UNIVERSITY OF ZIMBABWE

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
HMTH101 CALCULUS 1 — August 2019 TUTORIAL 2

Mr P.Sibanda

(Sequences)

1. Write
( the first
) five terms
( of each of) the following
( sequences. ) ( )
n
2n − 1 1 − (−1) (−1)n−1 (−1)n−1 x2n−1
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
3n + 2 n3 2 · 4 · 6 · · · 2n (2n − 1)!
( ) ( ) ( √ )
1 1 1 1 cos nx n
(v) + + + ··· + n (vi) 2 2
(vii) .
2 4 8 2 x +n n+1

2. Determine the general term of each sequence.

1 2 3 4 5
(i) , , , , ,....
2 3 4 5 6
1 1 1 1 1
(ii) , , , , , . . . .
2 12 30 56 90
1 3 5 7 9
(iii) 3 , 5 , 7 , 9 , 11 , . . . .
5 5 5 5 5
3. (i) Recursively define b0 = b1 = 1 and bn = 2bn−1 + bn−2 , n ≥ 2. Calculate b5 .
(ii) Recursively define a0 = 0, a1 = 1, a2 = 2 and an = an−1 − an−2 + an−3 for n ≥ 3. List the
first five terms.
(iii) Recursively define s0 = 1, s1 = −3 and sn = 6sn−1 − 9sn−2 for n ≥ 2, find s5 .
4. Using the definition of a limit, show that each of the following sequences cannot have the limit
shown:
2n − 1 1 n+1 1 n
(i) un = , (ii) un = , (iii) un = 2 , 1.
3n + 4 2 7n − 4 6 n +1
an A
5. If lim an = A and lim bn = B, prove that lim (an · bn ) = AB and lim = if lim bn =
n→∞ n→∞ n→∞ n→∞ bn B n→∞
B 6= 0.
6. Use the definition of a limit to verify each of the following limits.
2n − 1 2 4 − 2n 2 sin n
(i) lim = (ii) lim =− (iii) lim =0
n→∞ 3n + 2 3 n→∞ 3n + 2 3 n→∞ n
c
(iv) lim (5n − 2) = ∞ (v) lim p = 0, where c 6= 0, p > 0
n→∞ n→∞ n
(vi) lim (1 − 2n) = −∞ (vii) lim an = 0 where 0 < |a| < 1.
n→∞ n→∞

an − b n
7. Find lim , where a > 0 and b > 0 for the three cases:
n→∞ an + bn
(i) a > b (ii) a < b (iii) a = b.

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 8. Use the properties of limits to evaluate
 √ each of thefollowing limits.
4 − 2n − 3n 2 2
3n − 5n + 4 √
(i) lim (ii) lim (iii) lim ( n2 + n − n)
n→∞ 2n2 + n n→∞ 2n − 7 n→∞
4
n3 √ √
  
n(n + 2) 2n − 3
(iv) lim − 2 (v) lim ( n + 1 − n) (vi) lim
n→∞ n+1 n +1 n→∞ n→∞ 3n + 7
√ √
s
√ 3 (3 − n)( n + 2)
(vii) lim ( 4n2 + n + 5 − 2n) (viii) lim .
n→∞ n→∞ 8n − 4
 n
1
9. Let un = 1 + , n = 1, 2, 3, . . .
n
(i) Show that 2 ≤ un ≤ 3 for all n.
(ii) Show that the sequence {un } is monotonic increasing.
(iii) Give reasons why the sequence {un } converges.
 
1 2
10. If un+1 = un + where u1 = 1,
2 un
√
(i) Show that un ≥ 2 for all n ≥ 2.
(ii) Show that the sequence is monotonic decreasing.
(iii) State why the sequence converges.
(iv) Find the limit.
√
11. (i) If a sequence {un } is recursively defined by un+1 = un + 1, u1 = 1, prove that
1 √
lim un = (1 + 5).
n→∞ 2
(ii) Show by induction that the sequence {un } is bounded above by 2.
(iii) Show by induction that {un } is monotonic increasing.
√
12. (i) Let {xn } be the sequence defined by x1 = 1, xn+1 = 3xn + 1 for all n ≥ 1. Prove that
{xn } is an increasing function for every n.
7 7
(ii) Show that the sequence has as an upper bound i.e. xn ≤ for all n.
2 2
2 2 √
13. Show that if an → l as n → ∞, then an+1 = an + 2 converges to 3 2.
3 3an
√ √
14. Let an = n + 1 − n. Show that an → 0 as n → ∞.
15. A sequence {un } is such that un+3 = 6un+2 − 5un+1 and u1 = 2, u2 = 6. Prove that
un = 5n−1 + 1.
16. A sequence {an } is such that a1 = 1, a2 = 3 and an+2 = 3an+1 − 2an . Prove that an = 2n − 1.
17. Define a sequence x1 , x2 , x3 , . . . by x1 = 5, x2 = 13 and xn+1 = 5xn −6xn−1 . Prove by induction
that xn = 2n + 3n .
√
18. Define a sequence {xn } recursively by x1 = 1 and xn+1 = 2 + xn .
(i) Show that {xn } is a monotone increasing sequence.

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(ii) Show that the sequence is bounded above by 2.
(iii) State why the sequence converges.
(iv) Find the limit of the sequence.