Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Flowability (Ilearn)
Flowability (Ilearn)
LILI FITRIANI
uhttps://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?v=ccc26E3fZo
Introduction
u Approximately 80% of pharmaceutical products and the
ingredients required for their manufacture are in powder form
u Many of these processes require good, consistent and
predictable flow to ensure quality products.
u The solid dosage form (tablets and capsules) is manufactured
by either dry-blending of fine powder ingredients or
combining the ingredients in a wet granulation step, followed
by drying.
u Various powder flow problems are commonly encountered in
industries handling fine powders.
Powder Flow
Where:
h is the vertical distance between the base of the pile to
the apex
r is the radius of the base of the pile.
d. Flow Through an Orifice and the
Critical Orifice Diameter
u Flow through an orifice was traditionally measured discretely by
measuring either the time required for a given mass/volume of
powder to flow through the orifice or the mass/volume of powder to
flow through the orifice in a given time period
u The mean flow rate can then be calculated either as mass or
volume per unit time.
u The greatest limitation of such measurements is the inability to profile
any inconsistent flow patterns of the powder
à the use of an electronic powder flowmeter which utilized a
calibrated electronic strain gauge connected to a chart recorder
e. Powder Rheometer
u The apparent “rheological” properties of powders
u In the example of the FT4 Powder Rheometer®, a helical blade is used. The
instrument works by continuously measuring the required torque to rotate the blade
at a constant rate as the blade is moved through the powder either in the
downward or upward direction.
u In general, the more cohesive the powder, the more torque is required to
continuously rotate the blade at a constant rate through the powder.
u This is because cohesive powders contain stronger inter-particle forces and higher
friction between adjacent particles; ergo the powder provides more resistance to
flow.
u The opposite is true for free-flowing powders. That is, free-flowing powders have
weaker inter-particles forces and lower friction between adjacent particles and thus
require less torque to cause the powder to flow.
u FT4 system à One of the advantages claimed for the FT4 system is the automated
pre-conditioning of the sample prior to testing
f. Shear Cells – FT 4
u Jenike recognized the importance of the consolidation effect on powder flow
and also the lack of flow measurements that took such considerations into
account
POWDER FLOW AND THE
MANUFACTURING/
PERFORMANCE OF
PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS
A. Capsule Filling
Video
u Wet Granulation
c. Tablet Manufacture by Direct Compression
d. Performance of Dry Powder Inhalers
CONCLUSION…???