Proceedings of 8th International Symposium-2018, SEUSL

kd.ÍlrKh iy wmrdO w;r mj;akd in`o;dj ms<sn`o iudc úoHd;aul wOHhkhla

Shyamali WMW1, Wijewardhana BVN2, Samarakoon MT3

13
Department of Sociology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura1
2
Department of Criminology & Criminal Justice, University of Sri Jayewardenepura2

wathsala.shyamali3@gmail.com
idrdxYh

iudc úoHd;aulj kd.ÍlrK l%shdj,sh ld¾ólrKh" kùlrKh iy ;d¾lSlrK l%shdj,sh iu`.

iómj neoS tkakls' kd.ÍlrKh fya;= fldg f.k iudch ;=< úúO wjia:djka mqoa,hkag ysñ fõ'
tkï /lshd" Wiia wOHdmk" ksjdi jvd myiq .ukd.uk iy rdcH mßmd,kuh lghq;= myiq lr
.ekSuo fu ;=<ska isÿ fõ' k.r wdY%s; jeishkag fuu wd¾Ól ;;a;ajhka <.d lr .ekSug fkdyels ùu
u; we;sjk iudcSh .eg¨ fndfyda f,i jd¾;d fõ' fndfyda wdkqnúl wOHhkhka u.ska jd¾;d ù we;s
mßÈ kd.ßl m%foaYj, wmrdO isÿqùfï m%k;dj b;d by< uÜgul mj;sk wdldrhla fmfka'
kd.ÍlrKh iy wmrdO w;r in`o;djla mj;skafkao hkak wOHhkh lsÍu m¾fhaIKfha wOHhk
.eg,qj úh' kd.ÍlrKh iy wmrdO w;r mj;akd in`o;dj y`ÿkd.ksñka tajd je<elaùug .; yels
l%shdud¾. fhdackd lsÍu fuu m¾fhaIKfha m%Odk wruqK úh' kd.ßl iudcfha isÿjk wmrdOhkag
m%Odk;u fya;=j f,i m%cdjf.ka ,enqKq ms<s;=re jQfha u;aøH Ndú; lrkakkaf.a ixLHdj wêl ùuhs'
ish wjYH;djka imqrd .ekSug iy wkkH;djh i`.jd lghq;= l< yels mßirhla kd.ßlnj ;=< ;sîu
u; wmrdO flfrys fhduqj uqo,a miqïì fidrlu" u;aøjH Ndú;h" .Ksld jD;a;sh" ñkSueÍï"
uxfld,a,lEï iy ia;%S ¥IK wdoS wmrdO isoaëka ta w;r m%Odk ù we;' mgq uxudj;a" .rd jegqKq
f.dvke.s<s ;=< iy wmrdO lsÍu i`oyd ks¾udKh lr.;a we;eï ia:dk (Hotspot) uQ,sl lrf.k
wmrdOhka nyq,j isÿjk nj ksÍlaIKh úh' k.rdY%s;j wmrdO md,kh lsÍfuys,d k.r ie,iqïlrK
ls%hdj,sh ksis mßos isÿ lsÍu w;HjYH fõ' f,dalfha fndfyda rgj,a j¾;udkfha mdßißl ie,iqï
u`.ska wmrdO je<elaùfï l%uh (CPTED) fhdod .ksñka kd.ßl wmrdO je<elaùu ms<sn`o wjOdkh
fhduq lsÍu ldf,daÑ;h'

uqLHmo- wmrdO" wmrdO m%jk;dj" kd.rSlrKh" CPTED

1' yeoskaùu

b;d iS.%fhka .ïno ixialD;sh úiska kd.ßl ixialD;sh wdfoaY lr.kq ,nk
kd.ÍlrK l%shdj,sh kQ;k m%mxphla fkdjk w;r th udkj cSú;fha uQ,drïNfha
isgu úldYkh fjñka mj;skakla nj fmkajd osh yelsh' tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ck.yk
ld¾hxYhg wkqj k.r fyda kd.ßl m%foaYhkays iSud kS¾Khka y`ÿkd.ekSu ms<sn`o
talu;sl Ndjhla ke;' we;eï m¾fhaIlhka ck.yk >k;ajh yd ck.yk m%udKhka
hk ks¾Kdhl mokï fldgf.k k.r ks¾jpkh lr we;s w;r we;eï rgj,a tjeks
ks¾jpk wkqu; lr we;' flfia jqjo fndfyda rgj, k.r f,i yÿkajk ,nk
ckdjdi ;=<ska mßmd,kuh lghq;= bgq lsÍug n,dfmdfrd;a;= fõ' l,d;=rlska
fN!;sl ,laIK muKla mokï lr .kakd w;ru iuyr rgj,a k.rj, úYd,;ajh"
>k;ajh" mßmd,kuh uÜgï yd há;, myiqlï yd fjk;a myiqlï wdÈh ie,ls,a,g
f.k k.r y`ÿkajd fokq ,nhs (Gordon and David, 2014). hï m%foaYhla kd.ßl hehs
iïu;hla f,i ms<s.efkkafka tys wêl ck ixLHdjla wêl ck>k;ajhla fyda Y%u

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n,ldfhka jeä msßila lDIsld¾ñl fkdjk /lshdj, kshqla; ùu;a hk uQ,sl idOl
ie,ls,a,g .ekSfuks ^o is,ajd" 2004&'

ld¾ólrKh iu`. úYd, jYfhka l¾udka; Yd,d jHdma; jQ w;r tu l¾udka;

Yd,dj, fiajh i`oyd .%dóh fkdÈhqKq m%foaYj, ck;dj l%ufhka l¾udka; ia:dk.;
jQ m%foaY lrd ixl%uKh úh' fuu YS>% ck ixl%uKj, m%;sM,hla jYfhka l¾udka;
ia:dk.; jQ m%foaY wdY%s;j úYd, jYfhka ck.ykh ixflakaøKh jkakg úh' tu
ksid l¾udka; ia:dk.; jQ m%foaY wdikakfha l%ñlj kd.ßl ,laIK we;s fjñka
kd.ÍlrKhg ,la úh' fuu fya;=j ksid kd.ÍlrKh we;s jQ nj fmkajdÈh yelsh'
ta wkqj ld¾ñl úma,jh yryd we;s jQ ;dlaIKsl ÈhqKqj .%dóh yd kd.ßl m%foaY fol
flfrysu n,md ;sfí (Gelles & Levine, 1999)' fuu kd.ÍlrKh woH;kh jk úg
fkdje<elaúh yels l%shdj,shla jYfhka y`ÿkd.; yelsh' kd.ÍlrKh ms<sn`oj ixLHd
o;a; ms<sn`oj ie,ls,su;a ùuo fuys§ jeo.;a jkafkah' 1900 j¾Ifha§ 10]la jQ
kd.ÍlrKh 2000 j¾Ih jk úg 50]la olajd j¾Okh ù ;sfí (Schaefer, 2005)'
f.,aia yd f,úka kd.ÍlrKh hkak y`ÿkajkqfha kd.ßl m%foaYj, mÈxÑ
ck.ykfha j¾Okhhs' .=Kfiak uyd isxy, Yío fldaIhg wkqj kd.rSlrKh hkq
kd.ßl nj we;s ^úfÊ;=x." 2008&'

k.rh ms<sn`o m%:u m%cd úoHd;aul ks¾jpkh bosßm;a lr we;s iudc úoHd{hl= jQ
¨úia j¾;a ^Louis Worth) 1938 oS ,shk ,o Urbanism as a way of life kï ,smsfhys
k.rh w¾:l:kh fldg we;af;a .;s ,laIK 4la mokï fldg f.kh' tkï"

1.ks;H;dj $ iaÒr nj
2.úYd, ck.yk m%udKh
3.wêl ck>k;ajh
4.iudc úIucd;s;ajh (Worth, 1938).
fudyqf.a woyig wkqj kd.ÍlrKh yd iïnkaO jeo.;a lreKq folla y`ÿkd.;
yelsh' tkï ;ks mqoa., Ôú; yqfol,d Ndjhg m;a ùu bka m<uq jekakhs' fojekak
jkafka iudc wixúê;Ndjhhs' Wla; ish¨ ks¾jpk ie,ls,a,g .ekSfïoS olakg
,efnkqfha k.rhl ck ixLHdj fukau ck >k;ajh o by< w.hla .kakd njhs'
lDIsld¾ñl fkdjk wxYhla jgd ñksiqka talrdYs ùu" kd.ßl N+ñh ;=< j.d lghq;=
isÿ fkdùu fukau k.rhl úúO;aj cd;Ska we;sùu fukau k.rhl úúO;aj cd;Ska
wkqj" ld¾hhka wkqj" iudc wd¾Ól uÜgu y`ÿkd.; yelsùu hkdoS uQ,sl ,laIKhhs'
.%dóh iudc ;=< fndfyda jYfhka oel.; yels jkafka tlu l=,hlg fukau tlu
{d;s mokulg wh;a msßils' kuq;a k.rh ;=< ksrka;rfhka oel.; yels jkafka
úúO mka;Ska ksfhdackh lrkq ,nk úIucd;a;s;ajhlska ks¾udKh jQ mqoa.,
lKavdhuls' tys wksjd¾h ,laIKh jkafka .%dóh m%foaYj,g idfmalaIj b;d by<
ck >k;ajhla oel.; yels ùuhs' kd.ÍlrKh i`oyd n,mdkq ,nk m%Odk fya;=
idOl 4la ßkaflaIa úiska ^Rinkesh) my; mßÈ olajhs'

1' ld¾ólrKh

2' jdksclrKh

3' iudc m%;s,dN yd fiajd

4' /lshd wjia:d iy fiajdjka

5' Ôjk rgdfõ kùlrK yd fjkialï

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6' .%dóh kd.ßl m%jdykh (Rinkesh, 2009).

j¾;udkh jk úg Y%S ,xldfõ kd.ßl hehs iïu; m%foaY f,i ie,flkafka

kd.ßl wxYh hg;g wh;ajk uy k.r iNd m%foaY iy k.r iNd m%foaYhkah' furg
kd.ßl ck.ykh l%ufhka j¾Okh jQ wdldrh ck yd ksjdi ix.Kkh - 2012
jd¾;d wkqj meyeÈ,s fõ'

j.= wxl 2'7 - kd.ßl ck.ykh 1871-2012

ix.Kk j¾Ih kd.ßl ck.ykh ]

1881 281"065 10'2
1891 321"413 10'7
1901 414"025 11'6
1911 542"945 13'2
1921 637"870 14'2
1931 737"272 13'9
1946 1"023"042 15'4
1953 1"239"133 15'3
1963 2"016"285 19'1
1971 2"848"116 22'4
1981 3"192"489 21'5
2001 2"467"301 13'1)
2012 3"704"470 18'2
) weia;fïka;=.; w.hls

^ck yd ksjdi ix.Kkh" 2012&'

2017 jk úg Y%S ,xldfõ kd.ßl ck.ykh 4,050,307 olajd j¾Okh ù we;s nj

f,dal ck.yk ixfYdaê; újrKsldfjys olajhs ^World Population Prospects, 2017&'
oshqKq fjñka mj;sk rgj,a .;aúg .%dóh m%foaYj, isg kd.ßl m%foaY fj; ckhd
;,a¨ ùfï jeä m%jk;djla oelsh yelsh' .%dóh m%foaYj, mj;akd /lshd ys.h" wvq
wOHdmk myiqlï yd wju iudc wd¾Ól myiqlï wdosh fuhg fya;= fõ' fï ksid
kd.ÍlrKfha úfYaI ,laIK lsysmhla y`ÿkd.; yelsh'

• rfÜ uq¿ ck.ykfhka ie,lsh hq;= m%;sY;hla k.rj, jdih lsÍu

• kd.ßl m%foaYj, wvq wdodhï,dNS mjq,a m%udKh jeä ùu
• kqmqyqKq Y%ñlhka m%udKh j¾Okh ùu
• /lshd úrys; úYd, ;reK msßila ìys ùu
• /lshd fkdue;s nj ksid kS;s úfrdaë l%shdj, ksr; jk msßi jeäùu
• wvq N+ñ m%foaYhla ;=< úYd, ck.ykhla tla /ia ùu ;=< fi!LH"
wOHdmksl yd iudc .eg¨ we;sùu ^o is,ajd" 2004&'
fufia .%dóh ckhd k.rh fj; ixl%uK ù ish wjYH;d imqrd .kakd f;la
tysu ia:dk.; ùug .kakd W;aidyh u; k.rh ;=< oeä ;onohla yg.kS' tys
m%;sM,hla f,ig yg.kakd jQ wkjir mosxÑùï wdosh ksidfjka me,am;a uqvqlal= wdoS
b;d iq¨ N+ñ m%udKhl úYd, msßila ;djld,slj ksjdi ;kdf.k cSj;a fõ' fï wvq
myiqlï iys; ck;dj ksidfjka k.rh ;=< úúO .eg¨ /ila ks¾udKh lsÍug fya;=
fõ' kd.ßl iudc jeishka w;r tlsfkld flfrys mj;akd iïnkao;djhka fyda
neoSula oelsh fkdyelsh' wfkl=;a .eg¨ fukau kd.ÍlrKh j¾Okh;a iu`. wmrdO

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j¾Okho isÿj we;' kd.ßl iudcfha wmrdO j¾Okh ùu k.rj, iduh mj;ajdf.k
hdug ndOdjla jkakd fiau úfYaIfhka ldka;djkag cSj;a ùug kqiqÿqiq ia:dkhlanjg
m;aj we;' tÈfkod Ôú;fha mj;akd ;r`.ldß;ajh" mßfNdack øjH ms<sn`o wksis f,i
is;Su yd tajd wksis mßÈ /ia lsÍu" wd;aud¾:ldñ;ajh" idyisl;ajh" iudc wd¾:sl
úIu;dj yd ú/lshdj yd ;kslu oekSu jeks ye`.Sï wdÈh kd.ßl iudcfha wmrdO
j¾Okh flfrys n,msk uQ,slu fya;= idOl njg m;aj we;' k.rfha Ôj;ajk
mSä;hka yd uqvqlal= jeishka muKla fkdj we;eï úg iqfLdamfNda.S Ôú;hl
wjYH;djka imqrd.ekSu i`oyd Okj;a me,eka;sfha mjq,aj, ;reKhskao wmrdO i`oyd
fhduq ù we;' Dutt yd Venugopal (1983) isÿl< wOHhkhlg wkqj bxoshdfõ W;=re
uOHu m%foaYj,oS m%pKavldÍ kd.ßl wmrdO tkï ñkS ueÍï" meyer.ekSï"
uxfld,a,lEï" ¥IKh lsÍï jvd;a lemS fmfkk nj;a W;=re ueo m<d; ;=< wd¾Ól
wmrdO tkï" fidrlu" jxpd lsÍu" úYajdi ìo oeóu wdÈh isÿ jk nj wkdjrKh
fldg f.k we;' fuu l,dmfha mj;akd oßø;djh ksid wd¾Ól wmrdO isÿjk nj
meyeÈ,sh (Chand, 2015). tfiau k.rh flakaøia:dkh fldg .ksñka cSj;a jkakd jQ
udj;ajdiS <uhska wmrdOlrejkaf.a iqyqUq,a wjêh miq lrñka isák njg;a" Tjqka
úúOdldr wmpdrj,g iïnkaO jk njg;a" idudkH l%shdldrlï isÿ lrñka k.rh
;=< cSj;a ùu ienE ;;a;ajhla fkdjk nj;a fld<U k.rh wdY%s;j cSj;a jk
udj;ajdiS <uhska iïnkaOj isÿ l< m¾fhaIKhla ;=<ska wkdjrKh fldg we;
^úfÊj¾Ok" 2016&'

fâúâ fjhsian¾â (David Weisburd)" fIdaka nqIafõ (Shawn Bushway)"

iska;shd ¨ï (Cynthia Lum) yd iQ-ñka.a hka.a (Sue-Ming Young) úiska 1987 oS wmrdO
isÿ jk ia:dkj, l%shdldß;ajh ms<sn`o fjdIsxgka k.rfha m¾fhaIKhla isÿ lr we;'
tys isheg,a ùosj, wmrdO jHdma;sh jir 34la mqrd isÿj we;s wdldrh ks, wmrdO o;a;
weiqßka wOHhkh fldg we;' wmrdO m%jK;d wOHhkh lsÍu i`oyd k.rfha b;d
l=vd m%foaY fhdod .eKqkq w;r lKavdhï mdol iDcq úYaf,aIK fuu wOHhkh i`oyd
fhdod .eKqks' tysoS wkdjrKh jQfha wmrdO l%shdjka ia:djrj mj;akd njhs'
idfmalaIj we;eï ia:dkj, m%udKfhka jeä fyda wvq fjñka mj;sk w;r we;eï
ia:dkj, muKla wmrdOj, l%ñl wvq úula isÿj we;' kuq;a fuh isÿ jk wdldrh
f;areï .ekSu wmyiq jkqfha N+ñfha isÿ jk iq¨ mßudK fjkialï ksidfjks
^Weisburd, Bushway, Lum and Young, 1987&'

kd.rSlrKh wmrdOj,f fya;= fõ hehs ksYaÑ;j i`oyka l< fkdyel' kuq;a

kd.ßl wmrdO iajhxl%Shj isÿ fkdjk w;r k.rh ksis f,i ie,iqï lr fkd;snqfka
kï kd.ÍlrKh wmrdO i`oyd wkqn, ,nd fohs' khsÔßhdfõ j¾Okh fjñka mj;sk
m%Odk k.r tkï" f,daf.dia" Wfhda" le,an¾ wdÈ k.r kd.ßl wmrdO j¾Okhg uqyqK
foñka isà' fï ms<sn`o wOHhkhl kshe,qKq Wlandhs yd wfkl=;a m¾fhaIlhska
kd.ÍlrKh yd wmrdO w;r iïnkaO;djhla mj;sk nj olajd we;' k.rj, isÿjk
wêl ck.yk j¾Okh ksidfjka jxpdlrejkao iEu úgu úYd, msßila isà'
khsÔßhdkq kd.ßl wxYfha wju jYfhka tla fyda wmrdOhla Èkm;d isÿ ù we;' tysoS
uxfld,a, lEï 27'3] ls' fï i`oyd ú/lshdj yd oßø;dj m%N, n,mEula lrhs' u;aøjH
Ndú;h" uxfld,a, lEï wdÈho fuu fya;=j u; ks¾udKh fõ (Ukvayi, Ojony and
Anam, 2017)' tfiau j¾;udkfha khscSrshdfõ fndfyda kd.ßl uOHia:dkj,oS
wmrdOldÍ l%shdjka yd m%pKav;ajh ;=<ska Nhdkl m%;sM, Woa.; ù we;' fï ;=<ska
mqoa., yd foam<j,g ydks ùu u; ixysÈhdj" iduh" iudc m¾hdh fukau iudc
wdrlaIdj flfrys ;¾ckhla we;s fõ' tfiau tu`.ska mqoa.,hskaf.a Ôú;fha
.=Kd;aulNdjhg ydks muqKqjhs (Ahmed and Salihu, 2013).

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wcd;a wyuâ u,sla (Ajas Ahmad malik) úiska 2016 oS kd.ÍlrKh yd wmrdO
ms<sn`o idfmalaI úYf,aIKhla isÿ lr we;s w;r kd.ßl iudcfha .%dóh iudchg
idfmalaIj b;d by< wmrdO uÜgula mj;sk nj i`oyka lrhs' fufia wmrdO by<
hdu flfrys wd¾Ól WoaOukh fukau wdodhï wiudk;dj fya;= fõ' tfiau wdkqNúl
wOHhkhla isÿ lrñka Tyq ;j ÿrg;a kd.ÍlrKh yd wmrdO tlsfklg neÿkdjQ
kshdukhka nj wjOdrKh fldg we;s w;r 2016 g fmr jir lsysmh ;=< kd.ÍlrKh
jQ m%foaY ;=< wmrdO wkqmd;fhys j¾Okhla isÿ ù we;s wdldrhla ^WodyrK - bxoshd
rdcH& oel .; yels nj olajhs (Malik, 2016)'

wmrdO ks¾udKh lrkq ,enQ fN!;sl idOl y`ÿkd .ekSu kñka isÿ l< m¾fhaIKh
;=<ska wmrdO isÿ jQ mßirhka ms<sn`o yÿkdf.k we;s w;r wmrdO wvq lsÍug .;
hq;= fN!;sl l%shdud¾. ms<sn`o wjOdrKh lr we;' tkï"
• fmdÿ m%foaY wju lsÍu
• fm!oa.,sl ysñlu jeälr .ekSu
• mdßißl m%fõYùï fyj;a mdr.uH;dj wju lsÍu
hkddoshhs (Saville and Sarkissian, 1998).
N+f.da,Sh f;dr;=re moaO;sh (GIS) u`.ska kd.ßl bvï Ndú;fha n,mEu iïnkaOj
¨äka iy hQfid*a úiska m¾fhaIKla isÿ lr we;s w;r tu`.ska bvï mßyrK yd
ie,iqïlrKh u; iudcfha isÿjk u;aøjH yd wfkl=;a wmrdO ms<sn`o wOHhkh
flf¾' wmrdO ls%hd yd fN!;sl fyda iudc wjldYh w;r ueksh yels in`o;djla
mj;sk nj wjOdrKh fldg we;' tfukau wjia:duh kHdkhg ^Opportunity
Theory) wkqj wmrdO >k;ajh yd ck.yk >k;ajh ixl,amuh jYfhka iïnkaO
jk njhs' tfiau wmrdO lrejkag wmrdO isÿ lsÍug mj;akd fyd`ou ud¾.hka
jkafka wêl r:jdyk ;onoh iys; ud¾." mosl md,ï iy nia kej;=ïfmd,j,a
wdÈhhs (Ludin, Aziz, Yusoff and Razak, 2013).
Y%S ,xldfõ wmrdO flfrys n,mE fya;= idOl ms<sn`o isÿ l< mßfhaIKhloS
kd.ßl iudcfha mj;skd jQ ia;%S ¥IK yd ñkS uereï i`oyd n,mdkakd jQ idOlhka
ms<sn`o wOHhkh fldg we;' tysoS tu wmrdOhka isÿ lsÍug wmrdOlref.a iudÔh
mßirfha n,mEu flfrys wjOdkh fhduq fldg we;' tysoS wkdjrKh jQfha
wmrdOlrejkaf.a my< wOHdmk uÜgu;a my< wd¾Ól ;;a;ajh;a fya;= jQ
njhs'^ch;=x." 2010&' kd.ßl ;reK l,a,s wdY%s; iudc úfrdaë yeisÍï rgdjka yd
tajdfhys n,mEu ms<sn`o isÿ l< wOHhkh ;=<ska wjOdrKh l< lreKq jQfha
;reK l,a,s ìysùu i`oyd kd.ßl N+f.da,Sh miqìu yev.eiS we;s wdldrh;a
kd.ßl fN!;sl mßirh iy l,a,s yeisÍï" p¾hd rgd w;r jQ iïnkaOh;a l,a,s
wmrdOj,ska kd.ßl mßirhg we;s n,mEu;a hkdosh ms<sn`o wjOdrKh lr we;
(Wjjewardhena, 2015).

kd.ÍlrKh fya;= fldg f.k iudch ;=< úúO wjia:djka mqoa,hkag ysñ fõ'
tkï /lshd" Wiia wOHdmk" ksjdi jvd myiq .ukd.uk iy rdcH mßmd,kuh
lghq;= myiq lr .ekSuo fu ;=<ska isÿ fõ' k.r wdY%s; jeishkag fuu wd¾Ól
;;a;ajhka <.d lr .ekSug fkdyels ùu u; we;sjk iudcSh .eg¨ fndfyda f,i
jd¾;d fõ' ta w;r wmrdO m%uqL ia:dkhla .kS' fndfyda wdkqnúl wOHhkhka u.ska
jd¾;d ù we;s mßÈ kd.ßl m%foaYj, wmrdO isÿqùfï m%k;dj b;d by< uÜgul
mj;sk wdldrhla fmfka' kd.ÍlrKh iy wmrdO w;r in`o;djla mj;skafkao
hkak wOHhkh lsÍu m¾fhaIKfha wOHhk .eg,qj úh' kd.ÍlrKh iy wmrdO
w;r mj;akd in`o;dj y`ÿkd.ksñka tajd je<elaùug .; yels l%shdud¾. fhdackd
lsÍu fuu m¾fhaIKfha m%Odk wruqK úh' kd.ßl iudcfha mj;akd wmrdO

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l%shd;aul ùu i`oyd tu mßirh wkqn,hla ,nd fokafkao hkak;a kd.ÍlrKh

fya;= fldgf.k wmrdO m%jK;dj ljf¾o hkak;a fuysoS iqúfYaIS wruqKq jYfhka
wOHhkhg n`ÿka lrk ,os'

l%ufõoh

l%ufõoh mshjr 4la Tiafia isÿ lrkq ,nQ w;r m<uq mshjr hgf;a lafIa;%h f;dard
.ekSu i`oyd wmrdO fldÜGdi úu¾Yk jd¾; u`.ska jeäu wmrdOhka isÿjk
osia;%Slalh f;dard .ekSug isÿ úh' ta wkqj fld<U osia;%slalfha wmrdO jeäu f,i
jd¾;djk osia;%Slalh jQ w;r tys m%Odk jdksc uOHia:dkhka jk fld<U fldgqj iy
msgfldgqj m%foaY m¾fhaIK lafIa;% f,i f;dard .eKqks' fld<U" wmrdO jd¾;d
fldÜGdifha ixLHd o;a; iy wmrdO jd¾;d wkqj jeäu wmrdO m%udKhla jd¾;d ù
we;s fld<U fldgqj iy msgfldgqj wdY%s;j fuu m¾fhaIKh isÿ flreKs' fldgqj
iy msgfldgqj fmd,sia ia:dkhka fj; jd¾;d jQ wmrdO fukau wmrdO ia:dk jd¾;d
fldÜGdih fj; jd¾;d jQ wmrdO fuysoS m%Odk jYfhka oaú;Sl o;a; f,i fhdod
.eKqks' fld<U" wmrdO jd¾;d fldÜGdifha ixLHd o;a; iy lafIa;%fha fmd,sia
ia:dkhkays wmrdO jd¾;d wkqj jeäu wmrdO m%udKhla jd¾;d ù we;s fld<U fldgqj
iy msgfldgqj wdY%s;j fuu m¾fhaIKh isÿ flreKs' fuysoS oaú;Sl o;a; fukau
fmd,sia ks,Odßka iy m%cdj iu`. isÿ l< iïuqL idlÉPd yd m%Yakdj,S u`.ska ,nd
.;a o;a; úYaf,aIKh i`oyd fhdod .eKqks'

fojk mshjr jYfhka wod< lafIa;%h ksÍlaIKhg nÿka lrkq ,enQ w;r mQ¾j
wOhhkla (Pilot Survey) lafIa;%h ;=< isÿ lrñka m%Yakdj,sh iEoSug wjYH o;a; /ia
lr .kakd ,oS' tfiau fmd,sia jd¾;djka mßYS,kh ;=<ska o o;a; ,nd .eKqks' tfukau
fmd,sia ks,Odßka iu`. isÿ l< úêu;a iïuqL idlÉPd u`.ska o ;j ÿrg;a o;a; imhd
.eKqkq w;r wod< lafIa;%fha fj<odfï kshq;= lv ysñhka" ùos fjf<kaoka iy kd.ßl
jeishkaf.ka m%Yakdj,S u`.ska f;jk mshjf¾oS f;dr;=re imhd .kakd ,os' o;a; /ia
lsÍu ;rula wmyiq ld¾hhla jQ ksidfjka lafIa;% m¾fhaIK isÿ lr we;s m<mqreÿ
lKavdhula fï i`oyd fhdod .ekSug isÿ úh' tysoS m¾fhaIK iyldrjreka iy iyh
l:sldpd¾hjreka f,i fiajh lrkq ,nkakkaf.a lKavdhula fhdod .ksñka
mrfhaIKh osh;a lrkq ,enQ w;r tksidu Tjqka yryd ,nd .kakd lreKq j,
ksrjoH;dj ;j ÿrg;a ikd: lr.; yelsúh'

isõjk mshjr jYfhka ,nd .kakd ,o f;dr;=re j, i;H wi;H;dj ikd:

lr .ekSu i`oyd lafI%;%hg f.dia wmrdO nyq,j isÿjk ia:dkj, .ejfiñka ia:dkSh
ksÍlaIKhla isÿ l, w;r tu`.ska m%cdjf.ka ,nd .eKqkq f;dr;=re ;j ÿr;a
iyNd.s;aj ksÍlaIKh u`.ska ;yjqre lr .eKqks'

m¾fhaIKfha ksheosh i`oyd fj<o m%cdj 50 lao kd.ßl mosxÑlrejka 50

fofklao fmd,sia ks,Odßka 30la o fhdod .eKks' tfukau 2010 isg 2018 olajd fldgqj
iy msgfldgqj m%foaYhkaf.a fmd,sia ia:dk fj; jd¾;d jQ wmrdOhkaf.a ixLHd;aul
o;a; iy tajdfha rgdjka ms<sn`oj o úYaf,aYkh lrk ,os' tu o;a; úYaf,aYkh i`oyd
SPSS uDÿldx.h fhdod .eKqks'
m%;sM, iy idlÉPd

m¾fhaIKh ;=<ska fld<U kd.ßl mßirh uq,a fldg f.k ks¾udKh ù we;s iudc m%Yak
fukau wmrdO ms<sn`o fndfyda lreKq wkdjrKh lr .; yels úh' idys;H úu¾Yk ;=<ska
wkdjrKh lr we;s mßosu kd.ÍlrKh fya;= fldg f.k fndfyda wmrdO isÿ jk nj fuu

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m¾fhaIKh ;=<ska wkdjrKh úh' úfYaIfhkau kd.ßl iudcfha isÿjk wmrdOhkag

m%Odk;u fya;=j f,i m%cdjf.ka ,enqKq ms<s;=re jQfha u;aøH Ndú; lrkakkaf.a ixLHdj
wêl ùuhs' úfYaIfhka f;d. nvq lvj,g /f.k hk kdÜgdóka f,i fiajfha
fhfokakkaf.ka nyq;rh u;aøjH Ndú;d lrkakka fõ' Tjqkaf.a yeisÍï iajNdjhkays
fjkialï lafIa;% ksÍlaIKfhaoS ;yjqre úh' Tjqka Ndú;d lrk u;aøjH w;r l=vq" .xcd" wNsx"
wem,a ^u;aøjH j¾.hla& wdosh m%Odk úh' fuu u;aøjH ñ,oS .ekSu i`oyd Tjqka ksrka;rfhka
fidrlug fmf<fUk nj wkdjrKh úh' msgfldgqj .=Kisxymqr nia kej;=ïfmdf,ys
m<;=re fj<odfï ksr; fjf<kaol= ish w;aoelSï m¾fhaIKh ;=<oS wkdjrKh lf<a my;
mßoafoks'
zzfkdak;a tlal fï l;d lrk ál we;s fu;k fudkd yß ke;s fjkak'
wms osyd oeka fï ;;amf¾g 100la ú;r n,df.k we;s l=vq ldrfhda' fï
Bfha fmf¾od ux Tfydu tlaflfkla tlal l;d lr lr bkak álg
Wiai,dfka wem,a fmÜá 2lau' tlla remsh,a 6000 la fjkjd' b;sx
fkdakd ;j;a fudk l;do''''' fïfla yeu ;eku bkafka l=vq ldrfhda
;uhsZZ
lafIa;% ksÍlaIKfha oS o tys mj;akd wkdrlaIs; nj ;j ÿrg;a wjfndaO fldg .;
yels úh' báfros j,ska jglr ie,iqulska f;drj bos lr we;ss lvj,g mjd CCTV wdrlaIs;
leurd iúlr we;s wdldrhla kÍlaIKh ùfuka meyeos,s jkqfha fld<U k.rh ;=< mj;akd
oeä wkdrlaIs; njhs' tfukau wmrdO isÿjk ia:dk fndfydauhla o;a; odhlhska úiska
wkdjrKh lrkq ,enQfhaa fmdÿ ckhd nyq, jYfhka .ejfik ia:dk jk nia kej;=ï fmd<"
msgfldgqj fnda .y wi," iajhx /lshd fj<o uOHia:dkh fukau m%Odk ùosfha njhs'
is;shï wxl 01- fldgqj yd msgfldgqj m%foaYfha wmrdO isÿjk ia:dk 2017-2018

^o;a; odhlhd úiska iïmdos;hs" 2018&

o;a; úYaf,aYkh yryd kd.ßl mßirh ;=< jd¾;d jk wmrdO rgdjka fukau tajdfha
m%jK;djka ljf¾o hkak my; m%ia:drh ;=<ska yÿkd.; yels fõ'

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 Proceedings of 8th International Symposium-2018, SEUSL

j.= wxl 01 - fldgqj iy msgflgqj m%foaYfha wmrdO jd¾;d

120%
48%
100%

80%

60% 53%

40% 17%
14%
20% 13% 7% 11% 2%
6% 2% 4% 7% 5%
1%
0% 2% 1% 0% 1% 1% 2% 0%
1% 0
0%

msgfldgqj2
fldgqj2

^fldgqj yd msgfldgqj fmd,sia jd¾;d" 2018&'

fmd,sia jd¾;dj,g wkqj jeä jYfhkau wmrdO jd¾;d jkafka msgfldgqj m%foaY ;=<hs'
fmd,sia ks,OdÍkaf.ka ,o o;a;hkag wkqj fï i`oyd fya;= jQfha fldgqj m%foaYhg jvd
msgfldgqj m%foaYh jdkscuh uOHia:dkhla ùuhs' b;du;a jHdl+, fukau NdKav ,nd .ekSug
meñfKk ckhdf.ka .yk jQ b;du f.daIdldÍ m%foaYhls' fuu m%foaYh ish,q .Kfha NdKav
tkï ma,diaála NdKavhkaf.a isg hdka;%sl NdKav" f;d. fukau is,a,r jYfhkao úl=Kkq
,nk b;d mgq ìï fldgilska hqla; jQ m%foaYhls' tu f;d. nvq ñ,oS .ekSug meñfKk
mqoa.,hka fukau ,xldfõ /lshd i`oyd fld<U m%foaYhg meñfKk mqoa.,hkaf.a m%Odk
yqjudre uOHia:dkhla jkafkao msgfldgqjhs' fï fya;= fldgf.k meñfKk ckhd w,,d
fidrlï iy uxfld,a,lEï nyq, jYfhka isÿ jk nj jd¾;d fõ' Wla; m%ia:drfha i`oyka
mßos fuu m%foaYh ;=< isÿj we;s wmrdOhkaf.ka nyq;rhla ^49]& la fidrlï úh' ta w;r
fld,a,lEï iy jxpdjkao nyq, úh'

fld<U k.rfha mj;akd jQ wúêu;a me,am;a yd fma<s ksjdij, Ôj;a jk wvq wdodhï
,nkakka wmrdO i`oyd nyq, jYfhka fhduq jk wdldrhla oelsh yelsh' ffokslj úYd,
msßila fj<o lghq;= yd ld¾hd, lghq;= i`oyd fldgqj m%foaYhg /iaùu ksid oeä ud¾.
;onohla yd >k;ajhla yg .kS' fufia mgq iSudjla ;=< isÿ jkakd jQ fuu ;onoh wmrdO
we;s ùu flfrys wkqn,hla ,nd fohs' kd.ßl mßirh ;=< wmrdO nyq,ùu flfrys úkaos;hdo
m%N, n,mEula isÿ lrk nj fj<`o m%cdj ;=<ska wkdjrKh úh' Tjqkaf.a wjOdkh ÿ¾j, ùu
fukau fkdie,ls,su;a lu fï i`oyd fya;= jk nj o;a; odhlhskaf.ka 86]la m%ldY lrk
,os'

tfiau wjqreoafoa ld, jljdkq wkqj wmrdO isÿ ùfï m%jk;djkaf.a hï fjkia ùfï
rgdjla wkdjrKh úh' W;aij ld, jljdkq j,oS wfkl=;a udij,g idfmalaIj wmrdO
j¾Okh ùula oelsh yelsh' ish wjYH;djka imqrd .ekSug iy wkkH;djh i`.jd lghq;=
l< yels mßirhla kd.ßlnj ;=< ;sîu u; wmrdO flfrys fhduqj u;aøjH Ndú;h" .Ksld
jD;a;sh" ñkSueÍï" uxfld,a,lEï iy ia;%S ¥IK wdoS wmrdO isoaëka ta w;r m%Odk ù we;' mgq
uxudj;a" .rd jegqKq f.dvke.s<s ;=< iy wmrdO lsÍu i`oyd ks¾udKh lr.;a we;eï ia:dk
(Hotspot) uQ,sl lrf.k wmrdOhka nyq,j isÿjk nj ksÍlaIKh úh' k.rdY%s;j wmrdO
md,kh lsÍfuys,d k.r ie,iqïlrK ls%hdj,sh ksis mßos isÿ lsÍu w;HjYH fõ' f,dalfha

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fndfyda rgj,a j¾;udkfha mdßißl ie,iqï u`.ska wmrdO je<elaùfï l%uh (CPTED) fhdod
.ksñka kd.ßl wmrdO je<elaùu ms<sn`o wjOdkh fhduq lsÍu ldf,daÑ;h'

idrdxYh

fld<U k.rfha m%Odk fj<o uOHia:dkhla jk fldgqj yd msgfldgqj m%foaY ;=<g

osklg /ia jkakd jQ wêl ck ixLHdj fukau ta Wfoid osfkka osk wl%ñlj bosjk fiajd
wdh;k ksidfjka kd.ÍlrKh W.% fjuka mj;S' fld<U k.rh ;=< l%ñlj j¾Okh jkakd
jQ ck.ykh fya;=fjka m%foaYh kd.rSlrKhg n`ÿka jk w;r l%uj;a ie,iqï lsÍulska
f;drj k.rh mq¨,a ùu u; f.dv kef.kakd jQ iudc .eg¨ rdYshls' u;aøjH Ndú;h" .Ksld
jD;a;sh" ñkSueÍï iy uxfld,a,lEï úYd, jYfhka j¾Okh ù we;' b;d mgq ùos iy Ndú;hg
fkd.kakd jQ mrK f.dvke.s,s fukau wkjir f,i boslr we;s me,am;a yd uqvqlal= wmrdO
isÿ lsÍug f;da;ekakla ù we;' f,dalfha fndfyduhla rgj,a j¾;udkh jk úg;a mßirh
ie,iqï lsÍu yryd wmrdO wju lsÍfï ixl,amh ^CPTED& fhdod f.k we;' tysoS
wmrdOlrejdg wmrdO isÿ lsÍug we;s bvlv wju lsÍula úúO l%uhka weiqre lr.ksñka isÿ
lrkq ,nk w;r wmrdOlrejdf.a ufkda Ndjhka fjkia lsÍï mßirh yryd isÿ lsÍu
flfryso tysoS fhduqj we;s wdldrhla meyeÈ,s fõ' j¾Okh jkakd jQ wmrdOhka md,kfhys,d
fld<U kd.ßl ie,iqïlrKh i`oyd CPTED l%uh fhdod .ekSu ms<sn`o wjOdkh fhduq lsÍu
ldf,daÑ; fõ'

wdY%s; .%ka:
wmrdO fldÜGdi jd¾;d" ^2018&' wmrdO jd¾;d fldÜGdih( fld<U'

ck yd ksjdi ix.Kk jd¾;dj" ^2012&' ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomd¾;fïka;=j" n;a;ruq,a,'

o is,ajd" whs' ^2004&' ck.yk wOHhkh YS% ,xldj weiqfrka' fld<U( l;D m%ldYkhla'

úfÊ;=x." tÉ' ^2008&' .=Kfiak uyd isxy, Yío fldaIh' fld<U( .=Kfiak iy iud.u'

úfÊj¾Ok" tka' ^2016&' ¥ú,s u,a( udj;ajdiS <uhska ms<sn`o m¾fhaIKd;aul újrKhla ' fld<U 10( weia
f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda ^mqoa.,sl& iud.u'

iurfldaka" tï' ^2009&' kd.rsl iudc úoHdj' l;D m%ldYk'

Ahmed, M., and Salihu, R.S. (2013). Spatiotemporal pattern of crime using geographic information
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Gelles, J. R., & Levine A. (1999). Sociology an introduction. United States of America: McGraw-Hill.

Gordon, M., & David S. (2014). Urbanization Concept and Trends. London: IIED working paper
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Ludin, A. N. M., Aziz, N. A., Yusoff, N. and Razak, W. J. W. A., (2013). Impacts of Urban Land Use on
Crime Patterns Through GIS Application. Geographical analysis in urban planning, 2, 1-22.

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Rikesh, K. (2009). What is Urbanization. Available on https://www.conserve-energy

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Worth, L. (1938). Urbanism as a way of life. American Journal of Sociology, 44, 1-24.

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