12

Disaster
Readiness and
Risk Reduction
Quarter 1 – Module 7
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 7: Earthquake Preparedness
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Authors: Mark Anthony C. Mamon, Cheryl A. Retio, Louise A. Ferrer, Emerina Clarisse
R. Bernante
Editor: Ma. Lanie A. Socorro, Ed.D.
Reviewers: Raquel M. Austero, Ph.D.
Illustrator: Mark Anthony C. Mamon
Layout Artist: Louise A. Ferrer
Management Team: Malcolm S. Garma, Director IV
Genia V. Santos, CLMD Chief
Dennis M. Mendoza, Regional EPS In-Charge of LRMS
Micah S. Pacheco, Regional ADM Coordinator
Violeta M. Gonzales, CID Chief
Jennifer L. Tubello, Division EPS In-Charge of LRMS &
Division ADM Coordinator

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – National Capital Region

Office Address: Misamis St., Bago Bantay, Quezon City

____________________________________________
____________________________________________
Telefax: 02-929-0153
____________________________________________
E-mail Address: ____________________________________________
depedncr@deped.gov.ph

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

 12

Disaster
Readiness and
Risk Reduction
Quarter 1 – Module 7
Earthquake Preparedness

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed

by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and or/universities. We
encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback,
comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education at
action@deped.gov.ph.

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

(This module adheres to the learning competencies of the K-12 Curriculum. This module
helps the learners understand earthquake preparedness based on the principles and
guidelines of international, national and local disaster risk reduction and management.
This module is a useful learning material that provides the learning objectives, pretest,
lesson proper, enrichment activities, generalization, application, assessment and
additional activities)

For the learner:

(This module is created to give meaningful learning on Earthquake Preparedness

through clear and comprehensive discussions about the concepts and through
engaging and relevant activities. This module allows the learners to reflect and apply
disaster risk reduction and management in everyday life).

1
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
understand Earthquake Preparedness. This module provides discussions and
activities that will help you learn the concepts, ideas, and relevant information about
the lesson. This module emphasizes the guidelines, and importance of disaster
readiness, risk reduction, and management in connection to the hazard being
discussed.

The module is all about Earthquake Preparedness.

After going through this module, you are expected to interpret different earthquake
hazard maps and apply appropriate measures/interventions.

2
 What I Know

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. What disaster risk reduction and management (DRRM) measure/intervention

are earthquake drills classified?
A. disaster preparedness C. disaster recovery
B. disaster prevention D. disaster response

2. What type of disaster risk reduction and management (DRRM)

measure/intervention is repair and maintenance of buildings and other
structures classified?
A. disaster preparedness C. disaster recovery
B. disaster prevention D. disaster response

3. What must be the response of a person during an earthquake?

A. Conduct a headcount.
B. Do the “duck, cover, and hold on”.
C. Listen and be updated to the news.
D. Evacuate immediately to open spaces.

4. Which of the following is a preparation for an earthquake?

A. Check for gas leaks and damaged electrical wires.
B. Familiarize yourself with the emergency exit routes.
C. Stay away from glass windows and anything that can fall.
D. Be updated to the latest information about the earthquake.

5. What must you do after an earthquake?

A. Participate in earthquake drills.
B. Be alert and expect aftershocks.
C. Stay inside until the shaking stops.
D. Familiarize with the location of fire extinguishers, alarms and first aid
kits.

6. In an earthquake drill, what should be the last phase to be conducted?

A. Headcount.
B. Assessment of problems encountered.
C. Duck, cover, and hold on until the alarm stops.
D. Assembly at the evacuation or safe holding area.

3
7. What is the role of hazard maps in disaster risk reduction and management
(DRRM)?
A. disaster prevention C. disaster rehabilitation
B. disaster recovery D. disaster response

8. What is the practical use of hazard maps?

A. Used for disaster recovery.
B. Used for disaster response.
C. Basis for building regulation.
D. Used after building or structural construction.

9. What information is provided by earthquake hazard maps?

A. Intensity scale.
B. Number of earthquake occurrence.
C. Level of susceptibility to earthquake hazards.
D. All choices.

10. What information is included in a seismicity map?

A. active faults C. fire risk index
B. land use level D. permanent danger zone (PDZ)

11. In what way an earthquake hazard may be analyzed?

A. Probabilistically - one most adverse earthquake event is identified.
B. Deterministically - a single most adverse earthquake event is known.
C. Deterministically - all-potential earthquake scenarios are considered.
D. Probabilistically - all-potential earthquake scenarios are not considered.

12. Which of the following information requires mathematical formulations for

developing a probabilistic earthquake hazard analysis model?
A. earthquake size C. location of the occurrence
B. time of the occurrence D. all choices

13. How can disaster prevention be implemented for earthquakes?

A. By estimating the number of casualties.
B. By conducting earthquake loss assessments.
C. By conducting vulnerability and risk mapping.
D. All choices.

14. What parameters are essential in processing seismic data?

A. magnitude C. height of tsunami
B. epicenter coordinates D. both A and B.

15. Which of the following vulnerable elements are accounted in producing

earthquake risk maps?
A. epicenter C. population
B. magnitude D. zonation

4
 Lesson

1 Earthquake Preparedness

Every year, our national government conducts a quarterly-based nationwide

simultaneous earthquake drill (NSED) specifically supervised and monitored by the
National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC). The drill
intensifies the earthquake preparedness of local communities and strengthens the
local government units as key players in building safe communities. NSEDs must be
participated by schools, government and non-government institutions. Students are
always reminded to seriously participate in disaster response drills conducted in
schools to increase their readiness and resilience towards imminent disasters such
as earthquakes.

What’s In

In Module 6, you learned about the basic concept of an earthquake, examples

of earthquake hazards and its effects, and signs of an impending tsunami. Let us
recall these topics by filling up Table 1 by describing each earthquake hazard, and
by enumerating its effects or impacts to people, structures or surroundings.

Table 1. Earthquake Hazards and its Effects

Earthquake Hazards Describe each hazard Effects or Impacts

1. Ground Rupture

2. Ground Shaking

3. Tsunami

4. Landslides

5. Liquefaction

6. Fire

5
 Notes to the Teacher
Updated and latest earthquake information can be obtained from
the data of Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
(PHIVOLCS). You can access earthquake information from the
website of PHIVOLCS: https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/.

What’s New

Activity 1. West Valley Fault

Directions: Refer to the map of Metro Manila traversed by a thick line that represents
the West Valley Fault (WVF). Answer the questions given.

Figure 1. Metro Manila traversed by West Valley Fault (WVF).

Source: https://www.car-navi.ph/2017/marikina-valley-fault-line-gps-map-overlay/

6
Refer to the map and answer these questions:

1. What important information can you obtain from the map?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Why cities transected by West Valley Fault (WVF) are the most vulnerable to
earthquakes?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Are the cities not traversed by WVF will still be affected by its movement? Why
or why not?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
4. How Metro Manila residents shall respond upon knowing the information from
the map presented?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

What is It

EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS
In this module, you will learn earthquake hazard maps; and the precautionary
and safety measures before, during, and after an earthquake.

Earthquake Hazard Maps

What information can be obtained from earthquake hazard maps?

A hazard map is a map that shows areas that are vulnerable or at risk to a
specific hazard. There is a separate map for each hazard, which means, there is a
hazard map that shows areas at risk from floods, landslides, storm surge, and other
hazards. For this module, the focus are hazard maps that indicate areas vulnerable
to earthquakes and its hazards such as tsunami and liquefaction.

In general, hazard maps have the following uses:

1. Are basis for risk reduction and hazard protection measures

2. Give significant information for emergency planning
3. Show potential risks to the communities, which raise their awareness and
readiness for imminent and possible disasters

7
 4. Are basis for spatial development plans and formulation of building rules and
regulations for specific areas

In our country, Philippines, earthquake hazard maps are created and provided
by, and available in the websites of Philippine Institute of Volcanology and
Seismology (PHIVOLCS), National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council
(NDRRMC), and Manila Observatory. Other geohazard maps are created and provided
by, and available in the website of the Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB).

Geohazard maps include hazard maps that show areas at risk to earthquakes,
earthquake-induced landslides, tsunamis, ground shaking, ground rupture,
liquefaction, and volcanic eruptions (to be discussed in the next module). You can
see in these hazard maps the color-coding and legends that show information such
as level of susceptibility or risk (classified as high, moderate, low, or no risk), and
other hazard maps show the Philippine Earthquake Intensity Scale (PEIS). Philippine
Seismic Maps provided by PHIVOLCS show active faults, trenches, collision zones,
depth of the earthquakes, and magnitudes

As an example, Figure 1 shows a Philippine earthquake hazard map. This shows

the level of vulnerability of places to earthquakes depicted as low, medium, and high.
Locate your present location and/or your hometown province in the hazard map.
What is the level of vulnerability?

Figure 2. Risk to Earthquakes

Hazard Map
Source:
http://vm.observatory.ph/images/Geophys_hires
/risk_earthquakes.jpg

Precautionary and Safety Measures

A. What must you/we do BEFORE an earthquake?
1. Be familiarized with the emergency exit routes.
2. Determine the earthquake hazards in your house, community, and school

8
 3. Check the structural integrity of buildings and houses. Do repairs to any
cracks or structural defects.
4. Prepare a first aid kit or a survival kit.
5. Familiarize yourself with the location of fire extinguishers, first aid kits,
alarms, and communication facilities.
6. Secure heavy furniture and cabinets to the wall.
7. Check the stability of hanging objects such as chandeliers and ceiling fans.
8. Conduct and participate in regular earthquake drills.

B. What must you/we do DURING an earthquake?

Inside a building or house…
1. Do the “Duck, Cover, and Hold on” protocol.
2. Do not use the elevator.
3. Stay away from glass windows, heavy and falling objects.
4. If it is already safe, go outside and evacuate to an open space or area.

Outdoors…

1. Stay away from powerlines, walls, trees, posts, and other structures that
could collapse.
2. Move away from mountains or near steep slopes for possible earthquake-
induced landslides.
3. If you are in a beach or a coastal area, move quickly to higher ground for
a possible tsunami.
4. If you are inside a moving vehicle, stop and get out. Beware of overpasses
or flyovers that can collapse.

C. What must you/we do AFTER an earthquake?

1. Check yourself and other people for injuries. If possible, help those people
who are injured.
2. Check for any damages in water and electrical lines. Check for gas leaks.
3. Assess the structural integrity of the building and don’t enter damaged
buildings.
4. Check if there are any fires.
5. Be prepared for aftershocks. Don’t go back immediately inside a building,
and don’t use elevators.
6. Stay in an open space or area.
7. Be updated with the latest information about the earthquake using
battery-operated radios.

9
 What’s More

Activity 2. Philippine Earthquake Hazard Maps

Directions: Prepare a Philippine Map. Geohazard maps from Manila Observatory are
shown below with internet links provided. Answer the questions by analyzing
carefully the hazard maps.

Hazard Map no. 1 Hazard Map no. 2

Hazard Map no. 1: Risk to Tsunamis

You can access this map on this link:

http://vm.observatory.ph/images/Geophys_hires/risk_tsunamis.jpg

Questions:

1. What are the cities or provinces with high risk to tsunamis?

(Give 5 answers)
__________________________________________________________________________

10
 2. Based from your answers in no. 1, why do these cities or provinces have
high risk to tsunamis? Explain briefly.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. What are the cities or provinces with moderate risk to tsunamis?
(Give 5 answers)
___________________________________________________________________________
4. What are the cities or provinces with low risk to tsunamis?
(Give 5 answers)
___________________________________________________________________________
5. Are there cities or provinces with NO risk to tsunamis? If yes, can you give at
least five (5)?
___________________________________________________________________________
6. Based from your answers in no. 5, why do these cities or provinces have NO
risk to tsunamis? Explain briefly.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Hazard Map no. 2: Risk to Earthquake-Induced Shallow Landslides

You can access this map on this link:

http://vm.observatory.ph/images/Geophys_hires/risk_eq_induced_landslides.jpg

Questions:

1. What are the cities or provinces with high risk to earthquake-induced

shallow landslides? (Give 5 answers)
__________________________________________________________________________
2. Based from your answers in no. 1, why do these cities or provinces have
high risk to earthquake-induced shallow landslides? Explain briefly.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. What are the cities or provinces with moderate risk to earthquake-induced
shallow landslides? (Give 5 answers)
___________________________________________________________________________

11
 4. What are the cities or provinces with low risk to earthquake-induced shallow
landslides? (Give 5 answers)
___________________________________________________________________________
5. Are there cities or provinces with NO risk to earthquake-induced shallow
landslides? If yes, can you give at least three (3)?
___________________________________________________________________________
6. Based from your answers in no. 5, why do these cities or provinces have NO
risk to earthquake-induced shallow landslides? Explain briefly.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Activity 3. Are you prepared for the “BIG ONE”?

Directions: Prepare as if you are readying for the “BIG ONE” earthquake. Enumerate
at least four (4) specific safety/precautionary measures that are applicable and must
be done in your home, community, and school BEFORE, DURING, and AFTER a very
destructive earthquake. Place your answers in Table 2.

Table 2. Precautionary and Safety Measures Before, During, & After an

Earthquake
In your Home
Before an Earthquake During an Earthquake After an Earthquake
1. 1. 1.

2. 2. 2.

3. 3. 3.

4. 4. 4.

In your Community
Indicate your barangay or area:
Before an Earthquake During an Earthquake After an Earthquake
1. 1. 1.

12
 2. 2. 2.

3. 3. 3.

4. 4. 4.

In your School
Name and Address of your school:
Before an Earthquake During an Earthquake After an Earthquake
1. 1. 1.

2. 2. 2.

3. 3. 3.

4. 4. 4.

Activity 4. Let’s have an Earthquake Drill!

Directions: Since you were an elementary or junior high school (JHS) student, you
have experienced participating in earthquake drills. Can you recall your last
Earthquake Drill in school? To be familiarized once again to earthquake drills,
complete Table 3 by answering the questions.
Table 3. Things to Remember about an Earthquake Drill

Questions Your Answers

A. What is the importance of 1.
participating in earthquake drills?
Give two (2) importance.

2.

B. What are the things that you should 3.

know that are very important during

13
 an earthquake drill or an actual 4.
scenario of an earthquake event?
Give at least four (4) answers. 5.

6.

C. What are the potential hazards in Ex. Glass window and door panels that
case of an earthquake event? Give at could break
least five (5) answers.
7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

D. Why is it important to identify the 12.

possible hazards during an
earthquake event? Give two (2)
importance. 13.

E. Can you still remember the phases of earthquake drill? For 14.1 to 14.5, briefly
explain what must be done during each phase of an earthquake drill or how
each phase was conducted in your school. For 14.6, briefly explain the things
that must be evaluated after an earthquake.

14.1 Alarm:

14.2 Response:

14.3 Evacuation:

14.4 Assembly:

14.5 Head Count:

14.6 Evaluation
(In school, it is conducted by your DRRM Coordinator, School Officials, and
Teachers)

14
 What I Have Learned

1. What information can be obtained from interpreting earthquake hazard maps?

2. What are the precautionary and safety measures before, during, and after an
earthquake?

What I Can Do

Identifying hazards in our home can help our family prevent or mitigate disaster
risks. In this activity, identify the hazards inside your house that can threaten your
family during a strong earthquake. Identify the hazards on each location, and place
them in the general map of a typical house provided.

Living Room Kitchen and Dining Room

Ex.: Chandeliers and big ceiling lights

Bathroom Bedrooms

15
 Assessment

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. What must you do as a preparation before an earthquake?

A. Do not enter damaged buildings.
B. Stay away from glass windows, shelves, cabinets, and other heavy
objects.
C. Engage yourself in training activities that promote safety and disaster
preparedness.
D. Once the designated evacuation is reached, stay there until advised by
government authorities.

2. What must you do during an earthquake?

A. Do not enter damaged buildings.
B. Stay away from glass windows, shelves, cabinets, and other heavy
objects.
C. Engage yourself in training activities that promote safety and disaster
preparedness.
D. Once the designated evacuation is reached, stay there until advised by
government authorities.

3. Following the guidelines of the National Building Code in design and

construction is what DRRM measure?
A. disaster prevention C. disaster rehabilitation
B. disaster recovery D. disaster response

4. Psychological first-aid of earthquake victims is part of what DRRM

intervention?
A. disaster preparedness C. disaster recovery
B. disaster prevention D. disaster response

5. In schools, which of the following are possible hazards during an earthquake

that you must identify in hazard mapping or school watch activity?
A. glass window panels C. obstructions in emergency exits
B. cabinets and bookcases D. all choices

6. What parameters are essential in processing seismic data?

A. magnitude C. height of tsunami
B. epicenter coordinates D. both A and B.

16
7. Which of the following vulnerable elements are accounted in producing
earthquake risk maps?
A. epicenter C. population
B. magnitude D. zonation

8. What solution can be proposed upon analyzing a liquefaction hazard map?

A. Slope vegetation.
B. Add shock absorbers at the base of the building.
C. Construction of retaining walls to restrain the soil.
D. Retrofitting of buildings with stronger or reinforced foundations.

9. In what way an earthquake hazard may be analyzed?

A. Probabilistically - one most adverse earthquake event is identified.
B. Deterministically - a single most adverse earthquake event is known.
C. Deterministically - all-potential earthquake scenarios are considered.
D. Probabilistically - all-potential earthquake scenarios are not considered.

10. Which of the following information requires mathematical formulations for

developing a probabilistic earthquake hazard analysis model?
C. earthquake size C. location of the occurrence
D. time of the occurrence D. all choices

11. What must be avoided immediately after a ground shaking?

A. Walk safely.
B. Use of elevators.
C. Evacuating the building in an orderly manner.
D. Proceed to the identified safe holding or evacuation area.

12. In preparation for the “BIG ONE” in Metro Manila, which of the following
earthquake hazard map is needed for preparatory safety measures?
A. Risk to tsunami.
B. Risk to liquefaction.
C. Risk to earthquake-induced shallow landslides.
D. All choices

13. In studying Manila trench movement, what earthquake hazard map should be
assessed?
A. Risk to tsunami.
B. Risk to liquefaction.
C. Risk to earthquake-induced shallow landslides.
D. Both A and B

14. Before an earthquake drill, what must be familiarized by the students?

A. exit routes C. location of first aid kit
B. school hazard maps D. all choices

17
 15. How can disaster prevention be implemented for earthquakes?
A. By estimating the number of casualties.
B. By conducting earthquake loss assessments.
C. By conducting vulnerability and risk mapping.
D. All choices.

Additional Activities

Make a poster that shows or depicts disaster preparedness, prevention,

and mitigation measures for earthquakes. Use a short bond paper, drawing and
coloring materials. The rubric for evaluating this poster is shown below. The criteria
for evaluation: 40% = creativity; 30% = organization; & 30% = relevance to the topic.

Rubric

Excellent (4) Good (3) Fair (2) Poor (1)

Creativity The poster is The poster The poster The poster
(40%) outstandingly shows many shows some has no
creative creative ideas creative ideas creative ideas
Organization The The The The
(30%) information information information information
and graphics and graphics and graphics and graphics
are very are organized are adequately are not
organized and and well organized and organized and
very well presented presented presented
presented properly
Relevance to The graphics The graphics The graphics The graphics
the topic of the poster of the poster of the poster of the poster
(30%) are highly are relevant are somehow are not
relevant and and related to relevant and relevant and
related to the the topic related to the related to the
topic topic topic

18
 19
What’s New
What I Know Assessment
Activity 1
1. The cities tranversed by West Valley Fault 1. C
1. A 2. The movement of the fault line will result to earthquakes. Cities 2. B
2. B or places transected by fault lines are epicenters of earthquakes 3. A
3. B 3. Yes, because seismic waves from the focus (origin of the 4. C
4. B earthquake) travel through the Earth’s layers thus Metro manila 5. D
5. B cities and nearby provinces not traversed by WVF can still 6. D
6. B experience ground shaking 7. C
7. A 4. Disaster preparedness, prevention, and mitigation measures 8. D
8. C What’s More 9. B
9. D Activity 2 - (Answers may vary) 10. D
10. A Example 11. B
11. B Hazard Map no. 1 12. B
12. D 1. Metro Manila, Cavite, Batangas, Bataan, Pampanga 13. A
13. C 2. These cities or provinces are near the Manila trench located in 14. D
14. D the West Philippine Sea 15. C
15. C 3. Oriental and Occidental Mindoro, Quezon, Camarines Sur and
Camarines Norte
4. Palawan, Samar, Cagayan, Isabela, Ilocos Norte
5. Apayao, Abra, Kalinga, Mt. Province, Benguet
6. These are landlocked and highland provinces
Activity 3- (Answers may vary)
Example
School - Before an Earthquake
1. All students, teachers, and staff must participate in Earthquake
drills
2. Classrooms, offices, faculty rooms, and laboratories must have
emergency kits
3. Regular inspection of school buildings
4. All students, teachers, and staff must be familiarized with
emergency exits
Activity 4
1. Students, teachers, and staff will learn how to react
immediately and appropriately
2. They will learn how to evacuate safely
3. Location of emergency exits
4. “Duck, Cover, and Hold” protocol
5. Location of the Safe Holding Area or Evacuation Area
6. Hazards that can harm you along the way as you evacuate
7. Cabinets and furniture that can topple down
8. Light bulbs and chandeliers that can fall
9. Structural collapse of wall and ceiling
10. Electrical lines can be damaged by an earthquake and can
cause harm
11. Stairs may have cracks and can collapse
12. To implement disaster prevention measures for these identified
hazards
13. To lessen or prevent the negative effects of earthquakes
14.1 to 14.6 – please recall your experience during earthquake drill
What I Have Learned
1. Earthquake hazard maps show areas at risk or level of
susceptibility to earthquakes, earthquake-induced landslides,
tsunamis, ground shaking, ground rupture, and liquefaction.
2. Precautionary and safety measures before, during, and after an
earthquake are important approaches to identify, assess, and
reduce or prevent the risks of disaster.
Answer Key
References

Carteciano, Joselito Alonte. n.d. “THE BIG ONE: Facts and Impacts.” NRCP. Accessed
July 12, 2020. http://www.nrcp.dost.gov.ph/feature-articles/280-the-big-
one-facts-and-impacts.
Commission on Higher Education. 2016. Teaching Guide for Senior High School:
Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction.

Department of Education-Bureau of Learning Resources. 2017. Disaster Readiness

and Risk Reduction - Reader. Pasig City.
“GMMA Ready Project.” n.d. www.Ndrrmc.Gov.Ph. Accessed July 12, 2020.
http://www.ndrrmc.gov.ph/index.php/gmma-ready-project.html.
PHIVOLCS. 2011. “How to Conduct an Earthquake Drill in School: Primer for
Teachers (Brochure)”.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B8_KPQhbpktXRVFVcGZMZFhXazQ/view
“Introduction to the National Seismic Hazard Maps.” n.d. Www.Usgs.Gov. Accessed
July 12, 2020. https://www.usgs.gov/natural-hazards/earthquake-
hazards/science/introduction-national-seismic-hazard-maps?qt-
science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects.

“Mapping Philippine Vulnerability to Environmental Disasters.” n.d.

Vm.Observatory.Ph. http://vm.observatory.ph/geophys_maps.html.
“NDRRMC Leads Nationwide Simultaneous Earthquake Drill.” n.d. Ocd.Gov.Ph.
Accessed July 12, 2020. http://ocd.gov.ph/index.php/news/199-ndrrmc-
leads-nationwide-simultaneous-earthquake-drill.

Parena Jr., J.S., and J.D.A. Ramos. 2016. Exploring Life through Science Series:
Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing
House, Inc.
Peralta-Malonzo, Third Anne. 2015. “Top 5 Most Destructive Earthquakes in the
Philippines.” Sunstar. August 1, 2015.
https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/23096.
“Philippine Institute for Development Studies.” n.d. Www.Pids.Gov.Ph.
https://www.pids.gov.ph/gallery/263.
“PLANAT National Platform for Natural Hazards Information Platform on Natural
Hazards in Switzerland [Hazard Maps].” n.d. Www.Planat.Ch. Accessed July
12, 2020. http://www.planat.ch/en/homeowners/hazard-maps/.

Quebral, V.S. 2016. Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction. Cubao, Quezon City:
Lorimar Publishing, Inc.
Staff, PHIVOLCS. 2005. “Earthquake Preparedness.” Dost.Gov.Ph. 2005.
https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/earthquake/earthquake-
preparedness.

20
Tarbuck, E.J., and F.K. Lutgens. 2004. Earth Science. 10th ed. New Jersey: Pearson
Education, Inc.
“Valley Fault System (VFS) Atlas and the PHIVOLCS FaultFinder.” n.d. Center of
Excellence on Public Sector Productivity. https://www.dap.edu.ph/coe-
psp/innov_initiatives/valley-fault-system-vfs-atlas-and-the-phivolcs-
faultfinder/.

21
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex, Meralco Avenue, Pasig

City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph