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Biology: Science for Life with Physiology, 4e (Belk)
Chapter 8 DNA Detective: Complex Patterns of Inheritance and DNA Fingerprinting

1) When the phenotype of a heterozygote is intermediate between both homozygotes, the pattern of
inheritance is ________.
A) incomplete dominance
B) codominance
C) independent assortment
D) sex linkage
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: 8.1
Skill: Factual

2) When does codominance occur?

A) both of the alleles in a heterozygote are expressed phenotypically in an individual
B) expression of two different alleles alternates from one generation to the next
C) a heterozygote expresses an intermediate phenotype
D) offspring exhibit several different phenotypic expressions of a single trait
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: 8.1
Skill: Factual

3) The AB blood type, in which both A and B alleles are expressed, is an example of
A) incomplete dominance.
B) codominance.
C) independent assortment.
D) sex linkage.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Topic: 8.1
Skill: Conceptual

4) If a blue-colored flower crossed with a white-colored flower produced light blue-colored flower
offspring, then it's most likely a case of
A) incomplete dominance.
B) codominance.
C) independent assortment.
D) sex linkage.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: 8.1
Skill: Conceptual

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5) Phenotypic features that are coded for by several genes, such as eye color in humans, are called
A) linked.
B) polytrophic.
C) polygenic.
D) codominant.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: 8.1
Skill: Factual

6) Multiple ________ occurs in the ABO blood system, where there are three distinct alleles in human
populations.
Answer: allelism
Diff: 1
Topic: 8.1
Skill: Factual

7) There are NO sugars on the surface of any of the red blood cells for which blood type?
A) type A
B) type B
C) type AB
D) type O
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: 8.1
Skill: Conceptual

8) A woman with type AB blood has sugars on what percent of her red blood cells?
A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 100%
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Topic: 8.1
Skill: Applied

9) The pattern of inheritance for Rh factor is best described as ________.

A) incomplete dominance.
B) codominance.
C) dominant-recessive.
D) sex linkage.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: 8.1
Skill: Conceptual

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10) Which of the following individuals doesn't have the Rh factor on their red blood cells?
A) Rh+ Rh+
B) Rh+ Rh-
C) Rh- Rh+
D) Rh- Rh-
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: 8.1
Skill: Factual

11) A child with type O blood could not have a parent with type ________ blood.
A) A
B) B
C) AB
D) O
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: 8.1
Skill: Conceptual

12) A child with the genotype IAi has type ________ blood.
A) A
B) B
C) AB
D) O
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: 8.1
Skill: Factual

13) A person who is homozygous recessive for both blood type alleles has type ________ blood.
A) A
B) B
C) AB
D) O
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: 8.1
Skill: Factual

14) People with the same blood type

A) are always unrelated.
B) are always related.
C) may or may not be related.
D) always have both alleles in common but are not necessarily related.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Topic: 8.1
Skill: Applied

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15) Which statement about the inheritance of blood types in humans is correct?
A) Alleles IA and i are dominant to the allele IB.
B) Alleles IB and i are dominant to the allele IA.
C) Alleles IA and IB are dominant to the allele i.
D) Alleles IA, IB and i are codominant.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Topic: 8.1
Skill: Factual

16) The alleles responsible for the ABO blood types of humans are an example of ________ alleles.
Answer: multiple
Diff: 1
Topic: 8.1
Skill: Factual

17) In human ABO blood types, the alleles for A and B are said to be ________ because they're both
expressed.
Answer: codominant
Diff: 1
Topic: 8.1
Skill: Factual

18) Type AB blood is a result of

A) polygenic inheritance.
B) simple dominance.
C) codominance.
D) sex-linked recessive inheritance.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: 8.1
Skill: Factual

19) A woman with type A blood has the alleles IA and i. Her blood type is a result of
A) polygenic inheritance.
B) simple dominance.
C) codominance.
D) sex-linked recessive inheritance.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Topic: 8.1
Skill: Conceptual

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20) If one person in a population has two different alleles of a particular gene and it's known that other
people in the population have yet another different allele of this gene, then this is an example of
A) codominance.
B) pleiotropy.
C) incomplete dominance.
D) multiple allelism.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: 8.1
Skill: Factual

21) When a dominant allele has different effects between heterozygous individuals and homozygous
individuals, the phenomenon is called
A) codominance.
B) continuous variation.
C) incomplete dominance.
D) polygenic inheritance.
Answer: C
Diff: 3
Topic: 8.1
Skill: Factual

22) A patient with which blood type can receive blood from any donor?
A) type A
B) type B
C) type AB
D) type O
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Topic: 8.1
Skill: Conceptual

23) A patient with which blood type can donate blood to anyone?
A) type A
B) type B
C) type AB
D) type O
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Topic: 8.1
Skill: Conceptual

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24) A woman with type A blood and a man with type B blood have a baby with type O blood. What are
the genotypes of the woman and the man?
A) IAi and IBi
B) IAIA and IBi
C) IAi and IBIB
D) IAIA and IBIB
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Topic: 8.1
Skill: Applied

25) A woman with type AB blood and a man with type O blood have a child. Which type of blood could
the child have?
A) type A or type O
B) type B or type O
C) type AB or type O
D) type A or type B
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Topic: 8.1
Skill: Applied

26) What is the most common blood type in the U.S. population?
A) type O-
B) type B+
C) type AB-
D) type O+
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: 8.1
Skill: Factual

27) The ability of a gene to cause multiple effects on a phenotype is called

A) pleiotropy.
B) codominance.
C) polygenic inheritance.
D) continuous variation.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: 8.1
Skill: Factual

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28) Describing a person as having hemophilia is to indicate his or her
A) genotype.
B) phenotype.
C) genetic code.
D) number of chromosomes.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Topic: 8.1
Skill: Factual

29) A person with hemophilia lacks the pleiotropic gene that codes for the protein called clotting factor
VIII. This means that he or she will
A) have only the symptom of lack of blood clotting (bleeding).
B) always have the same symptoms as other hemophiliacs.
C) have many other symptoms in addition to excessive bleeding.
D) always have neurological problems.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Topic: 8.1
Skill: Factual

30) In addition to excessive bleeding, persons with hemophilia may have excessive bruising, pain and
swelling in the joints, vision loss, anemia, or neurological problems. This is a result of the effects of a
single gene loss and is called
A) codominance.
B) multiple allelism.
C) pleiotropy.
D) environmental effects.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Topic: 8.1
Skill: Factual

31) Human bone size and structure are a result of the environment and
A) polygenic inheritance.
B) codominance.
C) simple dominance.
D) sex-linked recessive inheritance.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: 8.1
Skill: Factual

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32) Females inherit two X chromosomes and males inherit one X chromosome. However, there is not a
double dose of X gene products in females because of
A) nondisjunction.
B) X- linkage.
C) the SRY gene.
D) X inactivation in females.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: 8.2
Skill: Factual

33) Sex-linked traits can be expressed in

A) males only.
B) females only.
C) either males or females.
D) carriers only.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Topic: 8.2
Skill: Conceptual

34) Hemophiliacs have blood that does not coagulate well, and they often die at a young age. The
disease allele is recessive and X-linked. Which of the following is the BEST prediction about the
offspring of a hemophiliac male and a nonhemophiliac female who is a carrier for the disease?
A) All children would be hemophiliac.
B) All females would be hemophiliac.
C) All males would be hemophiliac.
D) Some males and females could be hemophiliac.
Answer: D
Diff: 3
Topic: 8.2
Skill: Applied

35) Hemophilia is a genetic disease that has plagued the royal houses of Europe. The disease allele is
recessive and X-linked. Queen Victoria was a carrier, and her granddaughter Alexandra married
Nicholas II, the last czar of imperial Russia. Alexandra was a carrier for hemophilia; Nicholas was
normal. Their son, Alexis, was afflicted with the disease. Alexis and his four sisters were killed in 1917.
It's most likely that
A) none of the four sisters carried the hemophilia allele.
B) at least one of the sisters was a carrier of the allele.
C) all four sisters were carriers of the hemophilia allele.
D) at least one of the sisters had hemophilia like Alexis.
Answer: B
Diff: 3
Topic: 8.2
Skill: Conceptual

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36) Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive allele causing a blood disorder. What are the chances that a
daughter of a normal man and a woman, who is heterozygous for the disease, will have hemophilia?
A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 75%
D) 100%
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Topic: 8.2
Skill: Applied

37) In humans, the allele for red-green color blindness is X-linked and recessive (Xr; the dominant allele
is called XR). A man with normal color vision marries a color-blind woman who gives birth to a color-
blind daughter. From this, we can tell that
A) the woman is XRXr.
B) the man must be a carrier for the color blindness allele.
C) the daughter must be heterozygous.
D) the man is probably NOT the father of the daughter.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Topic: 8.2
Skill: Applied

38) A normal individual who is a carrier for an X-linked trait such as hemophilia
A) is always female.
B) is homozygous for the recessive condition.
C) shows the recessive phenotype.
D) cannot have daughters who have the allele.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Topic: 8.2
Skill: Conceptual

39) Y-linked genes include a gene that produces hairy ears. A male with hairy ears should pass this trait
A) only to his sons.
B) only to his daughters.
C) only to his grandsons.
D) to all his children if the mother is a carrier.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Topic: 8.2
Skill: Conceptual

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40) A man who carries a harmful allele for a sex-linked gene (on the X chromosome) will pass the allele
on to
A) all of his daughters.
B) only half of his daughters.
C) only half of his sons.
D) all of his children.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Topic: 8.2
Skill: Applied

41) In humans, the sex of the offspring is ordinarily determined by the

A) autosomes carried by the egg cell.
B) autosomes carried by the sperm cell.
C) sex chromosome carried by the egg cell.
D) sex chromosome carried by the sperm cell.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Topic: 8.2
Skill: Conceptual

42) A human sperm cell receives autosomes and

A) an X chromosome always.
B) either an X or a Y chromosome.
C) a Y chromosome always.
D) both an X and a Y chromosome.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Topic: 8.2
Skill: Factual

43) Humans possess

A) 2 pairs of sex chromosomes and 46 pairs of autosomes.
B) 2 pairs of sex chromosomes and 22 pairs of autosomes.
C) 1 pair of sex chromosomes and 46 pairs of autosomes.
D) 1 pair of sex chromosomes and 22 pairs of autosomes.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: 8.2
Skill: Factual

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44) What are the chances that a hemophiliac male and an unaffected female could have a baby that is a
hemophiliac male?
A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: 8.2
Skill: Factual

45) Because the bones thought to belong to the Romanov family were highly decayed, scientists
determined the gender of each deceased individual by utilizing which type of analysis?
A) pelvic bone analysis only
B) DNA analysis of material that is specific to the Y chromosome
C) DNA analysis of material that is specific to the X chromosome
D) both pelvic bone analysis and DNA analysis
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Topic: 8.2
Skill: Factual

46) What is responsible for the tortoiseshell phenotype in some female cats?
A) codominance
B) X inactivation
C) incomplete dominance
D) pleiotropy
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Topic: 8.2
Skill: Factual

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47) The allele for orange fur in cats is Xb, while the allele for black fur is XB. You adopt a tortoiseshell
kitten (with orange and black fur). When you take the kitten to the vet, you find out that it is a male.
What is the genotype of this kitten?
A) XBY
B) XBXb
C) XbY
D) XBXbY
Answer: D
Diff: 3
Topic: 8.2
Skill: Applied

48) A family tree that is used to follow human matings that have already occurred is a
A) test cross.
B) karyotype.
C) sex-linked record.
D) pedigree.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: 8.3
Skill: Factual

49) Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive trait in humans. If phenotypically normal parents have children
without hemophilia, pedigree analysis
A) could demonstrate that neither parent carries the hemophiliac allele.
B) would show that none of their children is a carrier of the hemophilia allele.
C) would show that none of their children could have hemophiliac children.
D) would not be able to show the exact genotypes of the parents or children.
Answer: D
Diff: 3
Topic: 8.3
Skill: Conceptual

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50) A pedigree of the British royal family shows that Queen Victoria was the first in the royal line to
have
A) hemophilia.
B) all of her children born with hemophilia.
C) a mutation in a blood-clotting gene.
D) inherited a mutation in a blood-clotting allele.
Answer: D
Diff: 3
Topic: 8.3
Skill: Conceptual

51) On a pedigree chart, a son who is affected by a genetic disorder would be represented by which
symbol?
A) a shaded circle
B) a clear circle
C) a shaded square
D) a clear square
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Topic: 8.3
Skill: Factual

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52) What does a half-shaded circle represent on a pedigree chart?
A) a female carrier
B) a female who does not have an allele for the genetic disorder represented
C) a male who is affected by the genetic disorder represented
D) a male carrier
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Topic: 8.3
Skill: Factual

53) Polydactyly is a dominant trait. A male who has polydactyly would be represented by what symbol
on a pedigree chart?
A) a half-shaded square
B) a shaded square
C) a half-shaded circle
D) a clear circle
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Topic: 8.3
Skill: Conceptual

54) Queen Elizabeth II of England is a descendant of Edward VII of England, who was the son of Queen
Victoria. Edward VII did not have hemophilia. Prince Philip, who is married to Queen Elizabeth II, is a
descendant of Alice, the daughter of Queen Victoria. Alice was a carrier of hemophilia. However, Prince
Philip does not have hemophilia. What can you assume about the children of Queen Elizabeth II and
Prince Philip?
A) None of the children could have the hemophilia allele.
B) Only the sons could have the hemophilia allele.
C) Only their daughter could have the hemophilia allele.
D) Any one of the children could have the hemophilia allele.
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Topic: 8.4
Skill: Applied

55) Which of the following types of forensic evidence was available for scientists studying the case of
the Romanovs?
A) fingerprint
B) toxicology
C) DNA
D) footprint
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: 8.4
Skill: Factual

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56) England's Prince Philip was found to have DNA sequences that matched ________.
A) both the tsar and the tsarina
B) the tsar but not the tsarina
C) the tsarina but not the tsar
D) neither the tsar nor the tsarina
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Topic: 8.4
Skill: Factual

57) When comparing the DNA fingerprints of a parent and child, the parent's DNA fingerprint will have
which of the following genetic traits?
A) all of the DNA bands that the child has
B) more than half of the DNA bands that the child has
C) DNA bands that match those in the child's fingerprint and that aren't from the other parent
D) DNA bands that are very close to bands found in the child but do not match precisely
Answer: C
Diff: 3
Topic: 8.4
Skill: Conceptual

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58) DNA fragments must be denatured during the polymerase chain reaction due to which of the
following?
A) Taq polymerase breaks down when heated
B) the repeated gene sequences are not present in double-stranded DNA
C) the primer must bind to a single-stranded template to synthesize double-stranded DNA
D) VNTRs have DNA sequences that vary in number
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Topic: 8.4
Skill: Conceptual

59) VNTR stands for

A) variable number tandem repeats.
B) varied nucleotides to repeat.
C) volumes of nucleotide tandem repeats.
D) variation of nucleotide terminal repeats.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: 8.4
Skill: Factual

60) A DNA fingerprint of a suspect doesn't match a DNA fingerprint from a blood sample taken at a
crime scene. What can you conclude?
A) The suspect was never at the crime scene.
B) The blood sample was probably degraded or destroyed in some way.
C) There is no DNA in a blood sample.
D) The blood came from a different person, but the suspect may have been there.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Topic: 8.4
Skill: Applied

61) Different persons have different DNA fingerprints because

A) they have completely different kinds of VNTRs.
B) they have different numbers of the same VNTR.
C) PCR generates some sequences more than other sequences.
D) restriction enzymes may not cut some VNTRs if adjacent to different DNA sequences.
Answer: B
Diff: 3
Topic: 8.4
Skill: Conceptual

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62) What is the function of Taq polymerase?
A) to denature DNA so its strands separate
B) to bond to complementary DNA
C) to free nucleotides from a DNA strand
D) to use primers to initiate DNA synthesis
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Topic: 8.4
Skill: Conceptual

63) Which of the following is used to produce genetic fingerprints of people?

A) RNA polymerase
B) Punnett squares
C) pedigree analysis
D) VNTRs
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Topic: 8.4
Skill: Factual

64) VNTRs are

A) fragments of DNA that have been denatured.
B) nucleotide sequences that correspond to specific genes.
C) distinct nucleotide sequences that everyone has in different numbers.
D) nucleotide sequences that are different in different individuals.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: 8.4
Skill: Factual

65) The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to

A) analyze a person's fingerprints.
B) separate fragments of DNA.
C) make many copies of a small amount of DNA.
D) cut DNA into many small pieces.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: 8.4
Skill: Factual

66) What is one reason why the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is so useful for DNA fingerprinting?
A) It can produce millions of copies from tiny amounts of DNA.
B) It can be used to compare DNA from different individuals.
C) It can identify the complete sequence of a gene.
D) It can allow scientists to visualize the DNA of specific individuals.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Topic: 8.4
Skill: Conceptual

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67) The enzyme used to synthesize daughter strands of DNA during PCR is called a ________.
A) replicase.
B) DNA polymerase.
C) RNA polymerase.
D) Taq polymerase.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: 8.4
Skill: Factual

68) In DNA fingerprinting, amplified fragments of DNA are separated from one another by which
process?
A) filtering
B) chromatography
C) electrophoresis
D) PCR (polymerase chain reaction)
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: 8.4
Skill: Factual

69) Gel electrophoresis separates DNA segments on the basis of their

A) weight.
B) length.
C) types of nucleotides.
D) complexity.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Topic: 8.4
Skill: Factual

70) DNA moves in an electric field toward

A) a positive charge.
B) a negative charge.
C) the highest concentration of gel.
D) the smallest sized DNA fragments.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: 8.4
Skill: Factual

71) What does each different band on a DNA fingerprint represent?

A) gene
B) VNTR site
C) allele
D) pleiotropy
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Topic: 8.4
Skill: Factual
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