Republic of the Philippines

BAC O LO D C ITY C O LLE G E

Taculing Road, Bacolod City, 6100,
Email:a.bacolodcitycollege@yahoo.com
Taculing Campus, (034)707-7469, Sum-ag Campus,(034) 704-5843,
Fortune Towne Campus,(034) 704-5844 Tel #: (034) 707-7469

Teacher Education Department

First Semester /S.Y. 2020-2021
COURSE SYLLABUS
(Eight Module)
Week 9
COURSE CODE: GE 3 (CONTEMPORARY WORLD)
TOPIC: GLOBALIZATION OF RELIGION

I. INTRODUCTION:

Globalization denotes the historical development by which all the world’s people gradually came
to live in a social unit.

II. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the course the students should be able to:

1. Identify the relationship of religion from globalization.

2. Discover the effects of religion in the world and the community.
3. Know the significance of globalization of religion.

III. CONTENT

1. What is the relation of religion to globalization?

There is the way in which globalization flattens out cultural differences, erodes local customs
and beliefs, and spreads a secular, capitalist way of life. Religion serves as the source of globalization’s
greatest resistance and as a haven for those standing in opposition to its common yet often subtle
power. While opposition is an important aspect of the relationship between religion and globalization,
to see them in their conflicting interactions, not only in the past but even in the postmodern world as
well. (Ariola, pp.55)
But religion and globalization can also be seen as partners in historical change. In the past,
religion, in various manifestations, has been a carrier of globalizing tendencies in the world. The history
of Christianity, can be seen in part as an early effort to create a global network of believers.
Globalization also provides fertile ground for a variety of religious manifestations that are not
institutionalized and for the development of religion as a political and cultural resource. It succeeded as
a globalizing force long before there was a phenomenon called”globalization”.
2. Secularization, the Apocalypse of Religion
Secularization in sociological meaning of the term, involves the historical process in which
religion loses social and cultural significance.

Social theorists such as Karl Marx, Sigmund Freud, Max Weber and Emile Durkheim postulated
that the modernization of society would include a decline in levels of religiousity. Some theorist argue
that the secularization of modern civilization partly results from people’s inability to adapt broad ethical
and spiritual needs of mankind to the increasingly fast advance of the physical science.

In 18th Century, the emergence of philosophy advocating the use of reason rather than relying
on the supernatural and religious order began, together with similar development in other fields, gave
birth to the Age of Enlightenment.

However, many of the religious academicians rises who would argue that religion would still
endure despite the odds that is Globalization. Peter L. Berger three religious responses to globalization.

a) Resurgence of religion in the global society.

Religion endures and persists – it is not a dying institution as some would believe. He
recognizes that although secularization movements are active in some parts of the world, other areas
are not as influenced by the movement. Religious communities and institutions have developed an
adaptive strategy which involves the modification of modern ideas and values in light of their own ideas
and beliefs.

b) Emergence of Religious Fundamentalism

Religious fundamental movements are regarded with three essential factors. First, it is
strongly founded on religious ideology, philosophy, goals, and leadership is grounded on religious beliefs
and practices. Second, fundamentalism serves as a stronghold against the invasive cultural dramatic
changes brought about by globalization. And lastly, it (fundamentalism) is a self-protective mechanism
which seeks to preserve or re-establish former social order and return to the traditional sources of
religious authority.

c) New roles and identities of Religion

In the field of international politics, religion has been regarded as a new source of clash
between and among people with different and even similar beliefs. Some political movements rely
heavily on their religion, they use their religious ideologies to seek control and legitimize their political
interest, which are non-religious in nature. They weaponize religion, recruit members and use them to
integrate and spread terror among nations and instill fears of many.
In contrast, religious institutions have several occasions establish peace amonf countries
at war in the modern secularized world. Interdominational dialogue is another manifestation religious
reconciliation. The Vatican for one has succeesfully mediated conflicts in countries of North America
between Protestants and Catholic clergies.
Religion in this globalized arena therefore cannot be considered as a passive, apathetic
by-stander patiently awaiting it demise. It actively influences how far and how deep globalization
infiltrates cultures and societies in the global sphere. And throughout the process it too gets influenced
and experience change as it adopts the unescapable phenomenon called globalization. (Mendoza, et al. pp.
66)

III. EVALUATION. Discuss the following items.

a). Is Religion a threat to Globalization?
b). Religion and Religions as Globalizing System

IV. REFERENCES:

1. Manfred Stegger, Paul Battersby, and Joseph M. Siracusa, eds. 2014. The SAGE
Handbook of Globalization. Two vols. Thousand Oaks: SAGE.
4. Ariola, Dr. Mariano M. The Contemporary World. 2018. Unlimited Books Pub. Inc.
Intramuros, Manila, Phl.
2. Aldama, Prince K.R. The Contemporary World. 1st Edition. 2018. Rex Book Store
Inc., Manila, Phil.
3. Bello, Walden F. “The Multiple Crises of Global Capitalism”. In Deglobalization:
Ideas for a New World Economy. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University
Press, 2006.
4. Lobo,Ambida, Maliban, Mesinas. The Contemporary World. 2019. Books Atpb.
Publishing Corp. Mandaluyong City. Phl.
5. Mendoza, Cheryl, Tabajen, Rhene C., Tomas, Era Anjelika U., and Austria,
Reginald B. WorkText in The Contemporary World. Neime Publishing House Co.
Ltd. Cubao, Quezon City. 2019
 Republic of the
Philippines
BAC O LO D C I
TY C O LLE G E
Taculing Road, Bacolod City, 6100, Email:a.bacolodcitycollege@yahoo.com
Taculing Campus, (034)707-7469, Sum-ag Campus,(034) 704-5843,
Fortune Towne Campus,(034) 704-5844 Tel #: (034) 707-7469

Teacher Education Department

First Semester /S.Y. 2020-2021
COURSE SYLLABUS
(9th Module)
Week 10
COURSE CODE: GE 3 (CONTEMPORARY WORLD)
TOPIC: GLOBAL CITY

I. INTRODUCTION:

It is often said that the world is turning into a “global village.” In reality more than half of the
world’s population lives in cities (although some are under poor conditions). But the modern city is the
primary manifestations of globalization today, and its very essence is a global network of
multidimensional spaces of congestions that both describes and shapes it. These cities have played a
crucial role throughout the whole process as centers of exchange and as focal points of development.

II. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:
1. Identify the attributes of a global city.
2. Analyze how cities serve as engines of globalization.

III. CONTENT

The term “global city” was popularized by sociologist Saskia Sassen in her 1991 work, “The
Global City” (New York, London, Tokyo). More recently the term has focused on a city’s financial power
and higher technology in infrastructures, with other factors becoming less relevant.

Global city, an urban center that enjoys significant competitive advantages and that serves as a
hub within globalized economic system.

What is the characteristics and attributes of global city?

The existence of financial headquarters, a stock exchange and major financial institutions.
Dominations of trade and economy of a large surrounding area. Major manufacturing centers with ports
and container facilities. Considerable decision-making power on a daily basis and a global level.
Saskia Sassen considers economics as a major determining factor of a global city as this primarily
becomes the most appealing feature that attracts people from all walks of life.

1. Global cities now become melting pots of international culture and cuisines. Establishments are
offerings foreign and local products and become a familiar scene for a vast majority.

2. Global cities are also has the greatest number of business infrastructures housing international
organizations, and business alike.

3. Global cities become seats of power where political, economic, cultural and religious engagements
are overseen.

4. Global cities are also the centers of innovation and higher learning. Global cities boasts having the
world’s top universities (like Boston’s Harvard University and Cambridge University in England).

What are the challenges that comes with the rise of global cities?

1. The significant rise in the city population as people flock towards cities trying their luck to improve
their financial status. However, not all who migrate to cities are rewarded for many end up contributing
to the slum populace.

2. Globalization creates a rush of high paying jobs within global cities creating a chain reaction
demanding low income employment to attend to their growing needs. These low income jobs comprise
of domestic helpers, maids, cooks, food attendants. Thus, implying that flocking to global cities does
necessarily mean a good life for everyone.

3. Due to significant rise in the population, several issues spring out which leads to food and water
shortage. Many people still go hungry as food is unevenly distributed all over the world bringing into
questions of global food security.

4. The problem about climate change and rising temperatures. Cities are considered as the greatest
contributor of greenhouse gas emissions and climate change affects more people than others for some
are more equipped to handle the effects of climate change.

What are the importance of global city?

A global city has wealth, power and influence to other countries as well as host the largest
capital markets.

What is the role of global cities to globalization?

Global cities are and always have been both products and producers of globalization. They play
an important role in shaping a global economy, culture and society, but they are also shaped by it. They
are the places where countervailing forces match and local reactions to globalization become especially
visible.

What are the engines of globalization?

 The two key engines of globalization are the technology revolution and politico-economic
liberalization.

IV. EVALUATION

Discuss the following items.

1. What are the challenges these cities are facing?

2. What do you think is the impact of urbanization and the rise of global cities on agricultural
sectors?

V. REFERENCES:

1. Manfred Stegger, Paul Battersby, and Joseph M. Siracusa, eds. 2014. The SAGE
Handbook of Globalization. Two vols. Thousand Oaks: SAGE.
2. Ariola, Dr. Mariano M. The Contemporary World. 2018. Unlimited Books Pub. Inc.
Intramuros, Manila, Phl.
3. Aldama, Prince K.R. The Contemporary World. 1st Edition. 2018. Rex Book Store
Inc., Manila, Phil.
4. Bello, Walden F. “The Multiple Crises of Global Capitalism”. In Deglobalization:
Ideas for a New World Economy. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University
Press, 2006.
5. Lobo,Ambida, Maliban, Mesinas. The Contemporary World. 2019. Books Atpb.
Publishing Corp. Mandaluyong City. Phl.
6. Mendoza, Cheryl, Tabajen, Rhene C., Tomas, Era Anjelika U., and Austria,
Reginald B. WorkText in The Contemporary World. Neime Publishing House Co.
Ltd. Cubao, Quezon City. 2019
 Republic of the
Philippines
BAC O LO D C I
TY C O LLE G E
Taculing Road, Bacolod City, 6100,
Email:a.bacolodcitycollege@yahoo.com
Taculing Campus, (034)707-7469, Sum-ag Campus,(034) 704-5843,
Fortune Towne Campus,(034) 704-5844 Tel #: (034) 707-7469

Teacher Education Department

First Semester /S.Y. 2020-2021
COURSE SYLLABUS
(10th Module)
Week 11
COURSE CODE: GE 3 (CONTEMPORARY WORLD)
TOPIC: GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY AND POPULATION

I. INTRODUCTION:

Demography is the study of human population – their size, composition and distribution across
space – and the process through which populations change. Births, deaths and migration are the big
‘three’ of demography, jointly producing population stability or change.

II. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:
1. Explain the demographic transition as it affects global population.

III. CONTENT

What is Demography and why is it important?

Demography is the branch of social sciences concerned with the study of human populations,
their structure and change (through births, deaths and migration) and their relationship with the natural
environment and with social and economic change.

What are the types of Demography?

There are three main demographic processes: birth, migration, and aging (including death). All
three of these processes contribute to changes in populations, including how people inhabit the earth,
form nations and societies and develop cultures

What is the purpose of Demography?

 Demography is the study of demographics, the social characteristics and statistics of human
population. This study of the size, age structures and economics of different populations can be used for
a variety of purposes. Political candidates ase the information to inform targeted campaigns.

What are the elements of Demography?

Five generic aspects of demography: a) population size, b) geographical distribution, c)

composition, d) components of change (birth, deaths and migration), and e) determinants of change
are discussed.

What is population and demography?

A population is defined as a group of individuals of the same species living and interbreeding
within a given area. Demography is the study of the characteristics of populations. It provide
mathematical description of how those characteristics change over time.

How does population growth help the economy?

The relationship between economic growth and population growth, if the population growth
and per capita GDP growth are completely independent, higher population growth rates would clearly
lead to higher economic growth rates.

What are the advantages of increasing population?

A growing population can generate economic growth. The birth of more people means there will
be a greater number of parents investing in their youth. Increased purchases in products such as food,
clothing, education-related expenses, sporting goods and toys feed the economy.

What are the disadvantages of increasing population?

Population affects the environment through the use of natural resources and production of
waste. These leads to loss of biodiversity, air and water pollution and increased pressure on land.
Excessive deforestation and overgrazing by the growing population has led to land degradation.

Demography is the branch of social sciences concerned with the study of human population. From
the beginning of human existence, estimated from perhaps one million years ago until the modern
times, the number of births and deaths balanced each other over the centuries (Diamond 2005). The
large population we see now results from population evolution that consisted of three phases:

⮚ Humans, because of their thinking ability, competed satisfactorily in the animal kingdom to
obtain the basic necessities for survival of the species.
⮚ With the agricultural revolution that occurred about 10,000 years ago and the resulting food
surplus, mortality rates declined and the population grew as more infants survived and people
lived longer.
⮚ The biggest increase came with the industrial revolution, beginning about 300 years ago.
Improved medical knowledge and sanitation helped bring the death rate down.
 The population explosion began with industrialization in Europe and spread to widely scattered
areas of the globe (migration). With trade and migrations came the diffusion of ideas and better medical
care, influencing population growth rates in all parts of the world by keeping people alive longer.

Why do we have to understand global demography?

Differences in demographic trends across countries can be expected to influence current
account balances and exchange rates. So to understand the global economy, it helps to understand
changing demographics and the challenges they pose for monetary and fiscal policy makers.

How does demography affect the economy?

Demographic changes can affect GDP (Gross Domestic Products) growth through several
channels: First, lower growth in population directly implies reduced labor input. Second, lower
population growth has an indirect potentially negative impact on individual labor supply in so far as it
leads to higher tax rates which reduce the incentive to work.

How does globalization affect demography?

Demographics is the study of population based on factors such as age, race, and sex.
Governments, corporations and non-government organizations use demographics to learn more about a
population’s characteristics for many purposes, including policy development and economic market
research.

What is Malthus Theory of Population?

Malthus’s Theory of Population
In his “Essay on the Principle pf Population” (1798-1926), Malthus argued that humans are
driven to reproduce and will multiply without limits if no checks are imposed. An unchecked population
increases geometrically: 2 parents could have 4 children, 16 grandchildren, 64 great-grandchildren, and
so forth- and that is simply with a continuous average family size of 4. Malthus recognized several
POSITIVE CHECKS on populations, factors that would keep populations from excessive growth, including
wars, diseases, and epidemics, and food shortages leading to famine (a wide-reaching shortage of food).
Malthus held strong political views based in part on his population theory. He suggested
preventive checks on rapid population growth, primarily in the form of delayed marriage and practice of
sexual abstinence until one could afford a family. Contraception technology was crude and unrealistic in
his day, and therefore, he did not present it as an option for population control.

Global Demographic Issues today

They become problems because they are outright consequence of globalization and
uncontrolled economic growth and decline.

1. Uneven population growth worldwide.

Because of the lack of population growth control mechanisms, education and freedom to decide
for themselves, some developing countries’ population like Niger and Tanzania tend to grow at an
alarming rate. Many of developing countries in Asia rely on agriculture, as the major driving force of the
economy thus having more number of children is necessary to maintain farm operation. On the
contrary, residents of high income and developed countries tend to limit their children to one or two.
Policy makers all throughout the world tend to put forward solutions like one child policy, legalization of
abortion and other sterilization process to restrain population, differences in belief and cultural
practices make it impossible to come up with a single answer.

2. Demographic pressures on environment

Demographers and researches alike agree in saying that the existing and still growing number of
people in the world surpasses the maximum number of inhabitants that the planet can actually sustain.
People need resources in order to survive. Resources that only nature and environment could provide.
However, nature has its limits and over exploiting it can have catastrophic consequences. With
substantial use of fertilizers and other detrimental chemicals with the goal of increasing food
production, land and water resources becomes polluted giving rise to a great number of global concerns.
Nature is unable to heal herself because of the relentless desire of man to satisfy his needs and wants.

3. Slum Urbanization

What happens when people move into cities and they don’t find jobs to support themselves,
they become an addition the people living in slum areas. These shantytown are common sight in areas
like Manila, and places in India.

4. Spread of Diseases

Generation and spread of Diseases and other terminal illnesses, like HIV/AIDS , also hasten
keeping pace with globalization. However, international aids and programs have been organized in
order to extend help and contain the further circulate and create an epidemic.

IV. EVALUATION

Discuss the following items

1. “The Population increases the value of life decreases.”

2. What is the advantages and the disadvantages of increasing the population?

V. REFERENCES

1. Manfred Stegger, Paul Battersby, and Joseph M. Siracusa, eds. 2014. The SAGE
Handbook of Globalization. Two vols. Thousand Oaks: SAGE.
2. Ariola, Dr. Mariano M. The Contemporary World. 2018. Unlimited Books Pub. Inc.
Intramuros, Manila, Phl.
3. Aldama, Prince K.R. The Contemporary World. 1st Edition. 2018. Rex Book Store
Inc., Manila, Phil.
4. Bello, Walden F. “The Multiple Crises of Global Capitalism”. In Deglobalization:
Ideas for a New World Economy. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University
Press, 2006.
5. Lobo,Ambida, Maliban, Mesinas. The Contemporary World. 2019. Books Atpb.
Publishing Corp. Mandaluyong City. Phl.
6. Mendoza, Cheryl, Tabajen, Rhene C., Tomas, Era Anjelika U., and Austria,
Reginald B. WorkText in The Contemporary World. Neime Publishing House Co.
Ltd. Cubao, Quezon City. 2019