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MATH 101 First Midterm Examination
1 /15 points
November 3, 2003
2 /20 points
17:00-18:00
3 /20 points
Student number: 1
4 /20 points
Name: Atilla Yılmaz
5 /25 points
Signature: AY
Total /100 points
In order to get full credit, you have to show your work and explain what you
are doing. Calculators are not allowed, nor needed. The last page is blank. Good
luck.
sin2 t
(1) Evaluate lim . (5 points)
t→0 (1 + cos t)t
sin2 t sin t 1
lim = lim sin t
t→0 (1 + cos t)t t→0 t 1 + cos t
sin t 1 1
= lim sin t · lim · lim = 0·1· =0
t→0 t→0 t t→0 1 + cos t 1+1
or, alternatively
sin2 t sin2 t 1 − cos t
lim = lim
t→0 (1 + cos t)t t→0 (1 + cos t)t 1 − cos t
1 − cos t sin2 t 1 − cos t

= lim 2
= lim · 1 = 0.
t→0 t 1 − cos t t→0 t
sin x
b) Evaluate lim . (5 points)
x→+∞ x
For every x > 0, we have
−1 sin x 1
6 6
x x x
and
−1 1
lim = 0, lim = 0,
x→+∞ x x→+∞ x
so the squeezing theorem yields
sin x
lim = 0.
x→+∞ x
dh p dh
c) Find if h = tan( x2 + sin x) wherever exists. (5 points)
dx dx
By the chain rule,
dh p 1
= sec2 ( x2 + sin x) · (x2 + sin x)−1/2 · (2x + cos x)
dx 2
√
2
1 (2x + cos x) sec ( x2 + sin x)
= √ .
2 x2 + sin x
(2) A string of length 18 m can be cut into two pieces to make a circle with one
piece and a square with the other. How much string should be used for the circle if
the total area enclosed by the figures is to be as large as possible? (20 points)
Let x meters be used for the circle, 18 − x meters for the square. Then the
x 18 − x
radius of the circle is m, the sides of the circle are m. The total area,
2π 4
in square meters, is
2 2
x 18 − x 81 9 1 1
A(x) = π + = − x+( + )x2
2π 4 4 4 4π 16
and 0 6 x 6 18.
9 1 1 9 1 1
We find A0 (x) = − + ( + )2x = − + ( + )x and A0 (x) = 0 when
4 4π 16 4 2π 8
9
18π
x = x0 := 1 4 1 = .
2π + 8
4+π
We compute and compare:
81 9 1 1 81
A(0) = − 0+( + )02 = ,
4 4 4π 16 4
2 2
18 18 − 18 81 81
A(18) = π + = > = A(0),
2π 4 π 4
2 2
x0 18 − x0
A(x0 ) = π +
2π 4
2 18π 2
1 18π 18 − 4+π
= +
4π 4 + π 4
1 π 182
= 182 +
4 (4 + π)2 (4 + π)2
182 π 81 81
= 2
[ + 1] = < = A(18).
(4 + π) 4 4+π π
Thus 18 yields the absolute maximum of A on [0, 18]. We see that the whole piece
of string must be used for the circle.
1 1
[Alternatively, at x0 , the second derivative of A is A00 (x0 ) = ( + ) > 0, so
2π 8
x0 is a relative minimum of A, it cannot be the absolute maximum of A on [0, 18].]
(3) A stick p has a pivot point P about which p rotates. The pivot P is one meter
away from another stick s. Let E denote the intersection point of p and s, and let
θ be the counterclockwise angle at E from s to p.
p

θ
E
r

s
P
What is the speed of the point E in terms of the rate of change of θ?
(10 points)
Let x be the distance between E and the foot of the perpendicular from P to s.
Then
1
= tan θ,
x
1
= tan θ(t)
x(t)
and, differentiating with respect to t, we get

1 dx dθ
− 2
= sec2 θ .
x dt dt
The speed of E is
dx dθ
= −x2 sec2 θ .
dt dt
If θ decreases at a rate of 1 rad/sec, what is the speed of the point E at the

instant when E is 105 m away from P ? (10 points)
dθ p
We are given = −1 rad/sec. At the instant t0 when x2 + 1 = 105 m, we
dt p
p p x(t0 )2 + 1
have x(t0 )2 + 1 = 105 and x(t0 ) = 1010 − 1 and sec θ(t0 ) = =
x(t0 )
105
√ , so
1010 − 1
2 p 2
dx 105
2
2 10 5
= −x · √ · (−1) = 1010 − 1 √ = 1010 m/sec.
dt t0 1010 − 1 10
10 − 1
(4) Define the greatest integer function by the formula
bxc = greatest integer less than or equal to x
i.e.,
bxc = n if n 6 x < n + 1, n ∈ Z.
At which points is the function f (x) = (x − bxc)2 + bxc discontinuous? Why?

(20 points)
If a is not an integer, then the greatest integer function is continuous at a, so
lim bxc = bac and
x→a
lim f (x) = lim [(x − bxc)2 + bxc]

x→a x→a
= ( lim x − lim bxc)2 + lim bxc = (a − bac)2 + bac
x→a x→a x→a
= f (a),
therefore f is continuous at a.
At an integer a, we have

x→a+ x→a+
= ( lim x − lim bxc)2 + lim bxc = (a − a)2 + a = a
x→a+ x→a+ x→a+
= f (a)
and

x→a− x→a−
= ( lim− x − lim− bxc)2 + lim− bxc = (a − (a − 1))2 + (a − 1) = a
x→a x→a x→a
= f (a),
so lim f (x) = f (a). Thus f is continuous at a.

x→a
We conclude that f is continuous at every point a.
(5) Consider the function f (x) = x·|x|.
a) Is f differentiable
 everywhere? Justify your answer.
2

x if x > 0,
2
We have f (x) = −x if x < 0,


0 if x = 0.
If a is any point distinct from 0, then f coincides with a differentiable function
in some open interval containing a, so f is differentiable at a.
We have
f (x) − f (0) ±x2
lim = lim = ± lim x = ±0 = 0,
x→0± x−0 x→0± x x→0±
so
f (x) − f (0)
lim = 0,
x→0 x−0
so f is differentiable also at 0 and f 0 (0) = 0.
Hence f is differentiable everywhere.
b) At what points is f twice differentiable?

 Justify your answer.

2x if x > 0,
0
From Part a), we have f (x) = −2x if x < 0,


0 if x = 0.
If a is any point distinct from 0, then f coincides with a twice differentiable
function in some open interval containing a, so f is twice differentiable at a.
We have
f 0 (x) − f 0 (0) 2x − 0
lim = lim = lim 2 = 2,
x→0+ x−0 x→0+ x x→0+
0 0
f (x) − f (0) −2x − 0
lim = lim = lim (−2) = −2 6= 2,
x→0− x−0 x→0− x x→0−
f 0 (x) − f 0 (0)
so lim does not exist and f is not twice differentiable at 0.
x→0 x−0
Hence f is twice differentiable at every point except at 0.
c) What are the inflection points of f ? Justify your answer.

The second derivative of f is positive for x > 0, negative for x < 0, therefore
f is concave up for x > 0, concave down for x < 0. The only point where the
direction of concavity changes is x = 0. Thus 0 is the only inflection point of f .
B U Department of Mathematics
Math 101 Calculus I
Fall 2004 First Midterm

Calculus archive is a property of Boğaziçi University Mathematics Department. The purpose of this archive is to organise and centralise the distribution of the exam questions and their solutions.
This archive is a non-profit service and it must remain so. Do not let anyone sell and do not buy this archive, or any portion of it. Reproduction or distribution of this archive, or any portion of
it, without non-profit purpose may result in severe civil and criminal penalties.
1.) The lengths of the sides of an equilateral triangle are increasing at a rate of 5 centimeters per
hour. At what rate is the area of the triangle increasing when the side is 10 centimeters long ?
Solution:
√
2 x2 2 3
x − = h =⇒ h = x
4 √ 2
xh 3 2
A= = x
2 4
dA dx
Find when x = 10, = 5 cm/h.
dt dt
√
dA 3 dx
= 2x
dt 4¯ dt √
dA ¯¯ 3 √
=⇒ = · 10.5 = 25 3 cm2 /h.
dt ¯x=10 2
2.) For both a) and b) express your results in their simplest form.
d2 y
a) Find 2 by implicit differentiation if x2 + 2xy − y 2 + 8 = 0.
dx
Solution:
x+y
2x + 2y + 2xy 0 − 2yy 0 = 0 =⇒ y 0 =
y−x
0 0
(1 + y )(y − x) − (x + y)(y − 1) y − x + y 0 y − y 0 x − (xy 0 − x + yy 0 − y)
y 00 = =
(y − x)2 (y − x)2
x+y
0 2y − 2x( )
00 2y − 2xy y−x 2y(y − x) − 2x(x + y)
=⇒ y = 2
= 2
=
(y − x) (y − x) (y − x)3
2y 2 − 2xy − 2x2 − 2xy 2(y 2 − 2xy − x2 ) 16
=⇒ y 00 = = =
(y − x)3 (y − x)3 (y − x)3
dy cos x
b) Find if y = .
dx 1 − sin x
Solution:
dy (− sin x)(1 − sin x) − cos x(− cos x)

=
dx (1 − sin x)2
dy − sin x + sin x2 + cos x2 1
=⇒ = 2
=
dx (1 − sin x) 1 − sin x
You are NOT allowed to use L’Hopital’s rule !
|2x − 1| − |2x + 1|
3.) a)Evaluate lim .
x→0 x
Solution:
1 1
When − < x < , | 2x − 1 |= −(2x − 1) and | 2x + 1 |= 2x + 1.
2 2
| 2x − 1 | − | 2x + 1 | −(2x − 1) − (2x + 1) −4x
=⇒ lim = lim = lim = −4.
x→0 x x→0 x x→0 x
3x2 + ax + a + 3
b)Is there a number a such that lim exists? If so, find the value of a and the value
x→−2 x2 + x + 2
of the limit.
Solution:
Since the denominator is 0 at x = −2, for the limit to exist we should have
the numerator =0 at x = −2.
3(−2)2 − 2a + a + 3 = 0 gives a = 15.
3x2 + ax + a + 3 3x2 + 15x + 18 (x + 2)(3x + 9)

lim 2
= lim 2
= lim = −1.
x→−2 x +x+2 x→−2 x +x+2 x→−2 (x + 2)(x − 1)
sin(x + π4 ) − 1
c) Evaluate limπ .
x→ 4 x − π4
Solution:
π
Let t = x − then x → 0 means t → 0
4
π
sin(t + ) − 1 cos t − 1
lim 2 = lim = 0.
t→0 t t→0 t
4.) By using intermediate value theorem show that the graphs of the following functions f (x) =
x4 − 5x2 and g(x) = 2x3 − 4x + 6 intersect between x = 3 and x = 4.
Solution:
Let h(x) = f (x) − g(x). Then h is continuous since f and g are continuous. (Polynomials
are continuous everywhere.)
h(x) = x4 − 5x2 − 2x3 + 4x − 6
h(3) = 81 − 45 − 54 + 12 − 6 = −12 < 0
h(4) = 256 − 80 − 128 + 16 − 6 = 58 > 0 =⇒ by intermediate value theorem there exists

at least one c ²(3, 4) such that h(c) = 0 = f (c) − g(c).
=⇒ f (c) = g(c).
5.) Suppose f is a differentiable function that satisfies the equation
f (x + y) = f (x) + f (y) + x2 y + xy 2
f (x)
for all real numbers x and y. Suppose also that lim = 1. Compute f (0), f 0 (0), f 0 (x).
x→0 x
Solution:
f (0 + 0) = f (0) + f (0) + 02 .0 + 0.02
=⇒ f (0) = 0.
f (x) − f (0) f (x)

f 0 (0) = lim = lim = 1.
x→0 x−0 x→0 x
f (x + h) − f (x) f (x) + f (h) + x2 h + xh2 − f (x)

f 0 (x) = lim = lim
h→0 h h→0 h
f (h)
=⇒ lim + lim (x2 + h) = 1 + x2 .
h→0 h h→0
Math 101 Calculus I
Fall 2005 First Midterm

This archive is a property of Boğaziçi University Mathematics Department. The purpose of this archive is to organise and centralise the distribution of the exam questions and their solutions.
1.) A stone dropped into a water pond sends out a circular ripple whose radius increases at a
constant rate of 3ft/sec. How rapidly is the area enclosed by the ripple increasing at the end of 10
seconds?
Solution:
dr
dt
= 3f t/sec.
W hent = 10 , r = 30f t and A = π r 2 .
dA dA dr dr
dt
= dr dt
= 2 πr dt
= 2π30 3 = 180πf t2 /sec.
2.) a) A function f defined for all positive real numbers satisfies the equation f (x 2 ) = x3 for every
x > 0. Determine f 0 (4).
Solution:
f (x2 ) = x3
f 0 (x2 ) 2x = 3 x2
f 0 (4) 4 = 3 22
f 0 (4) = 3.
√
b) Using the definition of derivative, find the derivative of g(x) = 1 + 2x.
Solution:
√ √
g(x+h)−g(x) 1+2x+2h− 1+2x
g 0 (x) = limh→0 h
= limh→0 h
1+2x+2h−(1+2x)
= limh→0 √ √
h( 1+2x+2h+ 1+2x)
2 √
= limh→0 √
1+2x+2h+ 1+2x
= √2 = √ 1 .
2 1+2x 1+2x
3x2 + ax + a + 3
3.) a) Is there a number a such that lim exists? If so, find the value of a and the
x→−2 x2 + x − 2
value of the limit.
Solution:
3(−2)2 + (−2)a + a + 3 = 0 implies 15 − a = 0, hence, a = 15.

3(x2 + 5x + 6) 3(x + 2)(x + 3) 3(x + 3) 3
lim = lim = lim = = −1.
x→−2 x2 + x − 2 x→−2 (x + 2)(x − 1) x→−2 x − 1 −3
b)Evaluate the following limits.
1 1 2 1 √ √
x3 − 1 (x 3 − 1)(x 3 + x 3 + 1)( x + 1) (x − 1)( x + 1) 2
i) lim √ = lim 2 1 √ √ = lim 2 1 =
x→1 x − 1 x→1 (x 3 + x 3 + 1)( x + 1)( x − 1) x→1 (x 3 + x 3 + 1)(x − 1) 3
µ ¶ √
πx πx ³ π´ π 3
ii) lim sin( ) = sin lim = sin − = − sin = − .
x→+∞ 2 − 3x x→+∞ 2 − 3x 3 3 2
4.) Find all points on the curve x2 y 2 + xy = 2 where the slope of the tangent line is -1.
Solution:
2x2 yy 0 + 2xy 2 + y + xy 0 = 0
y 0 (2x2 y + x) = −y(2xy + 1)
y(2xy+1)
y 0 = − x(2xy+1) = − xy = −1 which implies y=x.
x2 x2 + x 2 = 2
x2 (x2 + 1) = 2 let x2 = t t(t + 1) = 2
t2 + t − 2 = 0 t = 1 and t = −2 x2 = t ⇒ x = ±1 x2 = t = −2 is not possible.

The points which gave slope -1 are (-1,-1) and (1,1).
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Math 101 Calculus I
Date: April 6, 2005 Full Name :
Time: 17:00-18:00 Math 101 Number :
Student ID :
Spring 2005 First Midterm - Solution Key
IMPORTANT
1. Write your name, surname on top of each page. 2. The exam consists of 4 questions some of which have more than
one part. 3. Read the questions carefully and write your answers neatly under the corresponding questions. 4. Show all
your work. Correct answers without sufficient explanation might not get full credit. 5. Calculators are not allowed.
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 total
25 pts 20 pts 25 pts 30 pts 100 pts
1. Evaluate the limits below (do not use l’Hôpital’s rule):

1 − cos πx
(a)[7] lim
x→0 sin2 x
Solution:
This is a [ 00 ] type indeterminacy. We multiply and divide by 1 + cos πx to obtain:
1 − cos πx 1 − cos2 πx sin2 πx

lim 2 = lim 2 = lim .
x→0 sin x x→0 (1 + cos πx) sin x x→0 (1 + cos πx) sin2 x
Now noting that 1 + cos πx → 2 as x → 0, the limit above is just:

1 sin2 πx π2
lim 2 =
2 x→0 sin x 2
sin ax a
by means of the fact lim = , if b 6= 0.
x→0 sin bx b
t2/3 + t−1
(b)[8] lim
t→∞ t2/3 + cos2 t
Solution:
First we remove t−1 term by multiplying and dividing by t, hence the required limit becomes:
t5/3 + 1
lim .
t→∞ t5/3 + t cos2 t
Inspired by the fact that cos2 t is a bounded function; by 1 from above and by 0 from below, we write:
t5/3 + 1 t5/3 + 1 t5/3 + 1
f (t) := 5/3
≤ 5/3 2
≤ := g(t).
t +t t + t cos t t5/3
We easily see that lim f (t) = lim g(t) = 1, since large t behaviour is determined by the highest degree
t→∞ t→∞
terms in denominator and numerator, which are t5/3 in this case (This can be proved quite easily). But
then the Sandwich Theorem entails that the middle function must have the same limit, i.e.
t2/3 + t−1
lim = 1.
t→∞ t2/3 + cos2 t
 √
 ax + b − 2

 , x 6= 0
(c)[10] Let f (x) = x


 1, x=0
Determine the values of the real numbers a and b so that f (x) is continuous at the point x = 0.
Solution:
Two conditions are to be met for continuity at x = 0: lim f (x) must exist and f (0) must equal this limit
x→0
value.
√
ax + b − 2
We observe that f (x) is defined by the same formula on both sides of x = 0 and the
x
p(x)
denominator x approaches 0 as x tends to 0. Recalling that for the lim to exist we must have
x→x0 q(x)
p(x0 ) = 0 if q(x0 ) = 0, although this does not guarantee the existence of the limit. We need this condition
because otherwise the limit would √ be +∞ or −∞. Having exactly this √situation, we force the numerator
to vanish at x = 0, namely: ax + b − 2 = 0 when x = 0. This is: b − 2 = 0, giving us b = 4. With
this b we have at least a [ 00 ] indeterminacy.
Next task is to evaluate the limit and require it equals f (0) = 1. To this end, we multiply and divide by
√
ax + 4 + 2: √
ax + 4 − 2 ax a
lim = lim √ = .
x→0 x x→0 x( ax + 4 + 2) 4
This should be 1, thus we find that a = 4.
2. Consider the implicit relation defined by x sin(xy − y 2 ) = x2 − 1.

dy
(a)[10] Find .
dx
Solution:
We use straightforward implicit differentiation together with the chain rule:
sin(xy − y 2 ) + x cos(xy − y 2 ) (y + xy 0 − 2yy 0 ) = 2x.
Collecting terms with y 0 together:
2x − sin(xy − y 2 ) − xy cos(xy − y 2 )
y0 = .
x(x − 2y) cos(xy − y 2 )
(b)[10] Write down the equation(s) of the tangent line(s) to the graph of x sin(xy − y 2 ) = x2 − 1 at
the intersection point(s) of x sin(xy − y 2 ) = x2 − 1 with the line y = x.
Solution:
Intersection points are found by setting y = x in the relation:
x sin(xx − x2 ) = x2 − 1 ⇒ x = ±1.
Hence two curves intersect at two points P (1, 1) and Q(−1, −1).
Now compute y 0 at P and Q: y 0 (P ) = −1 and y 0 (Q) = 3 easily. Then:
the tangent line at P (1, 1): y − 1 = −1(x − 1) ⇔ y = −x + 2.
the tangent line at Q(−1, −1): y + 1 = 3(x + 1) ⇔ y = 3x + 2.
3. Let AOB be any triangle where the point O is the top corner. Let OQ be the height from O to
the side AB. Assume that the length of this height |OQ| = 4 cm (fixed), and |OA| + |OB| = 15 cm
(fixed). Now, set |AQ| = y and |QB| = x.
1
Suppose that the point B is moving away from the point Q at the rate of cm/sec. What is the
2
rate of change of the distance y when x = 3? Is y decreasing or increasing?
Solution:
We first give a figure describing the situation:
By right triangle properties, we have the following relation between the distances x and y:
p p
42 + y 2 + 42 + x2 = 15.
Differentiating with respect to t we receive:

yy 0 xx0
p +√ = 0.
16 + y 2 16 + x2
We are asked to find y 0 when x = 3, and x0 is given to be 1/2 cm/sec. Since B is moving away from Q,
x is increasing and this rate of change is to be taken with positive signature. On the other, we need to
know what y is, when x = 3. This is but easily calculated from the initial relation:
p √ √ √
16 + y 2 + 16 + 9 = 15 ⇒ 16 + y 2 = 100 ⇒ y = 84 = 2 21,
noting that y > 0 representing a distance. Then we substitute everything in the related rates equation:
√
2 21y 0 3/2 3
+ = 0 ⇒ y 0 = − √ cm/sec
10 5 2 21
when x = 3. Thus, y is decreasing.
2 + x − x2
4. Sketch the graph of y = f (x) = by examining (a) the domain, (b) intercepts, (c)
(x − 1)2
asymptotes, (d) critical points and local extrema, (e) inflection points, (f) the intervals of increase
and decrease, (g) concavity, and by making a table of all the data.
Solution:
Domain of f (x) is clearly R − {1}. x = 0 gives y = 2, and y = 0 gives (x − 2)(x + 1) = 0 which is to say
x = 2 and x = −1. Hence the graph hits the x−axis at (−1, 0) and (2, 0), and the y−axis at (0, 2).
The graph has a vertical asymptote at x = 1 as it undefined at that point. Checking the behaviour about
x = 1: lim− f (x) = +∞ and lim+ f (x) = +∞.
x→1 x→1
The behaviour as |x| tends to ∞: lim f (x) = lim f (x) = −1, hence the graph has a horizontal
x→∞ x→−∞
asymptote y = −1.
For the critical points we find f 0 (x):
(1 − 2x)(x − 1)2 − (2 + x − x2 )2(x − 1) x−5

f 0 (x) = = .
(x − 1)4 (x − 1)3
f 0 is defined everywhere f is defined. The only critical point then comes from f 0 (x) = 0, which is x = 5.
Although it is not a critical point, we must note that f 0 changes sign before and after x = 1. f 0 = 0
holds at only one point, and it changes sign at that point. Thus f has a local extremum at x = 1. More
precisely, f 0 > 0 if x > 5 and f 0 < 0 if 1 < x < 5 meaning that f has a local minimum at x = 5. Noting
also that f 0 > 0 if x < 1, we have: f is increasing in (−∞, 1) ∪ (5, ∞), and decreasing in (1, 5).
For the inflection point we calculate f 00 (x):
(x − 1)3 − (x − 5)3(x − 1)2 x−7

f 00 (x) = 6
= −2 .
(x − 1) (x − 1)4
f 00 exists everywhere f is defined, and f 00 = 0 gives x = 7. It also changes sign at this point, hence x = 7
is an inflection point. That is, f 00 > 0 if x < 7, and f 00 < 0 if x > 7. In terms of f we understand that
the graph of f is concave up if x < 7, and concave down if x > 7.
We are now ready for the table of the data we have collected:
1 5 7
f 00 + + + −
f0 + − + +
f % & % %
concave up concave up concave up concave down
Math 101 Calculus I
Spring 2006 First Midterm

This archive is a property of Boğaziçi University Mathematics Department. The purpose of this archive is to organise and centralise the distribution of the exam questions and their solutions.
1. Let f : R→R be a function such that
(a) f is differentiable ∀x ∈ R
(b) f (a + b) = f (a) + f (b) + 2ab, ∀a, b ∈ R.
Show that f (x) = f (0) + 2x.
Solution:
f (x + h) − f (x) f (x) + f (h) + 2xh − f (x) f (h) + 2xh
f (x) = lim = lim = lim
h→0 h h→0 h h→0 h
f (h) f (h)
⇒ f (x) = lim + lim 2x = lim + 2x
h→0 h h→0 h→0 h
f (0 + 0) = f (0) + f (0) + 2 · 0 · 0 (a = b = 0)
⇒ f (0) = 0
f (h) f (0 + h) − f (0)
lim = lim = f (0)
h→0 h h→0 h
⇒ f (x) = f (0) + 2x
√
−4 10 √
2. (a) The point T = ( , 10) lies on the ellipse with equation
5
9(x + y)2 + (x − y)2 = 36
Using implicit differentiation, determine the equation of the tangent line to the ellipse at
the point T.
Solution:
18(x + y)(1 + y ) + 2(x − y)(1 − y ) = 0
√ √
−4 10 √ −4 10 √
At point T, 18 + 10 (1 + y ) + 2 − 10 (1 − y ) = 0
5 5
⇒ y = 0
Equation of the tangent line:

√
√ 4 10
y − 10 = 0 x + x
5
√
y = 10
Tangent line is parallel to x-axis
sin t cos t
(b) Find all points of discontinuities of the function f (t) = . In each case, decide
t − t2
whether the discontinuity is removable or not. In case of a removable discontinuity, de-
termine how f should be defined in order to remove the discontinuity.
Solution:
t(t − 1) = 0 ⇒ t = 0, t = 1 are points of discontinuity
sin(2t)
lim f (t) = lim
t→1 t→1 2t(1 − t)
sin(2t) sin(2t)
lim+ = −∞, lim− = +∞
t→1 2t(1 − t) t→1 2t(1 − t)
t=1 is essential discontinuity which is not removable.
sin(2t)
lim f (t) = lim = 1 which is a removable discontinuity.
t→0 t→0 2t(1 − t)
⎧
⎨ sin(2t)
t = 0
Define f (x) = 2t(1 − t)
⎩
1 t=0
3. A piece of wire 12cm. long is cut into 2 lengths, one of which is bent into a circle, the other
into a square. Determine the ratio of the side length of the square to the radius of the circle if
the sum of the areas of the circle and the square is minimum and find this minimum area.
Solution:
6
4x + 2πr = 12, 0 ≤ x ≤ 3, 0 ≤ r ≤
π
12 − 4x 6 − 2x
⇒r= =
2π π
A = x2 + πr 2
2
2 6 − 2x (6 − 2x)2 πx2 + 36 − 24x + 4x2
A(x) = x + π = x2 + =
π π π
2πx − 24 + 8x 24 12
A (x) = =0⇒x= =
π 24π + 8 π+4
x 12 π 12π
= 12 = =2
r π + 4 6 − 2 π+4 6π
12
x= is relative min by the 1st derivative test
π+4
36
A(0) = , A(3) = 9
π
2
12 122 6 36
A( )= +π = = Amin
π+4 (π + 4) 2 π+4 π+4
4. Consider the function
x2 + x − 5
f (x) =
x−2
(a) Determine the domain of f.

(b) Find all horizontal, vertical and oblique asymptotes of f.
(c) Find the intervals on which f is increasing or decreasing.
(d) Find all local extrema of f, if any.
(e) Find the intervals on which the graph of f is concave up or down.
(f) Sketch the graph of f.
Solution:
Domain: R \ {2}
x = 0 ⇒ f (0) = 5/2 → y intercept

√
2 −1 + 21
y = 0 ⇒ x + x − 5 = 0 ⇒ x1,2 = → x intercepts
2
lim f (x) = +∞, lim f (x) = −∞
x→∞ x→−∞
x = 2 vertical asym and lim+ = +∞, lim− = −∞

x→2 x→2
1
f (x) = x + 3 + y = x + 3 oblique asym
x−2
1 1
lim = 0+ , lim = 0−
x→+∞ x − 2 x→−∞ x − 2
x2 − 4x + 3
f (x) = , f (x) = 0 ⇒ x = 1, x = 3
(x − 2)2
2
f (x) = , f (x) = 0 ⇒ x = 2
(x − 2) 3
x = 1, x = 3 are relative max and min, respectively by the 1st derivative test
The sketch of the curve is shown below.
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and, differentiating with respect to t, we get

If θ decreases at a rate of 1 rad/sec, what is the speed of the point E at the

bxc = greatest integer less than or equal to x

At which points is the function f (x) = (x − bxc)2 + bxc discontinuous? Why?

lim f (x) = lim [(x − bxc)2 + bxc]

lim f (x) = lim [(x − bxc)2 + bxc]

lim f (x) = lim [(x − bxc)2 + bxc]

so lim f (x) = f (a). Thus f is continuous at a.

b) At what points is f twice differentiable?

c) What are the inflection points of f ? Justify your answer.

Fall 2004 First Midterm

dy (− sin x)(1 − sin x) − cos x(− cos x)

3(−2)2 − 2a + a + 3 = 0 gives a = 15.

3x2 + ax + a + 3 3x2 + 15x + 18 (x + 2)(3x + 9)

h(x) = x4 − 5x2 − 2x3 + 4x − 6

h(3) = 81 − 45 − 54 + 12 − 6 = −12 < 0

h(4) = 256 − 80 − 128 + 16 − 6 = 58 > 0 =⇒ by intermediate value theorem there exists

5.) Suppose f is a differentiable function that satisfies the equation

f (0 + 0) = f (0) + f (0) + 02 .0 + 0.02

f (x) − f (0) f (x)

f (x + h) − f (x) f (x) + f (h) + x2 h + xh2 − f (x)

Fall 2005 First Midterm

W hent = 10 , r = 30f t and A = π r 2 .

3(−2)2 + (−2)a + a + 3 = 0 implies 15 − a = 0, hence, a = 15.

x2 (x2 + 1) = 2 let x2 = t t(t + 1) = 2

t2 + t − 2 = 0 t = 1 and t = −2 x2 = t ⇒ x = ±1 x2 = t = −2 is not possible.

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25 pts 20 pts 25 pts 30 pts 100 pts

1. Evaluate the limits below (do not use l’Hôpital’s rule):

1 − cos πx 1 − cos2 πx sin2 πx

Now noting that 1 + cos πx → 2 as x → 0, the limit above is just:

2. Consider the implicit relation defined by x sin(xy − y 2 ) = x2 − 1.

sin(xy − y 2 ) + x cos(xy − y 2 ) (y + xy 0 − 2yy 0 ) = 2x.

Collecting terms with y 0 together:

Differentiating with respect to t we receive:

(1 − 2x)(x − 1)2 − (2 + x − x2 )2(x − 1) x−5

(x − 1)3 − (x − 5)3(x − 1)2 x−7

Spring 2006 First Midterm

1. Let f : R→R be a function such that

Show that f (x) = f (0) + 2x.

Equation of the tangent line:

Tangent line is parallel to x-axis

t=1 is essential discontinuity which is not removable.

(a) Determine the domain of f.

x = 0 ⇒ f (0) = 5/2 → y intercept

x = 2 vertical asym and lim+ = +∞, lim− = −∞

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