Problems of poultry industry in Pakistan

The poultry industry in Pakistan faces several challenges, including:

1. Disease Outbreaks: Disease outbreaks, such as avian influenza, Newcastle

disease, and infectious bursal disease, pose significant threats to the poultry
industry. These outbreaks can lead to substantial economic losses and
require strict biosecurity measures and vaccination programs to control and
prevent the spread of diseases.
2. Lack of Biosecurity Measures: The implementation of biosecurity
measures is often inadequate in many poultry farms in Pakistan. Insufficient
biosecurity practices increase the risk of disease transmission, resulting in
higher mortality rates and reduced productivity.
3. Feed Quality and Availability: The availability and quality of poultry feed
can be a significant challenge. The high cost of feed ingredients, fluctuations
in commodity prices, and limited access to high-quality, affordable feed can
negatively impact poultry production and profitability.
4. Inconsistent Supply Chain: The poultry industry in Pakistan often faces
issues with an inconsistent supply chain. This includes challenges in
obtaining quality day-old chicks, vaccines, medicines, and other necessary
inputs. These disruptions can affect production schedules and overall
profitability.
5. Lack of Modern Farming Practices: Many poultry farms in Pakistan still
operate with traditional and outdated farming practices. The absence of
modern technology, equipment, and efficient production systems hampers
productivity, efficiency, and overall competitiveness.
6. Price Fluctuations: Price fluctuations in the poultry market can
significantly impact profitability for both small-scale and large-scale poultry
farmers. Factors such as seasonality, market demand and supply dynamics,
and input costs can lead to unpredictable price fluctuations, making it
challenging for farmers to plan and sustain their operations.
7. Lack of Technical Expertise and Training: Limited access to technical
expertise and training programs is another issue faced by the poultry
industry in Pakistan. The lack of knowledge and skills among farmers in
 areas such as flock management, disease control, and biosecurity practices
can hinder the industry's growth and sustainability.
8. Regulatory Issues: Inadequate regulatory frameworks and weak
enforcement of standards in the poultry industry can create challenges.
Issues such as unregulated use of antibiotics, counterfeit or substandard
vaccines and medicines, and non-compliance with food safety regulations
can have detrimental effects on poultry health and consumer confidence.

Taxonomic classifications of poultry:

Poultry refers to domesticated birds that are raised primarily for their meat and
eggs. The taxonomic classifications of poultry are as follows:

Kingdom: Animalia (animals)

Phylum: Chordata (chordates)

Class: Aves (birds)

Order: Galliformes (gallinaceous birds)

Family: Phasianidae (pheasants, partridges, and relatives)

Within the family Phasianidae, there are various subfamilies, tribes, and genera
that include different species of poultry. Some of the commonly known poultry
species and their taxonomic classifications are:

1. Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus)

o Subfamily: Phasianinae
o Tribe: Gallini
o Genus: Gallus
2. Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo)
o Subfamily: Meleagridinae
o Tribe: Meleagridini
o Genus: Meleagris
3. Duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
o Subfamily: Anatinae
o Tribe: Anatini
o Genus: Anas
4. Goose (Anser anser)
o Subfamily: Anserinae
o Tribe: Anserini
o Genus: Anser
5. Quail (Coturnix coturnix)
o Subfamily: Phasianinae
o Tribe: Coturnicini
o Genus: Coturnix