DC – AC Converter

Contd…..

Single Phase Bridge Inverter

Performance Parameters of Inverter

Dr. Bishnu Prasad Muni

Vasavi College of Engineering, Hyderabad
Single Phase Full Bridge Inverter
Single Phase ‘H’ Bridge Inverter
RMS value of Output Voltage

Instantaneous output voltage can be written in a Fourier series as given below:

Due to the quarter-wave symmetry along the x-axis, both a0 and an are zero.

bn =

Due to half wave symmetry , there are no even harmonics.

For n = 1, rms value of fundamental component of output voltage

Instantaneous value of 3rd harmonics

RMS value of 3rd harmonics:

• Harmonic amplitudes decrease as n increases.

• No even harmonics.
• Nearest harmonic is the third, if the fundamental is 50 Hz, then the third harmonic is 150Hz and
the fifth harmonic 250 Hz

The instantaneous load current i0 for an RL load can be written as:

+ .......
 DC Input Current :

Neglecting any losses, the input power is equal to out power.

For inductive load and relatively high-switching frequencies, the load current io and the output voltage may
be assumed sinusoidal. Because the dc supply voltage remains constant vs(t) = Vs, we get
 It can be simplified as given below:

Where,
Vo1 is the fundamental rms output voltage;
Io is the rms load current;
is the load impedance angle at the fundamental frequency.

The above equation indicates the presence of a second-order harmonic of the same order of magnitude as the
dc supply current. This harmonic is injected back into the dc voltage source. Thus, the design should consider
this to guarantee a nearly constant dc-link voltage. Hence, a large capacitor is normally connected across the
dc voltage source.
Performance Parameters of an Inverter

The input voltage to an inverter is DC and the output voltage (or current) is AC. The output should ideally be an
AC of pure sine wave, but the output voltage of a practical inverter contains harmonics.

The inverter draws current from the DC input source only when the inverter connects the load to the supply
source and the input current is not pure DC, but it contains harmonics.

The quality of an inverter is normally evaluated in terms of the following performance parameters.

•Input Power to the Inverter:

Where, VS and IS are the average input voltage and input current.
 The rms ripple content of the input current :

Where, Ii and Is are the rms and average values of the dc supply current.

The ripple factor of the input current:

AC output power :

Where, Vo and Io are the rms load voltage and load current, is the angle of the load impedance.

Harmonic factor of nth harmonic (HFn). The harmonic factor (of the nth harmonic), is a measure of individual
harmonic contribution :
Total harmonic distortion (THD). THD gives the total harmonic content in the waveform

THD in output Voltage, THD in output current

Distortion factor (DF). The DF indicates the amount of HD that remains in a particular waveform after the
harmonics of that waveform have been subjected to a second-order attenuation (i.e., divided by n2).

If a filter is used at the output of inverters, the higher order harmonics would be attenuated more effectively.
The DF is a measure of effectiveness in reducing unwanted harmonics without having to specify the values of a
second-order load filter and is defined as

The DF of an individual (or nth) harmonic component

Lowest order harmonic (LOH). The LOH is that harmonic component whose frequency is closest to the
fundamental one, and its amplitude is greater than or equal to 3% of the fundamental component.
Prob. 1: The single-phase half-bridge inverter is connected to a resistive load of R = 2.4 Ω and the dc input voltage
is Vs = 48V.

Determine (a) the rms output voltage at the fundamental frequency Vo1, (b) the output power Po, (c) the average
and peak currents of each transistor, (d) the peak reverse blocking voltage of each switch, (e) the average supply
current Is, (f) the THD,(g) the DF, and (h) the HF and LOH.

Prob. 2: The single-phase bridge inverter is connected to a resistive load of R = 2.4 Ω and the dc input voltage is
Vs = 48V.

Determine (a) the rms output voltage at the fundamental frequency Vo1, (b) the output power Po, (c) the average
and peak currents of each transistor, (d) the peak reverse blocking voltage of each switch, (e) the average supply
current Is, (f) the THD,(g) the DF, and (h) the HF and LOH.

Prob. 3: A single phase bridge is connected to a RLC load of R = 10 Ω,L = 31.5mH,and C = 112μF.
The inverter frequency is f0 = 50Hz and dc input voltage is Vs = 220V.
(a) Express the instantaneous load current in Fourier series. Calculate (b) the rms load current at the fundamental
frequency Io1, (c) the THD of the load current, (d) the power absorbed by the load P0 and the fundamental power
P01, (e) the average current of dc supply Is, and (f) the rms and peak current of each transistor. (g) Draw the
waveform of fundamental load current and show the conduction intervals of transistors and diodes. Calculate the
conduction time of (h) the IGBTs, (i) the diodes, and (j) the effective load angle θ.
Prob 4. A single-phase IGBT bridge inverter circuit is connected to load resistance R =10 Ω. The source volatge
Vdc =125 V, and output voltage frequency fo = 50 Hz.

(a) Draw the output voltage and load current waveforms.

(b) Derive the rms value of the output voltage waveform and hence calculate the output power Po in terms of the
output voltage.
(c) Analyse the amplitude of the Fourier series terms of the output voltage waveform by considering up to the 7th
order harmonic. Determine the value of the rms output voltage in terms of harmonics rms values.
(d) Calculate the average and peak currents of each transistor.
(e) Estimate the total harmonic distortion factor THD of the circuit.

Prob. 5: A single-phase full-bridge, IGBT is supplied from a DC voltage source

Vdc =100 V, connected to series R-L load with R=10 Ω, and L = 25 mH and the output frequency is 50 Hz.

Analyse the circuit by determining: (a)The amplitudes of the Fourier series terms for the output voltage wave
up to the 9th order harmonics, (b)The amplitudes of the Fourier series terms for the load current wave up to
the 9th order harmonics, (c) The power absorbed by the load in terms of harmonics, (d) Compute the total
harmonic distortion factor (THD).