SLENDER COLUMN DESIGN

For slender columns, critical conditions may occur at the top, middle or bottom of the column.
The design moment is the largest of the three moments at these positions. Moe is the equivalent
first order moment including the effect of imperfections at about mid-height of the column. Mo2
is the numerically larger of the elastic end moment acting on the column. M2 is the nominal
second order moment acting on the column.

e2 is the deflection.
 Determine if column PQ should be designed for second order effects assuming it resists the
design loads and moment shown. Further assume that the structure is non-sway and
fck=25N/mm2, φeff=0.87 and Δc,dev=10mm.

COLUMN INPUT DETAILS

Column geometry
Overall depth; h = 275 mm
Overall breadth; b = 275 mm
Clear height between restraints about y axis; ly = 7000 mm
Stability in the z direction; Braced
Concrete details
Concrete strength class; C25/30
Partial safety factor for concrete (2.4.2.4(1)); C = 1.50
Coefficient cc (3.1.6(1)); cc = 0.85
Maximum aggregate size; dg = 20 mm
Reinforcement details
Nominal cover to links; cnom = 35 mm
Longitudinal bar diameter;  = 20 mm(assumed)
Link diameter; v = 8 mm (assumed)
2
Characteristic yield strength; fyk = 500 N/mm
Partial safety factor for reinft (2.4.2.4(1)); S = 1.15
Axial load and bending moments from frame analysis
Design axial load; NEd = 696.0 kN
Moment about y axis at top; Mtopy = 55.0 kNm
Moment about y axis at bottom; Mbtmy = -27.5 kNm
Beams providing rotational restraint about y axis
Depth on side A; hA1y = 550 mm
Width on side A; bA1y = 275 mm
Length on side A; lA1y = 5000 mm

Depth on side B; hB1y = 550 mm

Width on side B; bB1y = 275 mm
Length on side B; lB1y = 7000 mm
Relative flexibility end 2 for buckling about z axis; k2y = 0.100

Calculated column properties

Concrete properties
Ac = h  b = 75625 mm
2
Area of concrete;
2
Column characteristic comp. cylinder strength; fck = 25 N/mm
fcd = cc  fck / C = 14.2 N/mm
2
Column design comp. strength (3.1.6(1));
Design yield strength of reinforcement
fyd = fyk / S = 434.8 N/mm
2
Design yield strength (3.2.7(2));
2
Modulus of Elasticity Es=200kN/mm
Effective depths of bars for bending about y axis
Layer 1 (in tension face); dy1 = b - cnom - v -  / 2 = 222 mm
Layer 2; dy2 = dy1 - sz = 53 mm
Effective depth about y axis; dy = dy1 = 222 mm
Relative flexibility at end 1 for buckling about y axis
Iy = h  b / 12 = 47660 cm
3 4
Second moment of area of column;
IA1y = bA1y  hA1y / 12 = 381276 cm
3 4
Second moment of area of beam on side A;
IB1y = bB1y  hB1y / 12 = 381276 cm
3 4
Second moment of area of beam on side B;
Relative flexibility (PD6687 cl. 2.10); k1y = max(0.1, (Ecm  Iy / ly) / [2  Ecm_b  (IA1y/lA1y + IB1y/lB1y)])
= 0.100
 Relative flexibility end 2 for buckling about z axis; k2y = 0.100
l0y = 0.5  ly  [(1 + k1y/(0.45+k1y))(1 + k2y/(0.45+k2y))]
0.5
Eff. length about y axis (braced) (5.8.3.2(3)); =
4136 mm
Column slenderness about y axis
Radius of gyration; iy = b / (12) = 7.9 cm
Slenderness ratio (5.8.3.2(1)); y = l0y / iy = 52.1
Slenderness limit for buckling about y axis (cl. 5.8.3.1)
Factor A; A = 0.7
Factor B; B =1.1
Moment ratio; rmy = -1.0  M01y / M02y = -0.5
Factor C; Cy = 1.7 - rmy = 2.2
Relative normal force; n = NEd / (Ac  fcd) = 0.65
Slenderness limit; limy = 20  A  B  Cy / (n) = 42
y>=limy - Second order effects must be considered

Design bending moments

Frame analysis moments about y axis combined with moments due to imperfections (cl. 5.2 & 6.1(4))
Eccentricity due to geometric imperfections (y axis); eiy = l0y /400 ≥h/30≥20mm= 20 mm
Design Moment M01Ed=27.5+(0.02*716)=27.5+14.3=41.8kNm
Design Moment M02Ed=55+(0.02*716)=55+14.3=69.3kNm

Local second order bending moment about y axis (cl. 5.8.8.2 & 5.8.8.3)

 = mechanical reinforcement ratio=

Parameter nu; nu = 1 +  = 1.51

Approx value of n at max moment of resistance; nbal = 0.4

Axial load correction factor; Kr = min(1.0 , (nu - n) / (nu - nbal)) = 0.76

Factor  y = 0.35 + fck / 200 MPa - y / 150 = 0.125
Creep factor Ky = max(1.0 , 1 + y  efy) = 1.11
-
curvature

Deflection; e2y = ( ) 31.5 mm

M2y = NEd  e2y = 716*0.0315= 22.6kNm
nd
Nominal 2 order moment;
Design bending moment about y axis (cl. 5.8.8.2)
Equivalent moment from frame analysis; M0ey = max(0.6  M02y +0.4  M01y, 0.4  M02y)=max
(0.6*69.3+0.4*-41.8, 0.4*69.3)=max(24.9,27.7)=27.7kNm
Design moment; MEdy = max(M02y, M0ey + M2y, M01y + 0.5  M2y) =max
(69.3,27.7+22.6,-41.8+05*22.6)=max(69.3,50.3,-30.8)=69.3kNm

Chart
Chart ratio =d2/h=53/275=0.19; Use chart for 0.2

Axial load ratio

 Bending moment ratio

From chart,

Provide 4H20 bars (As=1257mm2) main longitudinal reinforcement

Links
Minimum link size≥20/4,6mm. Take 8mm links.
Vertical spacing of links: S≤12*20≤0.6(275)≤240mm. Take 165 as maximum spacing.