Tuition ee Revision Notes for Math GCE N-Level (4045) TOPIC-1 Numbers, Time and Percentage 1. The Number System Positive integers Whole numbers Integers: SN zero S.Negative integers Rational numbers ae . __-— Positive fractions Real numbers: Fractions Negative fractions Ircational numbers (a) Positive integers: 1, 2,3, (6) Whole numbers: 0, 1,2, (©) Negative integers: -1, -2, -3, (@) Integers Sa L Od, 2 a @ Rational mambers: - where a, b are integers and b = 0, (© Aninional number is :momber which cannot be expressed inthe form © where a, bare infegers and b+ 0. (g) Real numbers are the set of ratioual and isrational numbers. 2. Prime Numbers and Prime Factorisation, (a) Aprime number is number which has exactly 2 different factors, 1 and the number itself Eg, Prime numbers are 2, 3, 5,7, 11, 13, () A.composite number is a number with more than two different factors. E.g., Composite numbers are 4, 6,8, 9, 10, 12,14, {@ Thenumber | is neither prime nor composite. (d) In prime factorisation, a composite umber is expressed as a product of prime mumbers. Exg., Prime factorisation of 120 is 120= 2% « 3 «5 3. HCF and LOM (@) The HCF of two or more given numbers is the greatest number which is a common factor of these numbers. E-g. HCF of 1S and 25 is § Page 1 of 51 www.uitionwithjason.sgTuition ee Revision Notes for Math GCE N-Level (4045) (©) The LCM of two or more given numbers is the smallest number which is a common ‘multiple of these numbers. E-g. LOM of 16 and 24 is 48. 4. Squares, Square Roots. Cubes and Cube Roots (a) Ifa number y can be expressed as y=, then y is the square of x and x is the square root ofy. E.g. The square of 6 is 6’= 36 ‘The square of -6 is (6)? = 36 The square roots of 36 = + ¥36 = 46 5. Percentage (a) A percentage isa fraction with the denominator 100. Bg, = 1%, Ah 25%, B— 759% 100” 100 100 (0) Fraction to Percentage 5s Eg, 2=2 * 100% = 62.5% 33 (©) Decimal to Percentage Eg, 0.65 = 0.65 x 100% = 65% (d) Percentage to Fraction or Decimal 23 Eg, 12%= 2-5 e Io 25 2aure= 22.5% = 223 8+5¢ Bv-Sr>8—2 26 x53 (b) When the sotution set of an inequality is represented on a number line, a dot * is used if the value is included, otherwise an empty circle o is used. Eg. The solution set for x <3 is as follow. © @=1 Eg. 2-1 (%)-1 a sal @« Eg.24= 35 © Ga Eg, QP = 2" (8) ab =(ab)* Eg, 2% 5 =10 a” _fay ae or(§) a ad a) a =a @ a ay =r Page 14 of 51 www.uitionwithjason.sgTuition a see Revision Notes for Math GCE N-Level (4045) TOPICS Number Sequence and Problem Solving ‘A number sequence is a set of numbers arranged in such a way that each successive number follows the preceding of according to a certain rule. ‘The mimbers in a sequence is called the terms of the sequence. (One way to define a sequence is to give a fornnala for the n* term. Eg. The nt term of the sequence 3, 5,7.9,__is 2n +1 Example 1 Find the nth term of the following sequence (a) 5,8,11,14, (b) 4,9,16,25, Solution: (a) 3n+2 @) @ay Example 2 (a) The nth term ofa sequence is given by 2n° + 1, Write down the first 4 terms, (b) The first 4 terms of another sequence are 1, 7, 17, 31, @ Write down the next term. Gi) By comparing this sequence with your answer to (a), write down the nth term. Solution: (a) 20)? +1, 20) 1, 2)°+ 1, 2) + ) @ 49 Gi) mth erm 20? + 1 2-2-1 3,9, 19, 33 Example 3 Consider the pattern p-o Page 15 of 51 www.uitionwithjason.sgRevision Notes for Math GCE N-Level (4045) (a) Write down the 71h fine in the pattern (b) Find the value of 143?— 142°, (©) Find integer values of x and y which satisfy the equation x°—3* = 101 Solution: 4-6 = 13 43? — 142? =143 + 142 = 285 #- p= 101 G+ G@-y)= 101 We need to find two consecutive integers whose sum is 101 and the difference is 1. Since 101 +2= 50 we choose x=51 and y= 50. Example 4 ‘Which sticks are used to form the pattems below, wo ee em Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig 3 Fig Fill in the next two rows in the table below. Figure number,» | No. of small tangles, ¢ T 4 2 7 3 i0 a 13 Find the relationship between n and ¢. One of the patterns contains 61 triangles. Which figure is it? Given that 14243... + 98-+99-+ 100 = 5050, find the total member of triangles from figure Page 16 of 51 www.uitionwithjason.sgTuition see Revision Notes for Math GCE N-Level (4045) 110 figure 100. Solution: Figure number,» | No. of small tangles, ¢ 1 4 2 7 3 10 4 a3 5 16 6 19 Page 17 of 51 www.uitionwithjason.sgRevision Notes for Math GCE N-Level (4045) TOPIC Mensuration Formula ‘Square rT “Area =P ; | Perimeter= 4 Reciangle 7 Area = 1% 6 Perimeter = 2 (I 6) b Triangle Area= 4 bx h ae Parallelogram Dame 6 Area= Yh (@ +b) Trapeziam aN © Ciele Area = Circumference = 2nu = nd Sector Ave length, s = <2 2nr (isin degrees) =" (@ is an radians) a Area of sector= —— » ny? (0 is in degrees) so" « grees) Page 18 of 1 www.uitionwithjason.sgTuition a Revision Notes for Math GCE N-Level (4045) =)yre (Gis inracians) ‘Segment ‘Area of segment Area of sector — Area of triangle @ , . = «a Ar sin (0 is in degrees q a8 vA « grees) = Hire Yer sing (is in radians) Cube le Volume = @ Total surface area = 6a? Cuboid Volume =! = 6 7 Cylinder Volume = nr Curved surface area = 2nrft ‘Total surface area = 2nrh + 2m Volume =area of cross-section * length Volume — K x base area » height Page 19 of 1 wow tuitionwithjason.sgTuition sa Revision Notes for Math GCE N-Level (4045) Cane, Volume = 4 nh J h Curved surface area =m r! (opened) Curved surface area = r+ 27° (enclosed) Sphere Volume TT Surface area = xr? 2. Relation between Degree and Radian radians = 180° A madian = 42" 7 o= 4 yadian 180° ‘To convert radians to degrees, matiply the angle by 82” 7 ‘To convert degrees to radians, multiply the angle by a wow tuitionwithjason.sg Page 20 of S1Revision Notes for Math GCE N-Level (4045) TOPIC-7 Coordinate Geometry 1. Distance between (x,,y,) and B (xy) is f(s, —2)) 404-9) or Youn +i) 2. Gradient of the line joining A (x, »,) and B(x, y,) is 2% or 4 Se Byelty 3. Gradient of different types of straight lines oO > oa > 0 > 0 m>o m=o ao m=2 (undefined) 4, (a) The equation of a straight line which is parallel 10 the y axis and which passes through the point (a, Bis x=a (b) The equation of a straight line which is parallel to the x-axis and which passes through the point (a, Dis y=b y x=a ’ iB) a (ab) Hb) pad oO ott, @ . ® 7 5. The equation of a straight line having a gradient m and passing through (0, ¢) isy0, the graph has @ minimom point (i) Ma-<0, the graph has 2 maximom point Gi) The graph ofy—ax? +hy + ¢ has an axis of symmetry which passes through the minimum or masimom point (0) y= —pP tgory= Gp +g Page 33 of 1 www.uitionwithjason.sgRevision Notes for Math GCE N-Level (4045) vow—py tq Minimum point = (p,q) Maximum point =(p, 9) (©) y= fe—a) (x bj ory =—(e—a} feb) (x ax) poe ayer b) (@ x-intercepts are xa and. x-b (ii) Equation of axis of symmetry is x= £1" Graphs of y= ax where m= 1, 42,3 @ y= ax, when n= 1 ’ 9 x x of ao aco Gi) yee, when n=2 ; z ; AZ : 4 : oi a<0 Gi) yar, when 0-3 Page 34 of 51 www.uitionwithjason.sgTuition see Revision Notes for Math GCE N-Level (4045) y 4. Graphs of expor y WN IL 4 | — («0 ; 5 ential functions y ~ ka where a is a positive integer . 7 x k a a> 0,k>0 a>0,k<0 5. Gradient ofa c' urve Page 35 of 51 www.uitionwithjason.sgRevision Notes for Math GCE N-Level (4045) tangent vertical ( 1 1 tf change horizontal change Gradient of a curve at a point A = gracient ofthe tangent to the curve at point A vertical change horizontal change Graphical Solution of Equations (a) Simultaneous finear Equations ‘The solution of a pair of simultaneous linear equations is given by the coordinates of the point of intersection of their graphs. () Quadratic Equations (For quadratic equations of the form ax? + bx + ¢~0, the solution in x ean be obtained fiom the x— coordinates of the point(s) of intersection of the graph of y = ax’ + bx +e and the x-axis. Gi) For quadratic equations of the form ax? + by + ¢= de + e, the solution in x can be obtained from the x — coordinates of the point(s) of intersection of the graph of y = ax’ + bx +e and the line y~ dr +e. Page 36 of 51 www.uitionwithjason.sgTuition a see Revision Notes for Math GCE N-Level (4045) TOPIC-12 Graphs in Practical Situations (a) The absolute value of the gradient represents speed. (0) ‘The sign of the gradient indicates the direction of travel. Distance from P nce from P T Tine Positive gradient (PQ): Object travelling away from A The tangent to the curve at times Zero gradient (OR): Objects stationary represents the speed at time t. Negative gradient (R): Object travelling towards 4 2. Speed Time Graphs (@) The gradient of a speed-time graph represents acceleration. (6) The area under a speed-time graph gives the distance travelled, speed " constant, B___ speed Cc z s z f ry distance 4 1 s travelled ' y ' | x DT time oo 7 7 Positive gradient (42): Speed is increasing ‘The tangent to the curve at times Zero gradient (BC) : Speed is constant represents the acceleration. Negative gradient (CD): Speed is decreasing Page 37 of 51 wow tuitionwithjason.sgTuition see Revision Notes for Math GCE N-Level (4045) TOPIC-13 Trigonometry Pythagoras’ theorem Ina right-angled triangle, the square of the hypotenwse (side opposite sight angle) is equal to sum of squares of the other two sides, ie., c= a+b Conversely, iff triangle has sides a, b and ¢ such that e2 angled triangle. 2. Trigonometrical Ratios of Acute Angles 2+ BF then the triangle is a right SS so) yr opposite adjacent Fora right-angle triangle, POR, with reference to the angle 0, the side opposite the right angle is called the hypotemase (the longest of the 3 sides of the triangle). Opposite refers to the side that is directly opposite the angle @ and adjacent the third side sing = -bpesite hypotenuse cos 9 = —dlacent “bypotenise tang = 2bpesite adjacent 3. Angle of Elevation and Depression ‘When we look up to view an object, our line of sight makes an angle with the horizontal. We call this angle, the angle of elevation. Page 38 of 51 www.uitionwithjason.sgTuition a see Revision Notes for Math GCE N-Level (4045) ‘angle of elevation horizontal ‘angle of elevation Ab Similarly, the angle through which an observer's eye must be lowered fiom the horizontal in order to view an object is called the angle of depression. Note: The angles of elevation and depression are always measured ftom the horizontal. 4. Sine and Cosine of an Obtuse Angle 180-6 For any acute angle &, sin (180° -6)=sin 0, cos (180°— 0) =— cos 8, 5. The Sine Rule © B For a triangle ARC, the Sine Rule states that inc a bose sna sinB sinc 6. The Cosine Rule Page 39 of 51 www.uitionwithjason.sgTuition ee 2 Revision Notes for Math GCE N-Level (4045) c 7 B For a triangle ABC, the Cosine Rule states that, @=b +e —2be cos A @=@+e—2ac cos B =a +1 —2ab os C Area ofa Triangle Ia A z z For any triangle ABC, area= Y.be sind = fac sin B = fab sinc Bearings Bearings are always measured ftom, the North and in a clockwise direction and stated as a three— 16), A number n is chosen at random from & Find the probability that (a)neP, (ne PY (ne Png (d) n= 22. Solution : {1,2,3,4,5,6,7, 8} Pre P) =1-PneP) Page 42 of 51 www.uitionwithjason.sgRevision Notes for Math GCE N-Level (4045) -1 55 Q= (6,7, 8,9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19,20} PAO=6,7,8) 3 nae == PAE DO 5 Pina) = wow tuitionwithjason.sg Page 43 of S1Revision Notes for Math GCE N-Level (4045) TOPIC-18 Statistics Presentation of Data (@) Tabulation Game Baciminton | Table Tennis | Tennis] Others “Number of pupils 100 120 80 0 () Pictogram A pictogram is a diagram using pictures or symbols to represent data. Badminton R Table Tennis | = R Tennis Bach R represents 10 pupils (© Pie Chart In a pie chart, the whole set of cata is represented by a circle. The angle of the sector is proportional to quantity of the category, represented by the sector. Eg. Angle of sector for Tennis Page 44 of 51 www.uitionwithjason.sgTuition _. es Revision Notes for Math GCE N-Level (4045) Badminton 100° iu Tennis (@) Bar Chart ‘A bar chart is a diagram using bars to show data. It can be vertical or horizontal. All the bars are of equal width and they are spaces of equal width between them, 80 z 40 Others (© Line Graph A line graph is usually used to show trends or changes in a certain variable, over a period of time. On a line graph, the values between two successive readings may not have any ‘meaning, Exg,, The line graph shows the sales of a motor company in the frst six months ofa year. Page 45 of 1 www.uitionwithjason.sgTuition _. es Revision Notes for Math GCE N-Level (4045) “ K x Ct 10 Number of Cars Sold Jan Feb. Mar Apr May Jun (0 Histogram A histogram is used to represent a frequency distribution. It is similar to the bar chart except that there is no gap between the rectangular columns. ‘The area of each rectangle, represents the frequency. [fall the classes have die same width then all the rectangles will be the same width and the frequencies are then represented by ‘he height of the rectangles. ig. The histogram shows the number of hours spend doing homework bn a particular cay by 25 pupils. Frequency 304° Number of hours Exg,, The frequency table below shows the parking times, in minvies, of 20 cars. Parking time (x minutes) | 0 y Gf) Ve Gil) Group data ‘Take the midpoint of a class interval to represent that class, then use one of the formula as given in Gi). Cumulative Frequency Curve = total number of items, Q,= lower quartile or 254 percentage, Q,=median or 50° percentage, Frequency Q,=Upper quartile or 75* percentage. Cumulati Page 51 of 51 www.uitionwithjason.sg