—. Field weld

B Group Industry Services

G8] Supplementary symbols Jor a backing bar

1.3 Welding Symbols

KrÊn Key elements of a welding symbol

welding, brazing and cutting process.

Elements in this area remain

tê 5tandard location oƒ the elements 0ƒ a welding symbol

2. Types of Joints and Welds

2.1 Types of Joints

The reference to “junction of members” describes the area of common

One joint only

Answers and comments on the answers

G12) The five basic joints

2.2 Types of Welds

2.2.1 Groove Weld

màn A groove weld

Groove welds can be classified as shown in Figure 14:

$ complete joint penetration groove welds (CJP)

Square lu, 5... 5> 4N mm

G14 Classification oƒ groove welds

Single square-groove weld Single bevel-groove weld

Single J-groove weld Single U-groove weld

Single flare-bevel groove weld Single flare-V-groove weld

rằm Sïngle sided groove welds

5 CWB Group Industry St

Double square-groove weld Double bevel-groove weld

Double V-groove weld Double J-groove weld

Double U-groove weld

Doubile flare-V-groove weld

trằm Double sided groove welds

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2.2.2 Fillet Weld