KISII,KENYA,

Tel {+254786083977/+254704082986}:Sir.Midega Felix[CLASS REP ICTT S23 L5]

{WWW.KISIIPOLY.AC.KE}

Mr.Otieno Isaiah[ICTT S23 L5 NETWORKING TRAINER]

NETWORKING GROUP 1
PAGE 1 NETWORK TOPOLOGY

➢ This is a way of connecting two devices(computers,mobile devices,router) through a

common medium.
➢ The medium can be wired cables or a wireless satellite.

Fig1:point to point topology

➢ It can be further classified into:
▪ Simplex
▪ Half-duplex
▪ Full duplex

➢ Low latency {Delay in network communication}.

➢ High speed connection.
➢ High bandwidth.
PAGE 2 NETWORK TOPOLOGY

➢ Low cost {installation}.

➢ High speed connection.
➢ Troubleshooting is easy.
➢ Easy replacement of nodes.
➢ Simple connectivity.

➢ Network performance depends on a single link.

➢ It cannot be expanded to serve a large area.
➢ It relies on one server such that when the server is down,it affects the whole network.
➢ Applicable only when the two devices are close to each other,i.e;printer

➢ It is a type of network topology in which all devices are connected to a single cable called
a bus
➢ Devices are connected to a single cable.
➢ The cable acts as a communication medium allowing all devices on the network to receive
the same signal at the same time.
➢ Each device has a connector to allow it to tap into the main cable.

Fig2:Bus topology
PAGE 3 NETWORK TOPOLOGY

➢ Data is sent to all devices on the same network.

➢ Devices share resources in relation to communication.
➢ A device either sends or receives data.They cannot do both at the same time.
➢ The end of a bus line has to be terminated to prevent signal reflection which can in turn
cause communication degradation and risk data collision.

➢ Works efficiently with small networks.

➢ The length of the cable required is less.
➢ Easy to connect and remove devices without affecting other devices on the network.
➢ It is very cost effective ass compared to mesh topology.

➢ It is not efficient for a large network.

➢ Problem identification becomes difficult if the whole network shuts down.
➢ Troubleshooting device issues becomes difficult.
➢ Terminators are required on both ends of the main cable.
➢ Additional devices slow the network down.
➢ In case there is a problem with the main cable,this will affect the entire network.
➢ It is slow as compared to other topologies.

➢ This is a type of network topology

where devices are connected in a
continuous pathway forming a loop.
➢ Each device is connected to two other
devices using a coaxial or RJ-45 cable
creating a continuous loop to facilitate
data transmission.

Fig3:Ring topology
PAGE 4 NETWORK TOPOLOGY

Fig4:Coaxial cable img.1 Fig5:Coaxial cable img.2

Fig6:Coaxial cable img.3 Fig7:RJ-45 img.1

Fig8:RJ-45 img.2 Fig9:RJ-45 img.3

PAGE 5 NETWORK TOPOLOGY

➢ It uses the concept of token passing hence controlling the flow of data by ensuring only
one device is transmitting at a time.
➢ Devices are connected to two other devices creating a loop.
➢ Data flows in a unidirectional manner hence reducing risk of packet collision.

➢ Data flows in one direction reducing a chance of packet collisions.

➢ Additional devices can be connected without impacting the network performance.
➢ Devices have equal access to resources.
➢ A server is not needed to control connectivity among devices.
➢ Highspeed data transfer.
➢ Easy to manage.
➢ It is extremely organized in the sense that every device has access to the token.

➢ Because of the ring,a token has to pass through all the nodes.
➢ If one device shuts down,it will affect the whole network.
➢ It is slow as compared to bus topology.
➢ It is expensive to install and maintain.
➢ Addition or removal of a device on the network may affect the entire network.
➢ It becomes difficult to troubleshoot a problem in the ring.
➢ For effective communication in the ring,all devices must be turned on.
PAGE 6 NETWORK TOPOLOGY

➢ This is a network setup where each device is connected to another hence allowing
transmission of data to be made.
➢ Even if one of the devices go down,the network will not be affected.Each device relays
data to and from other devices.
➢ Mesh topology can be further divided into two:
➢ Fully connected mesh topology
➢ Partially connected mesh topology

➢ Devices within the network are interconnected to

each other.This means that if the number of devices
connected to the network is n, each device will have
N-1 number of connections.
➢ Since it is expensive to implement,it is reserved for
network backbones.The total number of links
required in mesh topology is [n(-1)]/2.

➢ This type of mesh topology is more practical as compared

to the full mesh topology.In partial mesh topology,Devices
are not necessarily connected to one another.

➢ Highspeed communication between devices.

➢ A problem can be diagnosed easily.

➢ If a single device fails to work,the entire network will not be affected.

➢ There is no traffic problem.
PAGE 7 NETWORK TOPOLOGY

➢ It provides multiple parts for connection.

➢ It provides high privacy and security.
➢ Classification of data is more consistent.
➢ Adding a new device will not affect data transmission.
➢ It does not have a centralized authority.

➢ It is expensive as compared to other network topologies.

➢ Installation is difficult.
➢ It requires high amount of power.
➢ Maintenance of the mesh is challenging.