‫اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪ ،٢١‬اﻟﻌﺪد ‪٢٠١٠ ،١‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮﯾﺔ‬

‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻟﺔ و اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎطﯿﺴﯿﺔ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﯿﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ‬

‫ﻟﻠﻨﻮى ﺷﺪﯾﺪة اﻟﺘﺸﻮه ذات اﻟﺘﻨﺎظﺮ اﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﻜﻲ )‪SU(3‬‬
‫اﯾﻤﺎن طﺎرق اﻟﻌﻠﻮي و ﻋﻄﺎء ﻋﻠﻲ ﺣﺴﻦ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﯿﺰﯾﺎء‪ /‬ﻛﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم ‪/‬اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮﯾﺔ‬

‫ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﺗﻘﺪﯾﻢ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ‪ - ٢٠٠٩/٦/٢٠‬ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﻗﺒﻮل اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ‪٢٠٠٩/١٢/٦‬‬

‫‪ABSTRACT‬‬
‫‪In this work, the Interacting Boson Model (IBM-1) is used to study and to‬‬
‫‪calculate the magnetic dipole transitions probability B(M1), and the reduced matrix‬‬
‫‪element of magnetic dipole transitions operator  Lf || Tˆ || Li  for strongly‬‬
‫)‪(M1‬‬

‫‪deformed nuclei with mass number (A=170,174,182) for even-even‬‬

‫‪(170‬‬ ‫‪174‬‬ ‫‪182‬‬
‫)‪68 Er102 , 72 Hf 102 , 74W108 ) nuclei respectively. These nuclei are belonging to the SU(3‬‬
‫‪dynamical symmetry. The magnetic dipole moments have been based on the‬‬
‫‪calculation of reduced matrix element of the magnetic dipole operator and on the‬‬
‫‪calculation of the Clebsh-Gorden coefficients, using (M5.for) program.‬‬
‫‪The calculated results are compared with the available experimental data and‬‬
‫‪they found to be in good agreement.‬‬

‫اﻟﺨﻼﺻﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻢ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻧﻤﻮذج اﻟﺒﻮزوﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻔﺎﻋﻠﺔ اﻻول )‪ (IBM-1‬ﻟﺪراﺳﺔ وﺣﺴﺎب اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎطﯿﺴﯿﺔ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﯿﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ )‪ B(M1‬وﺣﺴﺎب ﻗﯿﻢ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻟﺔ ﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬
‫اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎطﯿﺴﻲ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ ‪  Lf || Tˆ || Li ‬ﻟﻠﻨﻮى ﺷﺪﯾﺪة اﻟﺘﺸﻮه ذات اﻷﻋﺪاد اﻟﻜﺘﻠﯿﺔ )‪(A=170,174,182‬‬
‫)‪(M1‬‬

‫‪ (170‬ذات اﻟﺘﻨﺎظﺮ اﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﻜﻲ )‪ SU(3‬ﻟﻜﻞ ﻧﻮاة‪.‬ان‬ ‫‪174‬‬ ‫‪182‬‬

‫ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻻﻧﻮﯾﺔ اﻟﺰوﺟﯿﺔ ‪ -‬زوﺟﯿﺔ ) ‪68 Er102 , 72 Hf 102 , 74W108‬‬
‫ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻌﺰوم اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎطﯿﺴﯿﺔ ﺛﻨﺎﺛﯿﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ ﯾﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻟﺔ ﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬
‫اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎطﯿﺴﻲ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ ‪  Lf || Tˆ || Li ‬وﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت ﻛﻼﺑﺶ ﻛﻮردن ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬
‫)‪(M1‬‬

‫)‪ .(M5.for‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﺗﻤﺖ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻓﺮة و ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺘﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺟﯿﺪ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ان ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺗﺬﺑﺬب ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ )‪ (Dipole Oscillation‬ﺗﺤﺪث ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻮى اﻟﻜﺮوﯾﺔ‬
‫واﻟﻤﺸﻮھﺔ وﯾﻜﻮن ﺗﺬﺑﺬب اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻊ اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﺗﺠﺎه ﻣﻌﺎﻛﺲ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺋﻊ اﻟﻨﯿﻮﺗﺮوﻧﻲ ]‪.[١‬اﻣﺎ اذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻮاة ﻣﺸﻮھﺔ )‪ (Deformed Nucleus‬ﻓﺎﻧﮭﺎ ﺳﺘﺪور ﺣﻮل ﻣﺤﻮر ﻣﻌﯿﻦ ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺰﺧﻢ اﻟﺰاوي )‪.(Angular Momentum‬وﻣﻦ اھﻢ اﻻﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﻤﺸﻮھﺔ ھﻮ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻻھﻠﯿﻠﯿﺠﻲ‬
‫)‪(Ellipsoidal‬وﯾﻜﻮن اﻣﺎ اھﻠﯿﻠﯿﺠﯿﺎ ً ﻣﺘﻄﺎوﻻ ً )‪(Prolate‬او اھﻠﯿﻠﯿﺠﯿﺎ ً ﻣﻔﻠﻄﺤﺎ ً )‪. (Oblate‬ﻓﺎذا‬
‫ﻛﺎن اﻟﺪوران ﺣﻮل ﻣﺤﻮر ﻋﻤﻮدي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺤﻮر اﻟﺘﻨﺎظﺮ ﻓﯿﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﺪوران اﻟﻤﺘﻄﺎول ‪(Prolate‬‬
‫)‪ Rotation‬اﻣﺎ اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺪوران ﺣﻮل ﻣﺤﻮر ﻣﻮازي ﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻟﺘﻨﺎظﺮ ﻓﯿﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﺪوران اﻟﻤﻔﻠﻄﺢ‬
‫)‪ .[2,3] (Oblate Rotation‬ان ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺎت داﺧﻞ اﻟﻨﻮاة ﯾﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﺰوﻣﺎ ً ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬
‫وﻣﻐﻨﺎطﯿﺴﯿﺔ ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة اﻟﻘﻄﺒﯿﺔ ﺗﺘﺤﺪد ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ )‪ (2L‬ﺣﯿﺚ ‪ L‬ﯾﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﻌﺪد اﻟﻜﻤﻲ اﻟﻤﺪاري‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﯿﻤﺔ )‪ (L=0‬ﻓﺎن اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺪارﯾﺔ ﺗﺴﺎوي ﺻﻔﺮا ً‪ ،‬وھﺬا ﯾﻌﻨﻲ وﺟﻮد ﻣﺠﺎل ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫اﺣﺎدي اﻟﻘﻄﺒﯿﺔ )‪ (Monopole‬وھﻮ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﻮﻟﻮﻣﻲ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﻮزﯾﻊ اﻟﻜﺮوي اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻈﻢ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺸﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ )ﺑﺮوﺗﻮﻧﺎت( ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻮاة‪ ،‬وﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﯿﻤﺔ )‪ (L=1‬ﻓﮭﺬا ﯾﻌﻨﻲ وﺟﻮد ﺣﺮﻛﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺪارﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﺤﻨﺎت اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ‪ ،‬ﯾﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﮭﺎ ﻣﺠﺎل ﻣﻐﻨﺎطﯿﺴﻲ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ )‪ (Dipole‬وﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬

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 ‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻟﺔ و اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎطﯿﺴﯿﺔ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﯿﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ ﻟﻠﻨﻮى ﺷﺪﯾﺪة اﻟﺘﺸﻮه ذات اﻟﺘﻨﺎظﺮ اﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﻜﻲ‬
‫)‪SU(3‬‬
‫اﯾﻤﺎن و ﻋﻄﺎء‬

‫ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻖ اﻻﻣﺮ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﺰوم اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ رﺑﺎﻋﯿﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ‪ ،‬واﻟﻌﺰوم اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎطﯿﺴﯿﺔ ﺛﻤﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻄﺐ ]‪ .[4,5‬وﯾﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻧﺴﺐ اﻟﺨﻠﻂ )‪ (Mixing Ratios) δ(E2/M1‬وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺣﺴﺎب‬
‫ﻧﺴﺐ اﻟﺨﻠﻂ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻟﺔ )‪ (Reduced Mixing Ratios) Δ(E2/M1‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻻت‬
‫اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ رﺑﺎﻋﯿﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ )‪ B(E2‬واﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎطﯿﺴﯿﺔ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﯿﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ )‪ B(M1‬وﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻟﺔ ﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ )‪ Tˆ ( E 2‬وﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻟﺔ ﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮ‬
‫اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎطﯿﺴﻲ )‪ . Tˆ ( M 1‬ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم )‪ (١٩٨٧‬وﺿﻊ )‪ (Casten‬وﺟﻤﺎﻋﺘﮫ ]‪ [٦‬دراﺳﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻼت اﻟﻤﺘﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟـ ‪ p-n‬واﻟﺘﺠﻤﯿﻌﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻮرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻮى اﻟﺜﻘﯿﻠﺔ )‪ (Heavy Nuclei‬وﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻗﯿﻢ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎطﯿﺴﯿﺔ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﯿﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ )‪ B(M1‬ﻟﻠﻨﻮى اﻟﻤﺸﻮھﺔ اﻟﺜﻘﯿﻠﺔ‪ .‬وﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻋﺎم )‪ (١٩٨٧‬اﯾﻀﺎ ً ﻗﺎم )‪ (Dieperink‬وﺟﻤﺎﻋﺘﮫ]‪ [٧‬ﺑﺤﺴﺎب ﻗﯿﻢ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻻت‬
‫اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎطﯿﺴﯿﺔ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﯿﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ )‪ B(M1‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻮى اﻟﻤﺸﻮھﺔ )‪ (Deformed Nuclei‬اﻟﺰوﺟﯿﺔ‪-‬‬
‫زوﺟﯿﺔ )‪ (Even-Even‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻧﻤﻮذج اﻟﺒﻮزوﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻔﺎﻋﻠﺔ )‪(Interacting (IBM‬‬
‫)‪ .Boson Model‬وﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻟﺔ ﻟﻌﺰم ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎطﯿﺴﻲ‬
‫)‪ (M1‬ﻟﻼﻧﺘﻘﺎﻻت ‪ γγ‬و ‪ γg‬ﻟﻌﺪد ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮى اﻟﻤﺸﻮھﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﺑﯿﺔ اﻟﻨﺎدرة ‪(Rare-‬‬
‫)‪ Earth Region‬ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺎظﺮ اﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﻜﻲ )‪ . SU(3‬وﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم )‪ (٢٠٠١‬ﻗﺎم )‪(Görgen‬‬
‫وﺟﻤﺎﻋﺘﮫ]‪[٨‬ﺑﺪراﺳﺔ ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺎت ﻟﻠﺤﺰم اﻟﺪوراﻧﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻮى اﻟﻤﺸﻮھﺔ ‪(Deformed‬‬
‫)‪ Nuclei‬اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻟﺪة ﻣﻦ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻻت اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ رﺑﺎﻋﯿﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ ‪ E2‬واﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎطﯿﺴﯿﺔ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻄﺐ ‪ .M1‬وﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم )‪ (٢٠٠٢‬اﯾﻀﺎ ً ﻗﺎم )‪ (Draayer‬وﺟﻤﺎﻋﺘﮫ ]‪ [٩‬ﺑﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﻈﺎھﺮة‬
‫اﻟﺘﺠﻤﯿﻌﯿﺔ )‪ (Collective Phenomena‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻮى اﻟﺜﻘﯿﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﻮھﺔ ‪(Heavy Deformed‬‬
‫)‪ Nuclei‬ﺑﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ‪ A150‬ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺎظﺮ اﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﻜﻲ )‪ SU(3‬وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻗﯿﻢ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻻت‬
‫اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎطﯿﺴﯿﺔ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ )‪ B(M1‬وﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺠﮭﻢ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ‪ .‬وﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم )‪(٢٠٠٧‬‬
‫اھﺘﻢ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ )‪ [١٠](Yazar and Uluer‬ﺑﺪراﺳﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺧﻮاص اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻻت اﻟﻜﮭﺮوﻣﻐﻨﺎطﯿﺴﯿﺔ‬
‫وﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻣﺘﻮاﻓﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻘﯿﻢ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ وﻓﻖ ﻧﻤﻮذج )‪ .(IBM‬وﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم )‪ (٢٠٠٨‬اﯾﻀﺎ ً ﻗﺎم‬
‫)‪ (Smith‬وﺟﻤﺎﻋﺘﮫ]‪ [١١‬ﺑﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﺘﻨﺎظﺮات اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﯿﺔ )‪ (Transitional Symmetries‬وﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺣﺴﺒﻮا ﻗﯿﻢ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎطﯿﺴﯿﺔ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﯿﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ )‪ B(M1‬ﻟﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﻨﻮى‪.‬‬

‫اﻻﺳﺲ اﻟﻨﻈﺮﯾﺔ‬
‫اﻗﺘﺮح ﻧﻤﻮذج اﻟﺒﻮزوﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻔﺎﻋﻠﺔ )‪ (Interacting Boson Model) (IBM‬ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻋﺎم )‪ (1974‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ )‪ .[٤](Arima and Iachello‬ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج ﯾﺘﻢ وﺻﻒ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﯾﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺘﺠﻤﯿﻌﯿﺔ اﻟﻮاطﺌﺔ )‪ (Low Lying Collective States‬ﻟﻠﻨﻮى اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ واﻟﺜﻘﯿﻠﺔ )اﻟﺰوﺟﯿﺔ‪-‬‬
‫زوﺟﯿﺔ( واﻟﺒﻌﯿﺪة ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺪارات اﻟﻤﻐﻠﻘﺔ واﻟﻤﺴﯿﻄﺮ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﺗﮭﯿﺠﺎت اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﻮﻧﺎت‬
‫واﻟﻨﯿﻮﺗﺮوﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﻜﺎﻓﺆﯾﺔ )‪ (Valance Nucleons‬اي اﻟﻨﯿﻮﻛﻠﯿﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﻊ ﺧﺎرج اﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺪار‬
‫ﻣﻐﻠﻖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻮاة‪ ،‬ﻟﺘﻜﻮن ﺟﺴﯿﻤﺎت ﻣﺰدوﺟﺔ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﻮﻧﺎت او اﻟﻨﯿﻮﺗﺮوﻧﺎت واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻮزوﻧﺎت ذات زﺧﻮم زاوﯾﺔ ‪ ٠‬او ‪ (j=0,2) ٢‬ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﻜﻮن ﻓﯿﮭﺎ اﻟﺒﻮزون‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻮزون ذو اﻟﺰﺧﻢ اﻟﺰاوي )‪ (j=0‬ﯾﺴﻤﻰ ﺑـ )‪ (s-boson‬وﯾﺮﻣﺰ ﻟﮫ )‪ ،(Nπ‬ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ اﻟﺬي ﯾﻤﺘﻠﻚ‬
‫زﺧﻤﺎ ً زاوﯾﺎ ً )‪ (j=2‬ﯾﺮﻣﺰ ﻟﮫ )‪ (Nυ‬وﯾﺴﻤﻰ ﺑـ )‪ (d-boson‬وان اﻟﻌﺪد اﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﻮزوﻧﺎت ھﻮ‬
‫)‪.[4,5,12] (N=Nπ+Nυ‬‬
‫ﺣﯿﺚ ان ‪ Nπ‬ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﻋﺪد اﻟﺒﻮزوﻧﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮع ﺑﺮوﺗﻮن‪-‬ﺑﺮوﺗﻮن‪.‬‬
‫و ‪ Nυ‬ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﻋﺪد اﻟﺒﻮزوﻧﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮع ﻧﯿﻮﺗﺮون‪-‬ﻧﯿﻮﺗﺮون‪.‬‬

‫ان ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎطﯿﺴﻲ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ وﻓﻖ ﻧﻤﻮذج )‪ (IBM-1‬ﺗﻌﻄﻰ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻵﺗﯿﺔ ]‪:[4,12,13,14‬‬

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‫اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪ ،٢١‬اﻟﻌﺪد ‪٢٠١٠ ،١‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮﯾﺔ‬

‫~‬ ‫ˆ~‬ ‫ˆ~ ˆ~‬

‫)‪Tˆm( M 1)  1[dˆ †  d ](m1)  ~1[(dˆ †  dˆ † ) ( 4)  [d  d ]( 4) ](m1‬‬
‫ˆ~ ˆ~‬
‫)‪ ~1[(dˆ †  dˆ † ) ( 2)  (d  d ) ( 2) ](m1‬‬
‫~‬ ‫)‪~ˆ ˆ ( 2‬‬ ‫ˆ~ ˆ~‬ ‫)‪…(1‬‬
‫~ ‪ 1[(dˆ †  dˆ † ) ( 2)  (d ‬‬ ‫)‪s )  (dˆ †  sˆ† ) ( 2)  (d  d ) ( 2) ](m1‬‬
‫ˆ~‬
‫~( ‪ ~1[(dˆ †  sˆ † ) ( 2) ‬‬
‫)‪sˆ  d ) ( 2) ](m1‬‬
‫~‬ ‫~‬
‫ﺣﯿﺚ ان‪ ~1 , 1 , ~1,~1, 1 :‬ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت ﺧﻄﯿﺔ )‪ (Linear Coefficients‬واﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻤﻮذج‬
‫)‪(IBM-1‬ﻟﺤﺴﺎب ﻣﺆﺛﺮ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎطﯿﺴﻲ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ ﻣﻘﺎﺳﺎ ً ﺑﻮﺣﺪات )‪(Nuclear (μN‬‬
‫)‪.Magneton‬‬
‫~‬
‫وﺗﻌﻄﻰ ̂‪ dˆ ، ~s‬ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت اﻵﺗﯿﺔ]‪:[٤‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫̂‪~ŝ  s‬‬
‫ˆ~‬
‫‪…(2) d m  (1) m dˆ m‬‬ ‫‪; m  0,  1,  2‬‬

‫اﻣﺎ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎطﯿﺴﻲ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ ﺗﻌﻄﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻵﺗﯿﺔ ]‪:[4,12,13‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪B( M 1; Li  L f ) ‬‬ ‫‪| L f || Tˆ ( M 1) || Li |2 (  N ) 2‬‬ ‫)‪…(3‬‬
‫‪2 Li  1‬‬
‫اﻣﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎء )‪ (Selection Rules‬ﻟﻼﻧﺘﻘﺎﻻت اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ واﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎطﯿﺴﯿﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺼﻮرة ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﺎن ﺷﺮوط اﻧﺒﻌﺎث اﺷﻌﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﺎ ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة اﻻﻗﻄﺎب ﯾﺠﺐ ان ﺗﺤﻘﻖ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻵﺗﯿﺔ‬
‫]‪:[15,16‬‬
‫)‪|Li-Lf|≤L≤(Li+Lf‬‬ ‫)‪(no L=0‬‬ ‫)‪…(4‬‬

‫‪πi . πf=(-1)L‬‬ ‫)‪(Electric Multipoles Transitions‬‬ ‫)‪…(5‬‬

‫)‪πi . πf=(-1)L+1 (Magnetic Multipoles Transitions‬‬ ‫)‪…(6‬‬

‫وان اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻻت ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة اﻻﻗﻄﺎب ﺗﺨﻀﻊ ﻻﺣﺪى اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﯿﻦ اﻻﺗﯿﺘﯿﻦ‪:‬‬

‫‪M1,E2,M3,E4,M5‬‬ ‫‪for πi.πf=+1‬‬ ‫)‪…(7‬‬
‫‪E1,M2,E3,M4,E5‬‬ ‫‪for πi.πf=-1‬‬ ‫)‪…(8‬‬
‫وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻻﻋﺪاد اﻟﻜﻤﯿﺔ ﻟﻨﻤﻮذج )‪ (IBM-1‬ﻓﺎن ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎء ‪(Selection‬‬
‫)‪ Rules‬ﻟﻼﻧﺘﻘﺎﻻت اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ رﺑﺎﻋﯿﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺎظﺮ اﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﻜﻲ )‪ SU(3‬ﺑﯿﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﯾﺎت ‪ | [ N ](,  ) ~LM L ‬ھﻲ ﻛﺎﻷﺗﻲ ]‪:[4,12,13,14‬‬
‫‪Δλ=0 , Δμ=0‬‬ ‫)‪…(9‬‬

‫اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ واﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬
‫ان ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ )‪ (M5.for‬ﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﮫ و ﺗﺨﺼﯿﺼﮫ ﻟﺤﺴﺎب اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎطﯿﺴﯿﺔ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻄﺐ‪ ،‬اذ ﯾﻘﻮم ﺑﺤﺴﺎب اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ ھﺬه اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻻت )‪ B(M1‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﺪود اﻟﺠﺴﯿﻢ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ واﻟﺠﺴﯿﻤﯿﻦ‬
‫)‪ (One and Two Body‬ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ (3‬وﻗﯿﻢ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎطﯿﺴﯿﺔ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬

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 ‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻟﺔ و اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎطﯿﺴﯿﺔ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﯿﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ ﻟﻠﻨﻮى ﺷﺪﯾﺪة اﻟﺘﺸﻮه ذات اﻟﺘﻨﺎظﺮ اﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﻜﻲ‬
‫)‪SU(3‬‬
‫اﯾﻤﺎن و ﻋﻄﺎء‬

‫اﻟﻘﻄﺐ )‪ Tˆ ( M 1‬ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ (١‬وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻟﺔ ﻟﮭﺬا اﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮ‪ .‬ان‬
‫ھﺬا اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ )‪ (M5.for‬ﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﮫ ﺑﻠﻐﺔ )‪ (Fortran 90‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﯿﻠﻲ‬
‫)‪، .(Compaq Visual Fortran CVF 6.6‬اذ ﯾﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻠﻒ ادﺧﺎل ﻟﻘﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﮭﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺬاﺗﯿﺔ )‪ (Eigen Vectors‬ﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺠﮭﯿﺰه ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺸﻐﯿﻞ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﻲ )‪ (IBM-1‬و ﻣﻠﻒ‬
‫أﺧﺮ ﻟﻘﺮاءة اﻋﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻣﺆﺛﺮ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎطﯿﺴﻲ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ )‪ Tˆ ( M 1‬ﻛﻤﻠﻒ ادﺧﺎل‬
‫~‬ ‫~‬
‫) ‪ . ( 1 ,~1 , ~1 , 1 ,~1‬ﺣﯿﺚ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮي اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻲ واﻟﻨﮭﺎﺋﻲ )‪ (Li,Lf‬ﻟﮭﺬه اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻻت واﻟﻌﺪد‬
‫اﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﻮزوﻧﺎت ﻟﻜﻞ ﻧﻮاة‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ وﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﻐﺬﯾﺘﮫ اﯾﻀﺎ ً ﺑﻔﺎﯾﻞ ادﺧﺎل ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت اﻟﻔﺼﻞ )‪(CFP‬‬
‫)‪ (Coefficients of Fractional Parentage‬اﻟﺬي ﺗﻢ أﻋﺪاده ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﮭﺬا‬
‫اﻟﻐﺮض‪.‬وﯾﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ )‪ (M5.for‬ﺑﺼﻮرة ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎء اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻻت‬
‫اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎطﯿﺴﯿﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻻت )‪.(8← 4‬‬
‫ﺗﻢ ﺧﻼل ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ )‪ (M5.for‬ﺣﺴﺎب ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻟﺔ‬
‫‪  L f || Tˆ ( M 2) || Li ‬واﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎطﯿﺴﯿﺔ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﯿﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ )‪ B(M1‬وﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﻣﻘﺎرﺑﺔ ﺟﺪا ﻟﻠﻘﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻓﺮة و اﻟﻮﺣﯿﺪة ﻟﻼﻧﺘﻘﺎل )‪[17](22+-21+‬‬
‫‪ , (170‬إذ ﻟﻢ ﯾﺘﻮﻓﺮ أي ﻗﯿﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ أﺧﺮى ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫‪174‬‬ ‫‪182‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ اﻻﻧﻮﯾﺔ ﻗﯿﺪ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ) ‪68 Er102 , 72 Hf 102 , 74W108‬‬

‫ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ اﻟﻘﯿﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻼﻧﺘﻘﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎطﯿﺴﯿﺔ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻗﯿﺎﺳﺎت اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻻت اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ‪.‬‬

‫~‬ ‫~‬
‫اﻟﺠﺪول )‪ (1‬ﯾﺒﯿﻦ اﻻﻋﻠﻮﻣﺎت ) ‪ ( 1,~1,~1,1,~1‬اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻀﻤﻨﺘﮭﺎ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ‬
‫‪ (170‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ واﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫‪174‬‬ ‫‪182‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻟﺔ ‪ˆ ( M 2 ) || L ‬‬
‫‪  L f || T‬ﻟﻜﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻨﻮى ) ‪68 Er102 , 72 Hf 102 , 74W108‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬

‫ﺗﻢ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ أﻓﻀﻞ ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ )‪ (Fitting‬ﺗﻢ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﯿﮫ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺪول ‪ : ١-‬ﻗﯿﻢ أﻋﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻟﺔ ‪  L f || Tˆ ( M 2 ) || Li ‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ )‪.(M5.for‬‬

‫‪Dynamical‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‬
‫‪Nuclei‬‬ ‫‪( μN) 1‬‬ ‫‪( μN) ~1‬‬ ‫‪( μN) ~1‬‬ ‫)‪ 1 ( μN‬‬ ‫‪( μN)~1‬‬
‫‪Symmetry‬‬
‫‪170‬‬ ‫)‪SU(3‬‬
‫‪68‬‬ ‫‪Er102‬‬ ‫‪0.0131‬‬ ‫‪0.0004‬‬ ‫‪0.0603‬‬ ‫‪0.0568‬‬ ‫‪0.0262‬‬
‫‪174‬‬ ‫)‪SU(3‬‬
‫‪72‬‬ ‫‪Hf102‬‬ ‫‪0.0287‬‬ ‫‪0.0053‬‬ ‫‪0.1253‬‬ ‫‪0.2568‬‬ ‫‪0.0039‬‬

‫‪182‬‬ ‫)‪SU(3‬‬
‫‪74‬‬ ‫‪W108‬‬ ‫‪0.0524‬‬ ‫‪0.0025‬‬ ‫‪0.4003‬‬ ‫‪0.1796‬‬ ‫‪0.0083‬‬

‫‪62‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪ ،٢١‬اﻟﻌﺪد ‪٢٠١٠ ،١‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮﯾﺔ‬

‫ﯾﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (1‬اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎطﯿﺴﯿﺔ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﯿﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ )‪ B(M1‬واﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮ‬
‫‪. (170‬‬ ‫‪174‬‬ ‫‪182‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺰﺧﻢ اﻟﺰاوي ‪ LL-2‬ﻟﻠﺤﺰﻣﺔ اﻷرﺿﯿﺔ ) ‪ (g-band‬ﻟﻼﻧﻮﯾﺔ ) ‪68 Er102 , 72 Hf 102 , 74W108‬‬
‫‪170‬‬ ‫‪182‬‬
‫ﺣﯿﺚ ﻧﻼﺣﻆ إن ﻛﻼ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮاة ‪ , 68 Er102 74W108‬ﻟﮭﻤﺎ ﺳﻠﻮﻛﺎ ﻣﺘﺸﺎﺑﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ازدﯾﺎد ﻗﯿﻤﺔ )‪B(M1‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﯿﯿﻦ )‪ (21+-01+‬و )‪ (41+-21+‬ﺛﻢ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﺼﺎن ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺗﺪرﯾﺠﻲ ﻟﺒﻘﯿﺔ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻻت‪ .‬أﻣﺎ‬
‫‪174‬‬
‫ﻧﻮاة ‪ 72 Hf102‬ﻓﺘﺄﺧﺬ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ )‪ B(M1‬ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺰاﯾﺪ ﻟﻼﻧﺘﻘﺎﻻت )‪ (21+-01+‬و )‪ (41+-21+‬و )‪(61+-41+‬‬
‫و ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ ﺗﺘﻨﺎﻗﺺ ﺗﺪرﯾﺠﯿﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺑﻘﯿﺔ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻻت‪.‬‬
‫‪182‬‬
‫و ﯾﺒﯿﻦ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (2‬ﺗﻐﯿﺮ ﻗﯿﻢ )‪ B(M1‬ﻟﺤﺰم ﺑﯿﺘﺎ )‪ (-band‬ﻟﻼﻧﻮﯾﺔ ‪, 74W108‬‬
‫‪174‬‬
‫‪ 72 Hf102 , 170‬وﻧﻼﺣﻆ اﻟﺘﺸﺎﺑﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻠﻮك اﻟﻌﺎم ﻣﻊ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻗﯿﻢ )‪ B(M1‬ﻟﺤﺰﻣﺔ‬
‫‪68 Er102‬‬

‫‪ 170‬وﺗﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺰﻣﺘﻲ ﺑﯿﺘﺎ اﻷوﻟﻰ واﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ )‪(1,2-bands‬‬

‫ﺑﯿﺘﺎ ) ‪ (-band‬ﻓﻲ ﻧﻮاة ‪68 Er102‬‬
‫‪182‬‬
‫‪, 174‬‬
‫أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻗﯿﻤﺘﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻮاﺗﻲ ‪72 Hf102‬‬
‫و ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﯿﻢ )‪ B(M1‬ﻓﻲ ﻧﻮاة ‪W108‬‬
‫‪74‬‬
‫‪174‬‬
‫‪72‬‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻮاة ‪Hf102‬‬
‫‪. 170‬‬
‫‪68 Er102‬‬

‫أﻣﺎ ﺣﺰﻣﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﺎ )‪ (-band‬ﻓﯿﻮﺿﺤﮭﺎ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (3‬ﻟﻼﻧﻮﯾﺔ ﻗﯿﺪ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻓﻨﻼﺣﻆ ﺗﺬﺑﺬب ﻗﯿﻢ‬
‫)‪ B(M1‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﺰم ﻛﺎﻣﺎ ﻟﻼﻧﻮﯾﺔ اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻸﺳﺒﺎب اﻻﺗﯿﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﻋﺪم ﺗﻮﻓﺮ اﻟﻘﯿﻢ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﻓﯿﺔ ﻟﺤﺰﻣﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﺎ ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﯾﺎت اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﻋﺪم اﻟﺘﻤﯿﯿﺰ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺑﻮزوﻧﺎت اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﻮﻧﺎت )‪ (Nπ‬وﺑﻮزوﻧﺎت اﻟﻨﯿﻮﺗﺮوﻧﺎت )‪ (Nυ‬ﻓﻲ ﻧﻤﻮذج‬
‫)‪ (IBM-1‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﺟﻌﻞ اﺧﺘﻼف واﺿﺢ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻘﯿﻢ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ واﻟﻨﻈﺮﯾﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﯾﺎت اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺣﺰﻣﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ان اﻻﻧﻮﯾﺔ اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﺗﻜﻮن اﺷﺪ ﺗﺸﻮھﺎ ً ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﯾﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻟﯿﺔ وﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ً ﻓﻲ ﺣﺰﻣﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻤﺎ ﯾﺠﻌﻞ اﻟﻨﻮاة ﺗﺘﺬﺑﺬب ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻻھﻠﯿﻠﯿﺠﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﺎول واﻟﻤﻔﻠﻄﺢ اي ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺘﻨﺎظﺮ اﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﻜﻲ‬
‫)‪ SU(3‬ﺑﺸﻜﻠﮭﺎ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﺎول وﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺘﻨﺎظﺮ اﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﻜﻲ )‪SU(3‬ﺑﺸﻜﻠﮭﺎ اﻟﻤﻔﻠﻄﺢ ﻣﺮورا ً ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﺎظﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﻜﻲ )‪ .O(6‬ﻣﻊ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ أن أﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﯿﻢ ﻟ )‪ B(M1‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺰﻣﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﺎ )‪ (-band‬ﻟﻨﻮاة‬
‫‪174‬‬ ‫‪170‬‬
‫‪ 68 Er102 , 182‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﯿﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﯿﻢ )‪ B(M1‬ﻟﻨﻮاة ‪ 72 Hf102‬أﻗﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻤﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪74W108‬‬

‫‪63‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻟﺔ و اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎطﯿﺴﯿﺔ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﯿﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ ﻟﻠﻨﻮى ﺷﺪﯾﺪة اﻟﺘﺸﻮه ذات اﻟﺘﻨﺎظﺮ اﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﻜﻲ‬
‫)‪SU(3‬‬
‫اﯾﻤﺎن و ﻋﻄﺎء‬

‫‪0.07‬‬ ‫‪170‬‬
‫)‪Er(pw‬‬
‫‪0.06‬‬ ‫‪g-band‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫)‪B(M1) (µN‬‬
‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫)‪Er(pw‬‬

‫‪0.04‬‬
‫‪0.03‬‬
‫‪0.02‬‬
‫‪0.01‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬

‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪L-2‬‬

‫‪8.00E-03‬‬
‫‪174‬‬
‫)‪Hf(pw‬‬ ‫‪g-band‬‬
‫‪6.00E-03‬‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫)‪Hf(pw‬‬
‫)‪B(M1) (µN‬‬

‫‪4.00E-03‬‬

‫‪2.00E-03‬‬

‫‪0.00E+00‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪L-2‬‬

‫‪4.00E-03‬‬
‫‪182‬‬
‫)‪W(pw‬‬
‫‪g-band‬‬
‫‪3.00E-03‬‬ ‫)‪W(pw‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫)‪B(M1) (µN‬‬

‫‪2.00E-03‬‬

‫‪1.00E-03‬‬

‫‪0.00E+00‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪L-2‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :١-‬اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎطﯿﺴﯿﺔ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﯿﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ )‪ B(M1‬ﻛﺪاﻟﺔ ﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮ اﻟﺰﺧﻢ اﻟﺰاوي ﻟﻠﺤﺰم‬
‫اﻻرﺿﯿﺔ ﻟﻼﻧﻮﯾﺔ )‪.Er(A=170),Hf(A=174),W(A=182‬‬

‫‪64‬‬
٢٠١٠ ،١ ‫ اﻟﻌﺪد‬،٢١‫اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮﯾﺔ‬

3.00E-03
170
Er(pw) β - band
2.50E-03
Er(pw)

2
B(M1) (µN)
2.00E-03

1.50E-03

1.00E-03

5.00E-04

0.00E+00
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
L L-2

4.00E-04
174
Hf(pw) β1 -band
3.00E-04 Hf(pw)
2
B(M1) (µN )

2.00E-04

1.00E-04

0.00E+00
0 2 4 6 8 10 12

L L-2

4.00E-04
174
Hf(pw) β2 - band
3.00E-04 Hf(pw)
2
B(M1) (µN)

2.00E-04

1.00E-04

0.00E+00
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
L L-2

1.20E-04
182
W(pw) β - band
1.00E-04
W(pw)
2
B(M1) (µN)

8.00E-05

6.00E-05

4.00E-05

2.00E-05

0.00E+00
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
L L-2
‫ ﻛﺪاﻟﺔ ﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮ اﻟﺰﺧﻢ اﻟﺰاوي ﻟﻠﺤﺰم ﺑﯿﺘﺎ‬B(M1) ‫ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎطﯿﺴﯿﺔ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﯿﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ‬:٢- ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
.Er(A=170),Hf(A=174),W(A=182) ‫ﻟﻼﻧﻮﯾﺔ‬

65
 ‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺰﻟﺔ و اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎطﯿﺴﯿﺔ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﯿﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ ﻟﻠﻨﻮى ﺷﺪﯾﺪة اﻟﺘﺸﻮه ذات اﻟﺘﻨﺎظﺮ اﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﻜﻲ‬
‫)‪SU(3‬‬
‫اﯾﻤﺎن و ﻋﻄﺎء‬

‫‪3.50E-02‬‬
‫‪3.00E-02‬‬
‫‪γ-band‬‬
‫)‪Er(pw‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2.50E-02‬‬

‫)‪B(M1) (µN‬‬
‫‪170‬‬
‫‪2.00E-02‬‬
‫)‪Er(pw‬‬
‫‪1.50E-02‬‬
‫‪1.00E-02‬‬
‫‪5.00E-03‬‬
‫‪0.00E+00‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪L-1‬‬

‫‪9.00E-04‬‬
‫‪8.00E-04‬‬ ‫‪γ - band‬‬
‫‪7.00E-04‬‬ ‫)‪Hf(pw‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫)‪B(M1) (µN‬‬

‫‪6.00E-04‬‬
‫‪174‬‬
‫‪5.00E-04‬‬ ‫)‪Hf(pw‬‬
‫‪4.00E-04‬‬
‫‪3.00E-04‬‬
‫‪2.00E-04‬‬
‫‪1.00E-04‬‬
‫‪0.00E+00‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪L-1‬‬

‫‪1.80E-02‬‬
‫‪1.60E-02‬‬ ‫‪γ - band‬‬
‫‪1.40E-02‬‬ ‫)‪W(pw‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫)‪B(M1) (µN‬‬

‫‪1.20E-02‬‬
‫‪1.00E-02‬‬
‫‪8.00E-03‬‬
‫‪6.00E-03‬‬
‫‪4.00E-03‬‬
‫‪2.00E-03‬‬
‫‪0.00E+00‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪L-1‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :٣-‬اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎطﯿﺴﯿﺔ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﯿﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ )‪ B(M1‬ﻛﺪاﻟﺔ ﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮ اﻟﺰﺧﻢ اﻟﺰاوي ﻟﻠﺤﺰم‬
‫ﻛﺎﻣﺎ ﻟﻼﻧﻮﯾﺔ )‪.Er(A=170),Hf(A=174),W(A=182‬‬

‫‪66‬‬
٢٠١٠ ،١ ‫ اﻟﻌﺪد‬،٢١‫اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮﯾﺔ‬

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