UNIVERSITY OF BATAM

PHARMACY DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCES

STANDARDIZATION OF SPECIFIC AND NON-SPECIFIC PARAMETERS OF MENIRAN (PHILLANTHUS NIRURI L.) ETHANOL
EXTRACT AS STANDARDIZED HERBAL MEDICINE
HELDI CANDRA1, TIARA PUTRI SAKINAH2
PROGRAM STUDI FARMASI, FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN, UNIVERSITAS BATAM, KEPULAUAN RIAU, INDONESIA
1CANDRA0777@GMAIL.COM
2TIARAPUTRIP0@GMAIL.COM
*CORRESPONDING AUTHOR:
TIARA PUTRI SAKINAH
TIARAPUTRIP0@GMAIL.COM

ABSTRACT
Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) is known by the local name Sisupport
child (Sulawesi), family Phyllantaceae. Traditionally used to treat
various diseases such as overcoming kidney stones, gastric ulcers,
improving liver function, relieving uric acid and lowering blood
pressure. This study aims to standardize specific and non-specific
parameters of standardized herbal medicines. The research method
used, namely qualitative and quantitative, was carried out at the
Pharmacognosy Laboratory of the Pharmacy Study Program, University
of Batam. The results showed that meniran simplisa contains
secondary metabolites in the form of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols,
coumarins, tannins, terpenoids, and lignans (phyllanthin and
hypophyllanthin). The Non-Specific Parameter Test obtained the
results of the water content test of 15.5%, the drying shrinkage test of
8.3%, the total ash content of 5.0%, the Specific Parameter Test the
water-soluble essence test was 40%, and the ethanol-soluble essence
content test was 1.5%. Soxhlet Extraction Results 10ml. KLT values Rf1
0.375%, Rf2 0.487%, Rf3 0.612%, Rf4 0.912%. The results of this test
show that it meets the requirements of the 2017 Indonesian Herbal
Pharmacopeia as a standardized raw material for herbal medicines.
Keywords: Alkaloid, Flavonoid, Herb, Non-specific parameters,
Standardization, Tradisional
INTRODUCTION
Traditional medicine is a material or mixture of materials in the form of plant
materials, animal materials, mineral materials, preparation of sarian (galenik) or a
mixture of these materials which have been used for generations for treatment
based on experience (Ministry of Health RI, 2003).
In order for the quality of medicinal plants to be guaranteed and safe to use, it is
necessary to carry out a simplisia standardization process for each medicinal
plant so that it can produce final products, both drugs and extract products that
are of high quality and according to standards (Sukmayati, et.al., 2015).
The parameters to be measured in the standardization of simplisia are specific
and non-specific parameters. Specific parameters include water and ethanol
content tests. Non-specific parameters include ash content, moisture content, and
drying shrinkage. Thin Layer Chromatography (KLT) test (Depkes RI, 2000).
Thus it is very necessary to do standardization due to differences in growing
factors such as soil quality, humidity, temperature and different growing locations.
Thus affecting the levels of compound content in each of these samples
(Sukmayati, et.al., 2015).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Meniran plants were planted from seedlings purchased and then planted in Kurnia Djaja Alam (KDA) Housing, Batam Kota, Batam City,
Riau Islands where the researcher lives. Harvesting was done after the age of 90 days (3 months) and was considered sufficient for
harvesting.
Collection of meniran herb samples that have been harvested then weighed and obtained as much as 600 grams. At the time of
harvesting the meniran plants were separated from the soil and then cleaned. Then proceed with the sorting stage by separating the
parts used for making simplisia and dirt that is still attached to the leaves, then washing with running water for 3 times.
After washing, the weight of the leaves was 520.5 grams, because of the water that added weight to the leaves. Next, knitting is done
using scissors and hands. 3-5 cm in length. After that, it is dried with a drying temperature of 20-25 ° C, the goal is that compounds that
are easily decomposed by the sun are not lost, the time required for this drying is 3 days.
After that, the dry sorting process is carried out and the weight obtained is 335.3 grams. This shows the amount of simplisia shrinkage
of 185.2 grams. The final stage is packing which is packed in glass bottles with a storage temperature of 20-25 ° C and protected from
direct sunlight.
Alkaloid Test A total of 20 mg of sample was added with 2 ml of 2 N HCI and 2ml CHC13 and shaken, after which 1 ml of acidic solution
was taken and reacted with Dragendrof, Bauchardat and Meyer reagents of 1 drop each. Positive alkaloid is characterized by the
formation of white precipitate with Meyer, brownish red precipitate on Dragendrof reagent and yellow precipitate on Bauchardat
reagent.
Flavonoid Test A total of 2 mg of sample added with magnesium metal then added 1 ml of amyl alcohol and 1 ml of concentrated HCI
then shaken, positive flavonoids if formed red, yellow and orange colors.
Saponin Test A total of 3 ml of sample was put into a test tube, then added 10 ml of hot water, cooled then shaken vigorously for 10
seconds. If a 1-10 cm high foam is formed which is stable for not less than 10 minutes and does not disappear with the addition of 1
drop of hydrochloric acid 2, it indicates the presence of saponins.
Tannin Test A total of 3 ml of sample is added with 2 drops of 1% iron (III) chloride reagent. If a blue-black or green-black color occurs, it
indicates the presence of tannin.
SPECIFIC PARAMETERS Water Soluble Essence weigh 5 grams of powdered simplisia. Put into
Organoleptic Non-Specific Parameter Test includes 100ml erlenmeyer flask. Add 100 ml of chloroform saturated water
organoleptic examination of the extract observed to solution. Shake for 6 hours then leave for 18 hours. Filter with ordinary
describe the shape, color, smell and taste using the five filter paper, the filtrate is collected. Take a vaporizer cup and
senses orgnoleptis observation results as in Table 2 equilibrated. Take 20 ml of filtrate put into a vaporizer cup that has been
below. tare. Evaporate on a waterbath until constant weight.
Ethanol soluble juice content weigh 5 grams of meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) simplisia powder
into a 100/200 ml erlenmeyer flask. Add 100 ml of 95% ethanol or 96% ethanol. Shake for 6 hours
then leave for 18 hours. Filter using ordinary filter paper, the filtrate is collected. Take a vaporizer
cup and calibrated. Take 20 ml of filtrate and put it into a vaporizer cup that has been tared.
Evaporate on a waterbath until constant weight. Calculate the juice content in percentage. Calculate
the percentage of water and ethanol soluble essence. Secondary metabolite test results of ethanol
extract of meniran herb.
NON-SPECIFIC PARAMETERS
Moisture Content Test Sterilize the porcelain crucible and lid (position the porcelain crucible open,
place the porcelain crucible cover next to the porcelain) in the oven for 30 minutes at 105˚C, then
cool in a desiccator for 5 minutes. Weigh the porcelain crucible and lid. Put 3 grams of meniran
(Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) simplisia powder sample. Put it in the oven at 105˚C. for 30 minutes.
Move to the desiccator for 5 minutes then weigh the result minus the weight of the initial porcelain
crucible that has been weighed, the results of cycle 1 are obtained. Do this for up to 3 cycles in the
same way. Then calculate the number of cycles 1, 2 and 3 using the following formula. 𝐰 - 𝐰𝟏𝟏 𝐰 𝐱
𝟏𝟎𝟎%
Drying Shrinkage Test
Sterilize the porcelain crucible and lid (the position of the porcelain crucible is open, put the
porcelain crucible cover next to the porcelain) in the oven for 30 minutes at 105˚C, then cool in a
desiccator for 5 minutes. Weigh the porcelain crucible and lid.
Put 2 grams of meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) simplisia powder sample. Put it in the oven at
105˚C. for 30 minutes. Transfer to a desiccator for 5 minutes then weigh the result minus the
weight of the initial porcelain crucible that has been weighed, then get the results of cycle 1. Do this
for up to 3 cycles in the same way. Then calculate the number of cycles 1, 2 and 3 using the
following formula. 𝐰 - 𝐰𝟏𝟏 𝐰 𝐱 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
Ash Content Test
Sterilize the cup and lid (open cup position, place the cup lid next to the porcelain) in the oven for
30 minutes at 105˚C, then cool in a desiccator for 5 minutes. Weigh the cup and lid. Next, add 2
grams of meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) simplisia powder. Burned using a stove with a
temperature of >500˚C for 20 minutes to become ash. Weighed the result minus the weight of the
initial cup. Then calculate the ash content using the following formula: 𝐰 - 𝐰𝟏𝟏 𝐰 𝐱 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
Non-specific parameter test results of meniran herb extract.

CONCLUSION REFERENCE
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packing. The results of meniran powder simplisia obtained 150 grams of
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juice content 1.6%, KLT value Rf1 0.375%, Rf2 0.487%, Rf3 0.612%, Rf4
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