NZS

MEE 233
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
4 Credit
N U RU ZZAMAN S A KIB
L E CTU RER
D E PT. O F M E E , S U ST

INTRODUCTION
In preceding chapters, it was assumed that surfaces in contact were either
frictionless (surfaces could move freely with respect to each other) or rough
(tangential forces prevent relative motion between surfaces).
Actually, no perfectly frictionless surface exists. For two surfaces in
contact, tangential forces, called friction forces, will develop if one attempts
to move one relative to the other.
However, the friction forces are limited in magnitude and will not prevent
motion if sufficiently large forces are applied.
There are two types of friction: dry or Coulomb friction and fluid friction.
Fluid friction applies to lubricated mechanisms. The present discussion is
limited to dry friction between non-lubricated surfaces.

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THE LAWS OF DRY FRICTION: COEFFICIENTS OF FRICTION

Block of weight W placed on horizontal surface. Forces acting on block are its
weight and reaction of surface N.

Small horizontal force P applied to block. For block to remain stationary, in

equilibrium, a horizontal component F of the surface reaction is required. F is a static-
friction force.

As P increases, the static-friction force F increases as well until it reaches a maximum
value Fm.

Further increase in P causes the block to begin to move as F drops to a smaller

kinetic-friction force Fk

THE LAWS OF DRY FRICTION: COEFFICIENTS OF FRICTION

Four situations can occur when a rigid body is in contact with a horizontal
surface:

No friction; No Motion; Motion Impending; Motion

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THE LAWS OF DRY FRICTION: COEFFICIENTS OF FRICTION

Four situations can occur when a rigid body is in contact with a horizontal
surface:

• No • Motion
• No motion
friction • Motion impending

PROBLEM 8.1
Determine whether the block shown is in equilibrium and find the magnitude and
direction of the friction force when θ=25o and P = 750 N.

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PROBLEM 8.2
The coefficients of friction between the block and the rail are μs = 0.30
and μk = 0.25. Knowing that θ = 65°, determine the smallest value of P
required
(a) to start the block moving up the rail,
(b) to keep it from moving down.

WEDGES
Wedges - simple
machines used to raise
heavy loads.
Force required to lift
block is significantly less
than block weight.
Friction prevents wedge
from sliding out.
Want to find minimum
force P to raise block.

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SQUARE-THREADED SCREWS
Square-threaded screws frequently used in jacks,
presses, etc. Analysis similar to block on inclined
plane. Recall friction force does not depend on
area of contact.
Thread of base has been “unwrapped” and
shown as straight line. Slope is 2‫ת‬r horizontally
and lead L vertically.
Moment of force Q is equal to moment of force P.

SQUARE-THREADED SCREWS

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SQUARE-THREADED SCREWS

SQUARE-THREADED SCREWS

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PROBLEM 8.3

Two 10° wedges of negligible weight are

used to move and position the 400-lb
block. Knowing that the coefficient of
static friction is 0.25 at all surfaces of
contact, determine the smallest force P
that should be applied as shown to one
of the wedges.

PROBLEM 8.4

Block A supports a pipe column and

rests as shown on wedge B. Knowing
that the coefficient of static friction at
all surfaces of contact is 0.25 and that θ
= 45°, determine the smallest force P
required to raise block A.

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BELT FRICTION (FLAT)

Relate T1 and T2
when belt is about
to slide to right.
Draw free-body
diagram for
element of belt
Combine to
eliminate dN, divide
through by dθ, If dθ
goes to zero,
Separate variables
and integrate.

BELT FRICTION (FLAT)

T2 is always larger than T1; T2 therefore

represents the tension in that part of the
belt or rope which pulls, while T1 is the
tension in the part which resists.
The angle of contact must be expressed
in radians.

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BELT FRICTION (V)

BELT FRICTION (V)

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PROBLEM 8.5

A rope ABCD is looped over two pipes as

shown. Knowing that the coefficient of static
friction is 0.25, determine
(a) the smallest value of the mass m for which
equilibrium is possible,
(b) the corresponding tension in portion BC of
the rope.

PROBLEM 8.6

A flat belt is used to transmit a couple

from drum B to drum A.
Knowing that the coefficient of static
friction is 0.40 and that the allowable
belt tension is 450 N, determine the
largest couple that can be exerted on
drum A.

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THANK
YOU ALL

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