Communication in Everyday Life A

Survey of Communication 3rd Edition

Duck Test Bank
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Chapter 8: Personal Relationships
Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. This filter provides clues regarding the way in which an individual thinks.
a. Emotional/Unemotional
b. Beliefs/Values
c. Conformity/Nonconformity
d. Behavior/Nonverbal
Ans: D
Focus Question: How are relationships initiated?
Answer Location: Initiating Relationships: The Relationship Filtering Model
Difficulty Level: Easy

2. People who do not like confrontation or open discussions are likely to have difficulty
with this process of a relationship breakdown.
a. Intrapsychic
b. Dyadic
c. Social process
d. Grave dressing
Ans: B
Focus Question: How do relationships come apart?
Answer Location: Breakdown Process Model
Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Prospective relational continuity constructional units (RCCUs) would be most likely to

indicate that one partner ______.
a. is physically absent from the relationship
b. has returned to the relationship
c. wants the other to leave the relationship
d. is about to be absent from the relationship
Ans: D
Focus Question: How are relationships transacted and maintained?
Answer Location: Keeping Relationships Going Through Communication
Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Introspective RCCUs would be most likely to indicate that one partner ______.
a. is physically absent from the relationship
b. has returned to the relationship
c. wants the other to leave the relationship
d. is about to be absent from the relationship
Ans: A
Focus Question: How are relationships transacted and maintained?
Answer Location: Keeping Relationships Going Through Communication
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. Retrospective RCCUs would be most likely to indicate that one partner ______.
a. is physically absent from the relationship
b. has returned to the relationship
c. wants the other to leave the relationship
d. is about to be absent from the relationship
Ans: B
Focus Question: How are relationships transacted and maintained?
Answer Location: Keeping Relationships Going Through Communication
Difficulty Level: Easy

6. According to Duck’s Relationship Filtering Model, people pay attention to cues about
others in the following sequence:
a. attitudes/personality, roles, behavior, physical appearance
b. roles, behavior, physical appearance, attitudes/personality
c. behavior, physical appearance, attitudes/personality, roles
d. physical appearance, behavior, roles, attitudes/personality
Ans: D
Focus Question: How are relationships initiated?
Answer Location: Initiating Relationships: The Relationship Filtering Model
Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Duck’s Relationship Filtering Model suggests that you use others’ physical
appearance to do the following:
a. screen out people who do not look as if they would see the world the way you do
b. screen out people who vote differently than you do
d. screen out people who are likely to be good relationship partners
d. screen out people who have had multiple relationships
Ans: A
Focus Question: How are relationships initiated?
Answer Location: Initiating Relationships: The Relationship Filtering Model
Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Dialectics involving a relational unit and other relational units or people within their
social networks are ______.
a. internal
b. external and internal
c. internal, then external
d. external
Ans: D
Focus Question: How are relationships transacted and maintained?
Answer Location: Relational Dialectics
Difficulty Level: Medium

9. The internal dialectic that focuses on the need for predictability and routine in a
relationship and the need for novelty and change in a relationship is ______.
a. connectedness–separateness (connection–autonomy)
b. openness–closedness
c. certainty–uncertainty (novelty–predictability)
d. None of these are internal dialectics.
Ans: C
Focus Question: How are relationships transacted and maintained?
Answer Location: Relational Dialectics
Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Communication in the resurrection phase typically ______.

a. is irreversible
b. involves reflection of what went wrong in the relationship
c. is acknowledgment that all hope is lost
d. is characterized by equity
Ans: B
Focus Question: How do relationships come apart?
Answer Location: Coming Apart
Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Weiss’s “provisions of relationships,” or the areas where relationships give us

something special, needed, or valued, include ______.
a. belonging and a sense of alliance
b. emotional disintegration
c. challenges to our worth and value
d. lack of opportunity to communicate about ourselves
Ans: A
Focus Question: What are the benefits of personal relationships?
Answer Location: Benefits of Personal Relationships
Difficulty Level: Easy

12. Social relationships are characterized by ______.

a. irreplaceability of the other person
b. uniqueness of the tasks performed by the other person
c. uniqueness of the social function performed by the other person
d. interchangeability of the other person
Ans: D
Focus Question: What are personal relationships?
Answer Location: What Are Personal Relationships?
Difficulty Level: Easy

Multiple Response

1. CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY. In a prospective RCCU, individuals may utter phrases
similar to ______.
a. “Talk to you later”
b. “See you soon”
c. “Let’s table this discussion for another time”
d. “How are you doing?”
Ans: A, B, C
Focus Question: How are relationships transacted and maintained?
Answer Location: Keeping Relationships Going Through Communication
Difficulty Level: Medium

2. CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY. Social relationships and personal relationships are
______.
a. unique and different
b. not mutually exclusive
c. standardized
d. not permanent
Ans: A, B, D
Focus Question: What are personal relationships?
Answer Location: What Are Personal Relationships?
Difficulty Level: Hard

3. CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY. What term characterizes the lack of shared
balance in the effort required to maintain a relationship?
a. Impropriety
b. Praxis
c. Inequity
d. Major transgression
Ans: C
Focus Question: How do relationships come apart?
Answer Location: Coming Apart
Difficulty Level: Medium

4. CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY. Relationships are about more than emotion and are an
important part of ______.
a. your knowledge about the world
b. what to think
c. how to act
d. what to believe and value
Ans: A, B, C, D
Focus Question: What are personal relationships?
Answer Location: Personal Relationships
Difficulty Level: Medium

5. CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY. These types of processes typically take place as a
relationship is ending.
a. Grave dressing
b. Intrapsychic
c. Social
d. Resurrection
Ans: A, B, C, D
Focus Question: How do relationships come apart?
Answer Location: Coming Apart
Difficulty Level: Medium

6. CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY. Some of the early signs of an impending relationship
breakup include ______.
a. a major transgression
b. inequity
c. a conflict that is constructive
d. a breakdown in communication
Ans: A, B, D
Focus Question: How do relationships come apart?
Answer Location: Coming Apart
Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False
1. Talk (everyday communication) cannot increase the intimacy level of a relationship.
Ans: F
Focus Question: How are relationships transacted and maintained?
Answer Location: Transacting and Maintaining Personal Relationships
Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Montgomery and Ward created the concept of praxis as a relational dialectic, which
states that people make choices that impact them as well as others.
Ans: F
Focus Question: How are relationships transacted and maintained?
Answer Location: Keeping Relationships Going Through Communication
Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Cultures often differ in the ways that they value different types of relationships.
Ans: T
Focus Question: How are relationships transacted and maintained?
Answer Location: Transacting and Maintaining Personal Relationships
Difficulty Level: Medium

4. The nature, style, and content of talk change as relationships change.

Ans: T
Focus Question: How are relationships transacted and maintained?
Answer Location: Transacting and Maintaining Personal Relationships
Difficulty Level: Medium

5. The perception of putting more into a relationship than the other partner automatically
leads to problems or the end of a relationship.
Ans: F
Focus Question: How do relationships come apart?
Answer Location: Coming Apart
Difficulty Level: Medium

6. If someone’s meaning systems differ from your own, you are likely to want to enter a
relationship with him or her.
Ans: F
Focus Question: What are personal relationships?
Answer Location: Personal Relationships
Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Flirtation is an example of direct relationship talk used to change a relationship’s

status.
Ans: F
Focus Question: How are relationships transacted and maintained?
Answer Location: Transacting and Maintaining Personal Relationships
Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Reassurance of need or value was identified by Weiss as a specific are where

relationships provide us with something special, needed, or valued.
Ans: T
Focus Question: What are the benefits of personal relationships?
Answer Location: Benefits of Personal Relationships
Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Communication intended to change a relationship’s status is usually indirect.

Ans: T
Focus Question: How are relationships transacted and maintained?
Answer Location: Transacting and Maintaining Personal Relationships
Difficulty Level: Easy

10. When we see any stranger, we can tell just by looking at him or her all the
information we need to know about that person in order to evaluate a possible
relationship.
Ans: F
Focus Question: What are personal relationships?
Answer Location: Personal Relationships
Difficulty Level: Easy

11. The complex nature of personal relationships is emphasized by the guiding

assumption of relational dialectics known as totality.
Ans: T
Focus Question: How are relationships transacted and maintained?
Answer Location: Transacting and Maintaining Personal Relationships
Difficulty Level: Easy

12. People generally communicate with others who share many of the same attitudes
and beliefs.
Ans: T
Focus Question: What are the benefits of relationships?
Answer Location: Benefits of Personal Relationships
Difficulty Level: Easy

13. During the intrapsychic process, one person in the relationship weighs the
advantages of staying in a relationship versus leaving it.
Ans: T
Focus Question: How do relationships come apart?
Answer Location: Coming Apart
Difficulty Level: Easy

14. Talk about relationships is managed consistently across all cultural boundaries.
Ans: F
Focus Question: How are relationships transacted and maintained?
Answer Location: Transacting and Maintaining Personal Relationships
Difficulty Level: Medium

Short Answer

1. What occurs as relationships transform?

Ans: When relationships transform, they move across the boundaries of various
types of relationships in individual cultures.
Focus Question: How are relationships transacted and maintained?
Answer Location: Transacting and Maintaining Personal Relationships
Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Belonging and a sense of reliable alliance are important because ______.

Ans: they give us a sense of comfort, stability, and connection with others
Focus Question: What are personal of relationships?
Answer Location: Personal Relationships
Difficulty Level: Easy

3. How is flirtation a tool in advancing a relationship?

Ans: Flirtation can lead to a first date, the sharing of a joke, or something more serious,
if both partners are interested.
Focus Question: How are relationships transacted and maintained?
Answer Location: Transacting and Maintaining Personal Relationships
Difficulty Level: Hard

4. Explain the role of physical appearance in Duck’s Relationship Filtering Model.

Ans: We use cues of physical appearance to filter out those people who do not appear
to support our ways of seeing the world or confirming self and, therefore, are not good
prospects for the kinds of relationships we like or might be looking for.
Focus Question: How are relationships initiated?
Answer Location: Initiating Relationships: The Relationship Filtering Model
Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Provide an example of the external dialectic of revelation–concealment.

Ans: When a romantic relationship develops in the workplace, there may be a need for
individuals to keep the affair a secret, while others may wish to share information about
the relationship with those close to them.
Focus Question: How are relationships transacted and maintained?
Answer Location: Keeping Relationships Going Through Communication
Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. Explain how relationships influence what you don’t know.

Ans: People tend to spend time with others who have similar interests and share the
same knowledge base. When people surround themselves with new people with varying
points of views and experience, it can expose them to new opportunities, information,
and perspectives.
Focus Question: What are the benefits of relationships?
Answer Location: Benefits of Personal Relationships
Difficulty Level: Hard

2. Why are people careful about engaging in direct talk about relationships?
Ans: Entering into a direct conversation about a relationship can be difficult, and it often
causes people to avoid the issue. The act forces individuals to face its meaning, which
may not be what one partner wants.
Focus Question: How are relationships transacted and maintained?
Answer Location: Transacting and Maintaining Personal Relationships
Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Explain how relationships influence the distribution of information.

Ans: Relationships help people share information and news. We tell secrets to our
friends that we would not tell to strangers, and news travels through networks of people
who know each another. Certain information, not just pertaining to personal
relationships but pertaining to the world in general, is shared among members of social
networks.
Focus Question: What are the benefits of personal relationships?
Answer Location: Benefits of Personal Relationships
Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Discuss the difference between social and personal relationships.

Ans: Social relationships are those we maintain with people who perform similar tasks
and social functions but can be easily interchanged with each other without destroying
the relationship (restaurant servers, garbage collectors, bus drivers). Personal
relationships are those we maintain with people who are specific and irreplaceable in
the relationship (family, best friends, romantic partners).
Focus Question: What are personal relationships?
Answer Location: What Are Personal Relationships?
Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Explain how the grave-dressing process works when a relationship comes apart.
Ans: Grave dressing involves the creation of a story regarding why a relationship died
and the erection of a metaphorical tombstone that summarizes its main points from birth
to death. The process also involves storytelling, and the usual form of breakup story
follows a narrative structure that portrays the speaker as a dedicated but alert relater
who went into the relationship realizing it was not perfect and needed work. Praise for
the relationship is often included in the grave-dressing process.
Focus Question: How do relationships come apart?
Answer Location: Coming Apart
Difficulty Level: Hard

6. Explain Duck’s claim that relationship development depends on the interpretation of

information sharing, not just the act of information sharing.
Ans: Just because two people share information does not mean that they will develop a
deeper relationship. The relationship grows not from the act of sharing the information
but instead by the use that the two people make of that information and the ways they
choose to interpret and use it.
Focus Question: How are relationships initiated?
Answer Location: Initiating Relationships: The Relationship Filtering Model
Difficulty Level: Hard

7. Relationships are categorized according to different styles of communication. Explain

how the understanding and appreciation of business relationships depends on culture.
Ans: Depending upon the culture, business relationships and the acquaintances that
result may be viewed as formal. This type of relationship relies primarily on formal
communication, as opposed to the informal communication that is shared among
friends. Therefore, the relational category of friend is more casual than that of a
business relationship.
Focus Question: What are personal relationships?
Answer Location: What Are Personal Relationships?
Difficulty Level: Hard

8. Contradiction involves the interplay between two things that are connected at the
same time they are in opposition. What might those two things include?
Ans: The two things are competing needs within relationships. As people work to find a
balance in relationships, it is inevitable that competing needs be addressed. These
competing needs could include sometimes wanting to be around friends and sometimes
wanting to be away from them, sometimes wanting to talk with your family and
sometimes not wanting to talk with them, and more.
Focus Question: How are relationships transacted and maintained?
Answer Location: Transacting and Maintaining Personal Relationships
Difficulty Level: Hard
9. Using Weiss’s provisions of relationships, explain some of the reasons people are
drawn to social media.
Ans: People are drawn to social media for a wide variety of reasons. They may feel
disconnected in some way and wish to reach out to others they believe can provide a
sense of comfort. Social networking sites offer the opportunity for individuals to develop
relationships that make them feel supported when they feel alone and/or need
assistance. On these websites, people can express their needs, as well as engage in
social interactions as often as they wish.
Focus Question: What are the benefits of personal relationships?
Answer Location: Relationships and Support
Difficulty Level: Hard

10. How do people make sense of relationships when they are always changing?
Ans: Relationships are in a constant state of flux despite the fact that people think of
them as being stable. The reality is that people are continually changing and must learn
to deal with the instability of relationships.
Focus Question: How are relationships maintained and transacted?
Answer Location: Transacting and Maintaining Personal Relationships
Difficulty Level: Hard

11. Explain why being on the rebound after a relationship ends is accepted in society.
Ans: The term rebound refers to bouncing back after an event has occurred. When an
individual is able to rebound and return to his or her normal life after the relationship
ends, this is a sign that life goes on despite what appears to be a setback. Typically,
when a person becomes single, it is not long before he or she is in the search of a new
partner to fill the void. Resurrection is simply a part of the relationship breakup process,
implying that there is hope for a new one.
Focus Question: How do relationships come apart?
Answer Location: Coming Apart
Difficulty Level: Hard

12. Explain why some people may believe it is important to have friends from social
networks support them when in the midst of a relationship breakdown.
Ans: It is not uncommon for friends, acquaintances, and neighbors to share the same
social networks. The partners in a relationship are also likely to be involved in those
social networks to some degree. People can ask for relationship help via social
networks, which can result in getting advice quickly from multiple sources. This type of
interaction can act as an outlet for individuals needing support as their relationships
come to a close.
Focus Question: How do relationships come apart?
Answer Location: Coming Apart
Difficulty Level: Hard

13. Explain how relationships are evaluated.

Ans: Relationships are evaluated by individual standards that change over time. If
communication breaks down, information may not be shared as it once was, which may
change how the relationship is assessed and may threaten its stability. What individuals
require from a relationship can change over time, resulting in the needs of those
involved not being sufficiently met. People may also compare their relationships to
others and find their own lacking.
Focus Question: How do relationships come apart?
Answer Location: Coming Apart
Difficulty Level: Hard