11/12

Physical
Science Quarter 2 – Module
Light: A Wave and aParticle
Science – SHS
Self-Learning Module
Quarter 2 – Module 3: Light: A Wave and a Particle
First Edition, 2020

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Development Team of the Module

Writers: Heide R. Bernas Carmelita E. Escaňo Joy B. Luna Zyra S. Gutierrez
Edgar Corder Faith L. Corpuz
Leonila F. Corder Roden E. Solatorio Sheila A. Osama
Ivy S. Matillano Christine Grace D. Toreta Jaypee S. Domider Joane
Mae M. Magdayao
Editors: Retchie Joy B. Pisaṅa, Emma T. Surita
Reviewers: Murdy F. Bautista, Blessy Mae M. Cabayao, Jay Sheen A.
Molina Illustrator: Cyprus Cyrmith C. Mayormente
Layout Artist: Welmer M. Leysa
 Cover Art Designer: Ian Caesar E. Frondoza
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11/12

Physical
Science Quarter 2 –
Module 3
Light: A Wave and a Particle
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Physical Science for Senior High School Self Learning
Module (SLM) on Light: A Wave and a Particle.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 ii
For the learner:

Welcome to the Physical Science SHS Self Learning Mode (SLM) Module on
“Light: A Wave and a Particle.”

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create
and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies
and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own
hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to check what you
already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current
lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you in
various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson. This

aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent practice to

solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

iii

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will help you
 transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of mastery

in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given to

you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.

2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.

3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.

4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.

5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.

6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

iv

What I Need to Know

 Light is a kind of electromagnetic wave. It propagates in the form of varying
magnetic and electric field. In fact, visible light is a small part of the electromagnetic
spectrum.

As a wave, different color of light has different wavelength. The wavelength of

visible light ranges from 400nm to 700nm, for violet and red light respectively. (nm
for nanometer, which is 10-9m.

Lesson 1: Reflection and Refraction

Lesson 2: Photon Concept of Light

Learning Objectives:

1. State the different theories about reflection and refraction.

2. Demonstrate reflection and refraction properties as explained by the wave
model and the particle model of light.
3. Appreciate the contribution of Galileo and Roemer on the speed of light.
4. Explain how the photon theory of light accounts for atomic spectra. 5.
Discuss why red light is used in photographic dark rooms.
6. Determine why you easily get sunburned in ultraviolet light but not in visible
light.
7. Explain how you see colors.

What I Know

Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers in your
notebook. One (1) point each correct answer.
 1. Which of the following is Sir Isaac Newton’s theory that explains light as a
particle? a. Corpuscular Theory c. Quantum Theory
b. Electromagnetic Wave Theory d. Wave Theory

2. What happens when light hits a smooth surface?

a. Bent around corners c. Reflected
b. Polarized d. Refracted

3. A stick partly submerged obliquely in water appears to be bent at a point where it

enters the water surface. Which one of the following gives explanation for this
observation?
a. Dispersion of light on entering water
b. Light does not travel in straight line in water.
c. Diffraction of light by the surface of the water
d. Refraction of light due to differences in speed of light in air

4. What did the experiment of Galileo and Roemer want to prove? a. The speed of
light is finite c. The speed of light is slow b. The speed of light is infinite d.
The speed of light is immeasurable

5. Which of the following did Roemer study closely that led him to measure the speed
of light?
a. The time of orbit of Io around Jupiter.
b. The revolution of Io around Jupiter.
c. The rotation of Io around Jupiter.
d. The time of rotation of Io on its axis.

6. Which of the following statement is TRUE in the idea of Roemer about the speed of
light?
a. When Earth is farther away from Jupiter, light needs shorter time to reach
Earth.
b. When Earth is closer to Jupiter, light needs shorter time to reach the Earth.
c. When the Earth is closer to Jupiter, light needs longer time to reach the
Earth. d. When Earth is farther away from Jupiter, light needs the same time to
reach Earth.

7. Which of the following explains reflection of light by its particle nature?

a. It acts the same way as a ball that hits a surface.
b. It acts like a sound wave that echoes when it hits a surface.
c. It is an electromagnetic wave.
d. It has the fastest speed.

2
8. Which of the following theories of light explain its reflection property? a. The theory
states that light acts like sound wave that echoes when it hits a surface.
b. The theory states that light reflects according to its angle and produces an
upright image.
c. The theory states that light is an electromagnetic wave.
d. The theory states that light has the fastest speed.

9. Which of the following statements is true about atomic

spectra? a. It is an energy given to the electron.
b. It is a series of colored lines with black spaces in between.
c. It is also called photons.
d. It is discrete bundle of electromagnetic energy moving at the speed of light.

10.How is frequency related to the energy that an electron carries? a. Increasing the
 frequency would increase the energy of the ejected electrons. b. Increasing the
frequency would decrease the energy of the ejected electrons. c. Increasing the
frequency would not change the energy of the ejected electrons. d. Increasing the
frequency would split the energy of the ejected electrons.

11.Why other colors cannot be used in a photographic dark room other than red? a.
Violet has the lowest frequency compared to the rest of the colors which means it
also has least amount of energy just enough not to damage the film in a
photographic dark room.
b. Other colors have the greater frequency compared to red which means they also
have greater amount of energy that can damage the film in the photographic
dark room.
c. Red has the highest frequency compare compared to the rest of the colors which
means it also has the least amount of energy just enough not to damage the
film in a photographic dark room.
d. Red has the highest frequency compared to the rest of the colors which means
it also has the highest amount of energy just enough not to damage the film in
a photographic dark room.

12.Which of the following is NOT true why do we get easily sunburned by ultraviolet
light but not under the visible light?
a. Ultraviolet radiation has greater frequency than visible light.
b. Ultraviolet radiation has greater energy than visible light.
c. Ultraviolet has longer wavelengths and greater frequency than visible light. d.
Ultraviolet light has shorter wavelengths and greater frequency than visible light.

13.Which of the following is NOT true about colors?

a. It is not innate to objects. c. It is innate to objects. b. It only exists in the human
visual system. d. It is determined by frequencies.

14.Who the famous scientist who first developed the concept of photon? a. Isaac
Newton b. Albert Einstein c. Aristotle d. Max Planck

15.What particles make up of light?

a. Protons b. Neutrons c. Electrons d. Photons

Lesson
Reflection and Refraction
1
Learning Objectives:

1. State the different theories about reflection and refraction.

2. Demonstrate reflection and refraction properties as explained by the wave model
and the particle model of light.
3. Appreciate the contribution of Galileo and Roemer on the speed of light.

What’s In
 In your previous Science classes, you have learned about the distinction
between Newton’s First Law of Motion (or Law of Inertia) and Galileo’s idea of motion.
To check your understanding please answer the following questions:

1. What do you call the tendency of any material to change its state of motion?
2. What will happen to the rolling ball based on the idea of Galileo about
motion?

Figure 1. Ball rolling in a plane.

What’s New
Today you will learn that light could be a wave or a particle. It has properties
and speed. In this activity, you will find out what will happen to a ray of light as it
strikes a smooth surface.

Activity 1
How do I Look?
Material: Beauty kit mirror
Procedures:
1. Get a beauty kit mirror.
2. Hold the beauty kit mirror 1 foot away from you.
Guide questions:
1. What did you see on the mirror?

What is It
2. Explain your observation.
In the activity that you had performed, you observed that light is a wave and
when it struck a surface it bounced back. In this lesson, you will learn about the
nature of light and its properties specifically reflection and refraction properties.

1.1 Theories about the Nature of Light

There were two prominent theories about the nature of light back in the
seventeenth century. These are the wave theory and the particle theory.

The Wave Theory of Light

In 1690, Christiaan Huygens, a Dutch astronomer and physicist, proposed

the wave theory of light. This theory states that light is a longitudinal wave
transmitted through an aether ‒ a mystical substance that exists and fills all the
spaces in the universe. He believed that the aether moved in the same direction as
light, and formed a wave which carried the light waves

The Corpuscular Theory of Light

 In 1675, Isaac Newton proposed the corpuscular theory, also known as the
particle theory of light. This theory states that light was composed of tiny particles
called corpuscles. According to Newton, light traveled through a vacuum in a
straight line, and cannot be considered as a wave.

1.2 Properties of Light

Reflection

Reflection occurs when light bounces back as it hits a reflecting surface, such
as a mirror. This phenomenon can be described using light rays. The ray of light that
hits the reflecting surface is called an incident ray. After hitting the surface, it
bounces off as a reflected ray. The incident ray and the reflected ray form angles
with the normal line, which is a line perpendicular to the reflecting surface. These
angles are called angle of incidence and angle of reflection, respectively. The
relationship between the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection is illustrated
in the law of reflection. This law states that the angle of incidence, the angle of
reflection, and the normal line are found on the same plane; and the angle of
incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.

Figure 2. Reflection of Light

5
Types of Reflection

There are two types of reflection: regular reflection and irregular reflection.

∙ Regular reflection, also known as specular reflection occurs when light

strikes a smooth surface like a mirror, and light rays are reflected in one
direction.
∙ Irregular reflection or diffuse reflection occurs when light strikes a rough
surface, and light rays are reflected in random directions.
 Figure 3. Types of Reflection

According to the wave theory, when light waves struck a mirror, they are reflected
according to their angles, but the wave turned back to front and produced a reversed
image. The shape of the waves depends on the distance of light from the mirror. Just
like sound waves, which echoes upon striking a surface, light waves behave the

same way.
Figure 4. Particles and Waves reflected by a Mirror.

In the particle theory, an emitted light, whether near or far, is reflected as it

arrives at the mirror surface. A huge number of particles travel side by side with each
other and they bounce at different directions upon reaching the interphase,
producing a reversed image as depicted in the figure above. Light reflects the same
way as a ball hits a surface.

Refraction
Refraction is the bending of light due to the change in its speed when it
obliquely passes two different media. When light travels from a medium with a low
refractive index to a medium with a higher refractive index, it slows down and refracts
closer to the normal line. On the other hand, when light travels from a medium with a
high refractive index to a medium with a lower refractive index, it speeds up and
refracts away from the normal line. The light ray that is entering a different medium
is called the incident ray while the bent ray is called the refracted ray.

Figure 5. Refraction of Light

 Refractive index or Index of Refraction describes how light propagates
through a medium. A higher refractive index means the light propagates slower, and
its direction changes more upon entering a medium. A lower refractive index means
the light travels faster, and its direction changes less upon entering a medium.

According to the wave theory, when a beam of light travels into two different
refractive indices, the beam undergoes refraction by changing its direction as it
passes from the first medium into the next medium. Some of the light waves would
pass through, while the rest of the waves travel at a slower rate in the first medium
due to the high refractive index of the second medium. Since the wave front is
traveling at two different speeds, it will bend in the second medium thus, changing
the angle of propagation. Just like how the sound waves and water waves refract,

light follows the same way.

Figure 6. Refraction of Particles and Waves.
On the other hand, the particle theory of light suggested that when the light
particles pass through a medium like water, they experience an attractive force
towards the water. When light passes from air (less dense medium) to water (denser
medium), it slows down and bends towards the normal which means away from the
surface.

7
Activity 2 Questions:

Bent Pencil

Materials: 1 transparent glass, water, pencil

Procedures:

1. Get a glass half-filled with water.

2. Place a pencil in this glass of water
3. Look at the pencil at the top of the glass. 4.
Look from the side of the glass.
5. Remove the pencil out of the water. Guide
Figure 7. Glass with water and pencil.

1. Is there a difference between the way the pencil looks in water and the way
it looks in air?
2. How does the pencil appear in water and in air?
3. Explain your observation.
The pencil appears bent when it is partly submerged in water. This shows that
a light ray bends as it passes from air to water. The change in direction or the
bending of light when it passes from one medium to another of different optical
density is called refraction.

1.3 The Speed of Light

In 1638, Galileo Galilei conducted an experiment to measure the speed of

light by positioning two observers, each with lanterns equipped with shutters. The
time between the openings of the shutters of the two observers indicated the time for
the light to travel back and forth between lamps. Light traveled so fast that made it
impossible to measure the time interval with just using the shutters. This led to his
basic principle or relativity, which states that the same laws of motion are applied
to any system that is moving at a constant speed, regardless of their specific speed
and direction.

Ole Roemer in 1678 was the first person to measure the speed of light. He was
observing the orbit of Io, the closest of the four large moons of Jupiter. His goal was
to get an accurate value for the moon’s orbital period by the eclipses of Io by Jupiter.
The orbital value of Io is 1.769 Earth days. The moon is eclipsed by Jupiter once
every orbit. As the years past, Roemer noticed that the time interval between eclipses
became shorter as Earth moved toward Jupiter and longer when it moved away from
it.
He concluded based on the collected data that the time difference was due to
the finite speed of light. The light coming from Jupiter had to travel farther to reach
Earth when they are on the opposite sides of the sun than when they are close to
each other. He estimated that the time required for light to travel across Earth’s
diameter is twenty minutes. Thus, the speed of light can be computed by dividing
the diameter of Earth’s orbit by the time difference.
Now you have learned the nature and properties of light. You know that when
light strikes the smooth surface it bounces back. In this activity, you will apply the
concept that you have learned.

What’s More
Activity 3. Image in Plane Mirror

Materials: Graphing paper, Plane mirror and ball pen (red and

black) Images in plane mirror

1. Draw a horizontal red line at the middle part of a sheet of graphing paper. 2. At
the lower portion of the graphing paper, put three dots at different distances from
the red line. Label them A, B, and C.
3. Position a mirror at the red line (figure 8).
 B
A

C
Figure 8. Graphing Paper and Plane Mirror.

Observe how far from the red line the point images of A, B, and C appear on
the mirror.
4. While holding the mirror on the red line, determine the distance of each point
image. Count the number of vertical lines from the base of the mirror to the
point image. Record your data in column 3.
5. Remove the mirror. Count the number of vertical lines from the red line to each
dot. Record your data in column 2 of table 1.
6. Based on your results, what can you conclude about object and image distance
in plane mirrors?
Note: Your answers will be written in a 1 whole sheet of pad paper.
Object Object distance Image distance
(no. of vertical lines) (no. of vertical lines)

What I Have Learned

Distinguish the difference between reflection and refraction based from the
points of comparison. Redraw table 1 in your notebook.

Activity 4. Comparison Chart: Reflection and Refraction

Table 1. Comparison Chart. Reflection and Refraction

BASIS FOR COMPARISON REFLECTION REFRACTION

Meaning

Medium
 Waves

Angle of incidence

What I Can Do

To check your understanding about the topic reflection and

refraction answer the question below.
A. HOW DOES LIGHT REFLECT?

A reflecting ray is shown in the

diagram below. Identify the parts
shown by number. Choose your
answers inside the box.
Incident ray Normal Angle of reflection
Reflected ray Angle of incidence

1. ___________________
2. ___________________
3. ___________________
4. ___________________
5. ___________________
Figure 9. How does light reflect?

10
B. Refraction: Choose the correct word/s from the diagram and write it on your notebook.

Figure 10. Application of Refraction of Light

1. a. In the diagram, light is passing from (glass to air, air to glass) b. Glass is (more, less) dense than
air.
2. The light is hitting the glass (at an angle, straight on).
3. The light (is, is not) bending. It (is, is not) being refracted.
4. The light being refracted (toward, away) from the normal.
5. Write the part of the Law of refraction that explains why this is happening. Great work! You did a

good job in applying what you have learned

11

Lesson Photon Concept of Light

2
 Learning Objectives:

1. Explain how the photon theory of light accounts for atomic spectra.
2. Discuss why red light is used in photographic dark rooms.
3. Determine why you easily get sunburned in ultraviolet light but not in visible
light. 4. Explain how you see colors.

What’s In
In your previous topic, you’ve learned about how the propagation of light,
properties of light like reflection, and refraction as explained by the wave model and
the particle model of light. Answer the following questions based on your
understanding of the previous lesson.

1. What happen to the ray of light when it strikes the smooth surface?
2. What is the measure of the angle of reflection, if the measure of the angle of
incidence is 40o?
3. Why the speed of light changes as it passes from air to glass?

What’s New
To let you understand the concept of light, below is a simple activity on light.
Before you start, please prepare first the materials needed and read the procedures
carefully. As part of your documentation, you may take pictures in every activity.

Activity 1. What’s My Color?

Materials:

1 red flower 1 red cellophane

1 green leaf 1 blue cellophane
1 cotton ball 1 green cellophane

Procedures:

1. Get three (3) different colored pieces of cellophane (red, blue, and green) one
red flower, one green leaf, and a cotton ball.
2. Place each object behind each cellophane one at a time.
3. Write the color of the object when it is placed behind each colored cellophane.
4. Copy the table in your notebook and write your observation.

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Table 2. What's My Color?
OBJECT RED CELLOPHANE BLUE CELLOPHANE GREEN CELLOPHANE

Red flower

Green leaf

Cotton ball

Good job! You may now answer the question provided below.
Guide question:
1. What happened to the color of the objects when they passed through the colored
screen like cellophane?

Now you are ready to learn more!

What is It
In the activity that you had performed, you have seen that light can be
absorbed, reflected and transmitted. The colors of the objects depend upon the light
is reflected. In this lesson, you will learn about the Photon Theory of Light and the
visible spectrum. Atoms are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Inside an
atom, electrons are located at specific energy levels, and they can move to higher
energy level when given a certain amount of energy, for example through collisions
with light. What is light made of? This is not an easy question. Light has no mass and
it is not really considered matter. We couldn’t live without light. Light is unique that it
behaves like both a particle and a wave.

In this module, you will learn about light as a wave and a particle, photon
theory of light accounts for atomic spectra, red light uses in photographic dark
rooms, reasons why we get sunburned in ultraviolet light but not in in visible light
and how we see colors. Light is important in our everyday life. Natural light or
daylight is the source of life. Plants using light to make their own food in the process
of photosynthesis. Human beings are using light as the source of energy, for seeing,
identifying colors and many more. We need light in order to do work and provide our
necessities. Life is not possible without light. Human and animals will not exist
without the presence of light. There are a lot of practical applications can be applied
in the concept of light as a wave and a particle. Such as sunbathing, photosynthesis,
and color of objects. In sunbathing, UV light has higher frequency than visible light
and has a sufficient energy that can cause skin damage. In photosynthesis,
chlorophyll reflects green light and absorbs red and blue most strongly. And the
color of an object we see depends on the color reflects or absorbs on the spectrum.
Later on, you will find out how light affects our daily lives

13
2.1 The Photon Theory of Light

Light is composed of photons. Based on the photon theory of light, a photon is

a discrete bundle of electromagnetic energy moving at the speed of light, has no rest
mass but has momentum and carries energy. This energy is given to an electron upon
their collision, which causes it to move up to the next energy level. After about
10−810-
8 s, it will go back to its original level and emit light in the form of photons.

The Photoelectric Effect

The photoelectric effect refers to the ejection of electrons from a surface of a

metal in response to light directed to the metal. Albert Einstein proposed that light
consisted of individual photons, which interacted with the electrons in the surface of
the metal. For each frequency or color of the incident light, each photon carried
energy.
Increasing intensity of light corresponded to increasing incident of photons while the
energy of the photons remained the same. More electrons are ejected upon the
increase in incident light. Increasing the frequency of light would increase the energy
of the ejected electrons. The energy carried by a photon is directly proportional to its
frequency. The arrangement of the visible spectrum of light shows that red color has
the least frequency, which means it also has the least energy. Since photographers
use light-sensitive photographic papers, red light would not overexpose and ruin the
pictures during the developing process.

2.2 Color Spectra

Colors are not innate to objects. They give off light that appears as colors.
Colors only exist in the human visual system and is determined by frequencies.
When light reaches the eye, it falls into a receptor cell at the back of the eye or retina
and gives signals to the brain, which interprets the image with colors.

Figure 11. Color Spectra.

14
Colors are based on frequencies. Given an ample bright light at around 400
THz, a person would be able to perceive a dull red. As the frequency increases, the
color gradually changes from red to violet.

Figure 12. Color Frequency and Wavelength.

2.3 The Colors of Objects

Why objects appeared to have colors? Example red rose? Green leaf? Why do
you see things around you?
 The Colors in Light

Sunlight separates into different colors, called visible spectrum, as it passes

through a prism. The spectrum consists of colors of the rainbow: red, orange, yellow,
green, blue, indigo and violet colors. The most prominent colors are red, green and
blue. These are the colors which our eyes are most sensitive to. Red, green and blue
(RGB) are the three primary colors in light. Different combinations of these colors
result in other colors.
See examples in
figure 14.
Addition of Primary Color of
Light

Red + Blue = Magenta

Red + Green = Yellow Yellow
Blue + Green = Cyan
Red + Green + Blue = White Magenta

Color of Opaque Objects Figure 13. Addition of Primary Color of Light

When white light falls on an object which does not transmit light, one of the
three things happens:

1. All of the colors in white light may be reflected, in which case the object will appear
white.
2. Some of the colors may be reflected, in which case the object appears colored. 3.
All the colors are absorbed by the object, in which case the object appears black. For
example, a red shirt looks red because it absorbed the wavelengths of light from
violet/blue end of the spectrum. A leaf of a plant is green because it reflects green
light. See the illustration below.

15

ROYGBI V Paper absorbs YGBIV

Reflects
1.
Figure 14. Absorption and Reflection of Light.
Red
2. Orange
Appears
3. Red Orange

2.4 Ultraviolet Radiation

Different colors of light have photons of different energies. Based on the
frequency and wavelength in a visible light, red has low frequency and long
wavelength, which means that it contains less energy. Blue, on the other hand, has
high frequency and short wavelength, which means it contains more energy. Beyond
the visible light, the ultraviolet light has greater frequency and shorter wavelength,
which means it carries greater energy than the visible light. This explains why we
easily get sunburned under the ultraviolet rays of light than under the visible light.

What’s More
Activity 2. Color of Objects
 A. Determine the color of light that will result in the combination below:

Blue 1 Green

Cyan 2 Red

B. Determine what color(s) of light will be reflected and the color appearance of the
paper.

3. 4. 5. 6.

16

What I Have
Learned
Complete the statements by writing the appropriate word/s. Write your answer
in your notebook.

1. The term _____ waves commonly used for electromagnetic regions in or near the
visible region. It belongs to a family of waves that include radio waves,
microwaves, and X-rays.
2. Based on the ______ theory of light, a photon is a discrete bundle of electromagnetic
energy moving at the speed of light, has no rest mass but has momentum, and
carries energy. This energy is given to an electron upon their collision, which
causes it to move up to the next energy level. After about 10−810-8 s, it will go
back to its original level and emit light in the form of photons.
3. The emitted light has a certain wavelength that corresponds to different colors and
can be observed as a series of colored lines with black spaces in between is called
__________.
4. A ___________ rooms used to process photographic film, to make prints and to carry
out other associated tasks. A room that can be made completely dark to allow the
processing of the light-sensitive photographic materials, including film and
photographic paper.
5. _________light has greater frequency and shorter wavelength, which means it
carries greater energy. It can also cause sunburns. If too much of it hits your skin,
 it can damage your skin cells.
6. _________light, has lesser frequency and longer wavelength, which means it carries
lesser energy than the ultraviolet light.
7. A ________ is a bundle of electromagnetic energy. It is the basic unit that makes up
all light. Sometimes referred to us a “quantum” of electromagnetic energy.

17

What I Can Do

You will now proceed to another activity which is the Handprint.

Activity 3. Handprint
Materials:

1 Construction paper (red or green work best)

1 Sunscreen (a brand that is at least SPF 30 and doesn’t contain metal oxides works
best)
4 Small rocks

Procedures:

1. Open the sunscreen and squirt a pea-sized amount onto your hand. 2. Rub the
sunscreen all over the palms of your hands and the surfaces of your fingers. Don’t
rub it in so much that the sunscreen all absorbs into your skin. You should still
barely see the thin layer of sunscreen on your hands.
3. Place your hands firmly on the construction paper. Be sure to press down all of
your fingers and the palms of your hands.
4. Place the piece of construction paper outside in a sunny spot. Make sure that the
spot you choose will have constant sunlight for 3 to 4 hours.
5. Place a small rock on each corner of the sheet of paper. This will prevent the paper
from blowing away in the wind.
6. Leave the paper out in the sun for 3 to 4 hours.
7. After the long wait is over, go outside and look at your paper.
8. Write your observations in the table provided.
AREAS OF THE OBSERVATION AFTER 3 TO 4 HOURS
CONTRUCTION PAPER

With Sunscreen

Without Sunscreen

Great work! You did a good job in applying what you have learned!

Answer the following questions based on your observation on a separate of

paper. Guide questions:

1. What happened to the color of the paper?

_________________________________________________________________________

2. What made the color of paper differ from its original color?
_________________________________________________________________________

18

Assessment
Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers in your
notebook. One (1) point each correct answer.
1. Which of the following is Sir Isaac Newton’s theory that explains light as a
particle? a. Corpuscular Theory c. Quantum Theory
b. Electromagnetic Wave Theory d. Wave Theory
2. What happens when light hits a smooth surface?
a. Bent around corners c. Reflected
b. Polarized d. Refracted
3. A stick partly submerged obliquely in water appears to be bent at a point where it
enters the water surface. Which one of the following gives explanation for this
observation?
a. Dispersion of light on entering water
b. Light does not travel in straight line in water.
c. Diffraction of light by the surface of the water
d. Refraction of light due to differences in speed of light in air
4. What did the experiment of Galileo and Roemer want to prove? a. The speed of
light is finite c. The speed of light is slow b. The speed of light is infinite d.
The speed of light is immeasurable
5. Which of the following did Roemer study closely that led him to measure the speed
of light?
a. The time of orbit of Io around Jupiter. c. The rotation of Io around Jupiter. b.
The revolution of Io around Jupiter. d. The time of rotation of Io on its axis. 6. Which
of the following statement is TRUE in the idea of Roemer about the speed of light?
a. When Earth is farther away from Jupiter, light needs shorter time to reach
 Earth.
b. When Earth is closer to Jupiter, light needs shorter time to reach the Earth.
c. When the Earth is closer to Jupiter, light needs longer time to reach the
Earth. d. When Earth is farther away from Jupiter, light needs the same time to
reach Earth.
7. Which of the following explains reflection of light by its particle nature?
a. It acts the same way as a ball that hits a surface.
b. It acts like a sound wave that echoes when it hits a surface.
c. It is an electromagnetic wave.
d. It has the fastest speed.
8. How can the wave nature of light explain its reflection property? a. The theory
states that light acts like sound wave that echoes when it hits a surface.
b. The theory states that light reflects according to its angle and produces an
upright image.
c. The theory states that light is an electromagnetic wave.
d. The theory states that light has the fastest speed.
9. Which of the following statements is true about atomic spectra?
a. It is an energy given to the electron.
b. It is a series of colored lines with black spaces in between.
c. It is also called photons.
d. It is discrete bundle of electromagnetic energy moving at the speed of light.
10.How is frequency related to the energy that an electron carries? a. Increasing the
frequency would increase the energy of the ejected electrons. b. Increasing the
frequency would decrease the energy of the ejected electrons. c. Increasing the
frequency would not change the energy of the ejected electrons. d. Increasing the
frequency would split the energy of the ejected electrons.

19
11.Why other colors cannot be used in a photographic dark room other than red? a.
Violet has the lowest frequency compared to the rest of the colors which means it
also has least amount of energy just enough not to damage the film in a
photographic dark room.
b. Other colors have the greater frequency compared to red which means they also
have greater amount of energy that can damage the film in the photographic
dark room.
c. Red has the highest frequency compare compared to the rest of the colors
which means it also has the least amount of energy just enough not to
damage the film in a photographic dark room.
d. Red has the highest frequency compared to the rest of the colors which means
it also has the highest amount of energy just enough not to damage the film in
a photographic dark room.
12.Which of the following is NOT true why do we get easily sunburned by ultraviolet
light but not under the visible light?
a. Ultraviolet radiation has greater frequency than visible light.
b. Ultraviolet radiation has greater energy than visible light.
c. Ultraviolet has longer wavelengths and greater frequency than visible light. d.
Ultraviolet light has shorter wavelengths and greater frequency than visible light.
13.Which of the following is NOT true about colors?
a. It is not innate to objects.
b. It only exists in the human visual system.
c. It is innate to objects.
d. It is determined by frequencies.
14.Who is the famous scientist who first developed the concept of photon? a.
Isaac Newton b. Albert Einstein c. Aristotle d. Max Planck 15.What particles
make up of light?
 a. Protons b. Neutrons c. Electrons d. Photons

Additional Activities
Light is a wave and a particle. It changes its speed when it passes from one
transparent material to another. It bounces when it strikes a smooth surface. It has
different frequencies and wavelengths. It can be absorbed, and transmitted by opaque
objects. Make a concept map about light. Write a word or group of words that are
associated to light. Write it in a 1 whole sheet of paper.