Biology

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 ≅ΚΚ∆Μ Biology 1

1 MARK QUESTIONS
1. Which structure is at a different level of organisation 8. A very large area of land has been cleared of
from the other three? rainforest and planted with soybean. What result
(1) kidney (2) liver of deforestation will encourage the growth of the
(3) neurone (4) testis soybean plants?
2. Which diagram shows one organ only? (1) decrease in atmospheric oxygen
(2) decrease in rainfall
(3) increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide
(4) increase in soil erosion
(1) (2) 9. What are the appropriate units for measuring
diameters of alveoli, diameters of white blood cells
and the width of cell walls?
diameters diameters width of
of alveoli of white cell
blood walls
(3) (4) cells
(1) mm λm λm
(2) λm mm λm
3. Which features are characteristic of all arthropods? (3) λm λm nm
(1) jointed legs and segmented body (4) mm mm nm
(2) jointed legs and thorax
10. Cells which do not have nucleoli die because they
(3) segmented body and wings
do not have
(4) thorax and wings
(1) centrioles and cannot divide.
4. Which condition can sometimes be prevented by
(2) mitochondria and cannot release energy.
eating plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables?
(1) bleeding gums (2) brittle bones (3) DNA and cannot transcribe into mRNA.
(3) diabetes (4) soft bones (4) ribosomes and cannot synthesise protein.
5. The table shows some of the features of respiration. 11. Which statement about the fluid mosaic model of
Which row is correct for anaerobic respiration? membrane structure is correct?
(1) The less unsaturated fatty acid tails of the
energy amount of releases
chemical phospholipid, the more fluid the membrane.
remaining energy carbon
pathway (2) The more unsaturated fatty acid tails of the
in products released dioxide
phospholipid, the more fluid in the membrane.
always
(1) high high sometimes (3) The higher the temperature, the less fluid the
the same
different in membrane.
(2) high low different sometimes (4) The lower the temperature, the more fluid the
organisms membrane.
different in 12. Different substances, such as sucrose and amino
(3) low high different always acids, can move in different directions in the phloem
organisms sieve tubes. Which statement explains this?
always the
always (1) Active transport occurs in some phloem sieve
(4) low low same
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tubes and mass flow in other phloem sieve tubes.

6. What percentage of the gas in the balloon (inflated (2) Both active transport and mass flow occur in
by a boy) is carbon dioxide? each individual phloem sieve tube.
(1) 0.04 % (2) 0.4 % (3) 4.0 % (4) 40 % (3) Mass flow occurs in both directions at once in
7. Which organ produces urea? each individual phloem sieve tube.
(1) bladder (2) kidney (4) Mass flow occurs in different directions in
(3) liver (4) pancreas different phloem sieve tubes at the same time.

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13. Which component of cigarette smoke makes blood 19. Which route does an unfertilised human egg follow
platelets more sticky and therefore increases the through the female reproductive system after being
risk of blood clot formation? released from the ovary?
(1) carbon monoxide (1) oviduct ↑ uterus ↑ vagina
(2) oviduct ↑ vagina ↑ uterus
(2) carcinogens
(3) uterus ↑ oviduct ↑ vagina
(3) nicotine (4) uterus ↑ vagina ↑ oviduct
(4) tar 20. Which defines the development of an organism?
14. How are the diseases cholera, malaria and HIV / (1) increase in age
AIDS transmitted? (2) increase in complexity
(3) increase in dry mass
cholera malaria HIV/AIDS (4) increase in height or length
(1) air body fluid insect 21. A couple have two daughters and then three sons.
(2) body fluid water air They are expecting another child. What is the chance
(3) insect air water of this child being a boy?
(4) water insect body fluid (1) 0 % (2) 25 % (3) 50 % (4) 75 %
15. At which stage of a food chain of tropical grassland 22. Which pair of organelles has internal membranes?
is the energy transfer least efficient? (1) chloroplasts and mitochondria
(2) chloroplasts and nuclei
(3) mitochondria and ribosomes
A B primary C secondary
sun producer consumer (4) nuclei and ribosomes
consumer
23. The movement of water through xylem vessels is
affected by external factors. A decrease in which
external factor would result in an increase in water
movement?
D
(1) atmospheric humidity
decomposer (2) external temperature
(3) light intensity
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (4) wind velocity
24. Why is aerobic respiration of a molecule of glucose
16. Which part of a plant cell contains cellulose?
considered more efficient than anaerobic
(1) cell wall (2) chloroplast respiration?
(3) cytoplasm (4) vacuole (1) More ATP is produced.
17. What causes oxygen to diffuse into the blood from (2) More carbon dioxide is produced.
an alveolus (air sac) in the lungs? (3) More water is produced.
(4) More oxygen is used.
(1) The oxygen concentration in the alveolus is
25. Which statement explains why two species cannot
higher than in the atmosphere.
permanently occupy the same ecological niche?
(2) The oxygen concentration in the alveolus is (1) The two species could not interbreed.
lower than in the blood. (2) The two species may be part of separate food
(3) The oxygen concentration in the atmosphere webs.
is higher than the carbon dioxide concentration. (3) The two species would compete for the same
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(4) The oxygen concentration in the blood is lower resources.

than in the alveolus. (4) The two species would have different nutritional
requirements.
18. What is lacking in the diet of someone with anaemia
26. What is the theoretical number of chemically
(haemoglobin deficiency)?
different dipeptides that may be assembled from
(1) calcium (2) iron 12 different types of amino acids?
(3) vitamin C (4) vitamin D (1) 24 (2) 72
(3) 144 (4) 400

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 ≅ΚΚ∆Μ Biology 3
27. Which process is the movement of molecules that 32. Which group could be a single population?
are too large to diffuse in through a cell surface
(1) all the animals and plants on an isolated island
membrane?
(1) active transport (2) all the birds counted in one day in a garden

(2) endocytosis (3) all the bacteria in a colony of Bacillus subtilis

(3) facilitated diffusion (4) all the insects occupying three hectares of
(4) osmosis farmland
28. Which statement describes events during interphase 33. What is the role of decomposers in the nitrogen
of mitosis? cycle?
(1) Chromosomes are replicated ready for the next (1) They co nvert proteins t o ammonium
division. compounds.
(2) Chromosomes line up on the equator of the (2) They fix atmospheric nitrogen.
spindle.
(3) They oxidise ammonium compounds to nitrites.
(3) Chromatids are pulled apart by spindle fibres.
(4) They oxidise nitrites to nitrates.
(4) Chromosomes start to coil, becoming shorter
and fatter. 34. Within an ecosystem, the top consumers in a food
chain are few in number. Which statement explains
29. The diagram shows part of a DNA molecule.
this?
(1) Energy losses occur at each trophic level.
(2) Energy losses occur within the consumers'
digestive systems.
(3) Top consumers have a low reproductive rate.
(4) Top consumers are large in size.
35. A lysosome measures 0.4 λm in diameter. What is
the diameter in nm?
Which letters indicate cytosine, deoxyribose,
(1) 4 nm (2) 40 nm
phosphate and thymine?
(3) 400 nm (4) 4000 nm
deoxy-
cytosine phosphate thymine 36. What describes resolution in microscopy?
ribose
(1) W X Y Z (1) the ability to distinguish between two objects
(2) Y X W Z that are very close together

(3) Z w X Y (2) the clarity of the image formed by the

microscope
(4) Y z X W
(3) the number of times the image has been
30. What is systolic blood pressure?
magnified by the objective lens
(1) the maximum blood pressure in the arteries
(4) the power of the microscope to focus on very
(2) the blood pressure in the left ventricle at the
small objects
end of a contraction
37. What is a function of the smooth endoplasmic
(3) the maximum blood pressure in the right
reticulum?
ventricle
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(1) aerobic respiration (2) intracellular digestion

(4) the blood pressure in the arteries when the heart
is relaxing (3) synthesis of steroids (4) transport of proteins
31. An oxygen molecule diffuses directly from the air 38. For which process is the large surface area of the
in an alveolus to haemoglobin in a red blood cristae in the mitochondria important?
cell.What is the minimum number of cell surface (1) energy radiation (2) enzyme reaction
membranes through which this molecule must pass?
(3) gaseous exchange (4) protein synthesis
(1) 2 (2) 3 (3) 4 (4) 5

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39. Which property of water minimises temperature 45. Which agricultural practice will not provide an
changes in cells and organisms? alternative to the use of ammonium nitrate as a
(1) cohesion fertiliser to increase the productivity of wheat?
(1) growing wheat and beans in the same field in
(2) heat of vaporisation
alternate years
(3) maximum density at 4°C (2) growing wheat and another cereal crop in the
(4) specific heat capacity same field in alternate years
(3) ploughing animal waste such as dung into the
40. The diagram represents stages in glucose uptake soil
through a cell surface membrane. (4) using synthetic urea as a fertiliser
46. What is the ecological definition of the term
community?
(1) all the food webs in an ecosystem
(2) all the individuals of one species in an area
(3) all the organisms in an area
(4) the living organisms and their non-living
low glucose concentration environment
Which process is shown? 47. Which adaptation would increase the efficiency of
active transport of carbohydrates from a plant cell?
(1) active transport (2) facilitated diffusion
(1) areas where the cell wall is thin
(3) osmosis (4) simple diffusion (2) increased permeability of the cell wall
41. During which process does mitosis occur? (3) large surface area of the cell surface membrane
(1) the production of antibodies from (B)- (4) selective permeability of the vacuole membrane
lymphocyte memory cells 48. Which is a feature of all prokaryotic cells?
(2) the production of cancerous tissue in alveoli (1) absence of cell surface membrane
(3) the production of mucus from goblet cells (2) division by mitosis
(4) the production of plaques in atherosclerosis (3) presence of mitochondria
(4) presence of ribosomes
42. Which type of tissue is present in the walls of all
49. The movement of water through the vascular tissue
blood vessels?
in plants relies on which property of water?
(1) elastic (2) endothelial
(1) changes in density with temperature
(3) fibrous (4) smooth muscle (2) good solvent for ions and polar molecules
43. What is the state of the valves in the mammalian (3) high specific heat capacity
heart when the pressure in the ventricles reaches (4) strong cohesive forces between molecules
its maximum? 50. The graph shows the relationship between the loss
semilunar atrioventricular of water vapour through stomata and an
valves valves environmental factor
(1) closed closed
(2) closed open
(3) op en closed
loss of
(4) op en open
water
44. What is the main function of a companion cell in vapour
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mature phloem tissue?

(1) providing cytoplasmic contact with the sieve
environmental factor
tube for loading
(2) providing structural support for the sieve tube What is the environmental factor?
element (1) air temperature
(3) providing the nucleus for cell division in the (2) atmospheric humidity
phloem (3) light intensity
(4) providing the source of assimilates for storage (4) wind velocity

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 ≅ΚΚ∆Μ Biology 5
51. What is responsible for the movement of water up 56. Which statement describes the vital capacity of a
xylem vessels in plants? human lung?
(1) active loading of water against the water (1) the additional volume of air that can be exhaled
potential gradient in the roots and osmosis in after breathing out normally
the vessels (2) the additional volume of air that can be inhaled
(2) increasing water potential at the top of xylem after breathing in normally
vessels, and osmosis in the roots (3) the volume of air inhaled and then exhaled
(3) decreasing water potential at the top of the xylem during a single tidal breath
vessels, with cohesion of water in the vessels
(4) the volume of air that can be exhaled following
(4) translocation in the leaves, with capillarity in the
a maximum inhalation
xylem vessels
57. What causes the measles vaccine to be less effective
52. A tree carries out photosynthesis and provides
in children from less economically developed
organic compounds for other organisms in a forest.
countries?
It takes carbon dioxide from and returns oxygen to
(1) Their diet does not contain enough
the atmosphere. It takes water from the soil into
carbohydrate.
its roots and its leaves lose water to the atmosphere.
Many other organisms live in the tree. Which of (2) Their diet does not contain enough protein.
these terms applies to the description of the tree? (3) They are carriers of the disease.
(1) community (2) ecosystem (4) They rapidly become reinfected.
(3) habitat (4) niche 58. What is the function of the plasma cells during an
53. Membranous sacs containing products of metabolism immune response?
are formed by the endoplasmic reticulum in cells. (1) to secrete antibodies
Where are these products used? (2) to engulf bacteria
(1) inside and outside the cell (3) to kill cells infected with viruses
(2) inside lysosomes only (4) to change into memory cells
(3) inside the cell only 59. What limits the number of trophic levels in a food
(4) outside the cell only chain?
54. A red blood cell, entering the right side of the heart, (1) biomass of the autotrophs
passes by or through the following structures. (2) efficiency of energy conversion between levels
1. atrioventricular valve 2. semilunar valve (3) net productivity of the ecosystem
3. right atrium 4. right ventricle (4) species diversity in the ecosystem
5. sinoatrial node 60. Which structure is present in cells of eukaryotes
In which order will the red blood cell pass the but not present in cells of prokaryotes?
structures? (1) 70s ribosome (2) chromatin
(1) 3 ↑ 1 ↑ 4 ↑ 5 ↑ 2 (3) mesosome (4) plasmid
(2) 3 ↑ 5 ↑ 1 ↑ 2 ↑ 4 61. The diagram shows three routes through which
(3) 5 ↑ 3 ↑ 1 ↑ 4 ↑ 2 substances can pass across a cell membrane
(4) 5 ↑ 3 ↑ 2 ↑ 4 ↑ 1
55. What correctly describes the cause and effect of
carcinogens on lung tissue?
(1) Cells of the alveoli walls divide more rapidly
than normal by reduction division causing a
tumour to develop.
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(2) Cilia are paralysed, mucus accumulates in the

Which correctly shows the routes for vitamin D,
lungs, causing DNA to change, reduction division
which is fat soluble, and vitamin C, which is water
and a tumour to develop.
soluble?
(3) DNA changes, causing bronchial epithelial cells
to divide in an uncontrolled way by mitosis and Vitamin D Vitamin C
a tumour to develop. (1) Y X
(4) Haemoglobin carries less oxygen, causing (2) X Z
bronchial cells to divide in an uncontrolled way (3) X Y
by mitosis and a tumour to develop. (4) Z Y

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62. Which are features of nuclear division by mitosis? 69. The majority of ATP molecules derived from
1 forms cells of equal size to the parent cell nutrient metabolism are generated by the:
2 forms genetically identical cells (1) anaerobic fermentation and glycolysis
3 semi-conservative replication of DNA (2) fermentation and electron transport chain
(1) 1 and 2 only (2) 2 and 3 only (3) glycolysis and substrate phosphorylation
(3) 2 only (4) 1, 2 and 3 (4) Krebs cycle and electron transport chain
63. Which disease is treated with drugs that have a 70. The Mendelian law that describes the behavior of
similar molecular structure to DNA nucleotides? two or more gene pairs is the law of:
(1) cholera (2) HIV / AIDS
(1) codominance
(3) malaria (4) tuberculosis (TB)
(2) dominance
64. The following statements describe some of the
stages in phagocytosis. (3) independent assortment
1 Bacteria become surrounded in a phagocytic (4) segregation of genes
vacuole. 71. The largest number of known species is represented
2 Bacteria release chemicals that attract by the phylum:
neutrophils.
(1) Arthropoda
3 Lysosomes fuse with the phagocytic vacuole.
4 Receptor proteins on the neutrophil bind to (2) Annelida
the bacteria. (3) Echinodermata
Which order defines the correct sequence for (4) Platyhelminthes
phagocytosis?
72. Graded variations in a species trait over a
geographic distribution is a(n):
(1) 3 2 4 1
(2) 2 4 1 3 (1) genus (2) inbreeding
(3) 4 1 3 2 (3) mutation (4) polymorphism
(4) 1 3 2 4
73. A person receives the results of a hematocrit during
65. To maintain health, infants should receive about
a series of blood tests. A hematocrit is the:
1.50 g of protein per kg body mass per day whilst
adults only require 0.55 g of protein per kg body (1) abundance of white blood cells in blood
mass per day. What is the reason for the difference (2) concentration of sugar in the blood
in protein requirement? (3) level of circulating antibodies
(1) Adults have sufficient protein reserves for
(4) percentage of blood cellular material by volume
oxidation.
(2) Growth has ceased in adults. 74. All of the following hormones are involved in the
menstrual cycle EXCEPT:
(3) Infants have a smaller body mass.
(4) Protein digestion is inefficient in infants. (1) estrogen (2) LH
66. Which chamber of the heart shows the greatest (3) prolactin (4) progesterone
pressure changes during one cardiac cycle? 75. DNA contains all the following molecules except :
(1) left atrium (2) left ventricle (1) Uracil (2) Guanine
(3) right atrium (4) right ventricle
(3) Adenine (4) Deoxyribose
67. Which disease is least likely to be passed directly
from parent to child? 76. All of the following statements are correct regarding
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alleles except :
(1) cholera (2) HIV/AIDS
(3) malaria (4) sickle cell anaemia (1) A gene can have more than one allele.
68. Hydrolysis of lipid molecules yields: (2) Two identical alleles are said to be heterozygous
(1) amino acids and water with respect to that gene.
(2) amino acids and glucose (3) Alleles are found on corresponding loci of
(3) fatty acids and glycerol homologous chromosomes.

(4) glucose and glycerol (4) Alleles are alternative forms of the same gene.

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 ≅ΚΚ∆Μ Biology 7

77. The Krebs cycle in humans occurs in the 87. Net primary productivity in most ecosystems, is
(1) intermembrane phase important because it represents the
(1) surplus energy generated by producers.
(2) inner mitochondrial membrane
(2) total solar energy converted to chemical energy
(3) outer mitochondrial membrane by producers.
(4) mitochondrial matrix (3) energy available to producers.
(4) biomass of all producers.
78. The part of the brain that controls involuntary 88. Which of the following is a characteristic of arteries?
actions is known as the (1) They contain valves which prevent backflow.
(1) cerebrum (2) medulla (2) They carry blood away from the heart.
(3) cerebellum (4) hypothalamus (3) Blood is kept moving by the contraction of
79. A researcher performs a cross between 2 mice, voluntary muscles.
both having black fur. Black fur is dominant over (4) They or thin-walled blood vessels.
white fur. 75% of the offspring have black coats 89. Vitamins are essential to the human diet because
and 25% have white coats. The researcher can they act as
assume that the parents genotypes were most likely: (1) enzymes (2) cofactors
(1) BB x BB (2) BB x Bb (3) hormones (4) coenzymes
(3) BB x bb (4) Bb x Bb 90. Plant leaves appear green because they ____ light
80. A feature of amino acids not found in carbohydrates spectrum.
is the presence of (1) Scatter all colors except the green portion of
(1) phosphorous (2) nitrogen the visible.
(3) hydrogen (4) oxygen (2) Scatter the green portion of the visible.
81. Crossing over occurs during which of the following (3) Absorb the green portion of the visible.
phases in sexual reproduction? (4) Scatter the green portion of the ultraviolet.
(1) Metaphase I (2) Metaphase II 91. The continuous part of the plasma membrane is
(3) Prophase I (4) Prophase II the:
82. Which of the following are characteristics of both (1) Carbohydrate.
bacteria and fungi? (2) Phospholipid bilayer.
(1) Cell wall, unicellularity, and mitochondria (3) Nucleotides.
(2) Cell wall, DNA, and plasma membrane (4) Protein.
(3) Nucleus, organelles, and unicellularity 92. Which of the following is true of plants?
(4) Plasma membrane, multicellularity, and Golgi (1) They can create their own sugars using
apparatus photosynthesis.
83. The major difference between cartilage and bone (2) They can create their own sugars using
is that cartilage fermentation.
(1) is a type of connective tissue. (3) They can create their own sugars using
(2) lacks blood vessels and nerves. respiration.
(3) secretes a rubbery matrix. (4) They cannot create their own sugars using
photosynthesis.
(4) is composed of collagen and salts.
84. A macromolecule which consists of a polymer of 93. The outer living limit of the cell is called:
amino acids. (1) The cell wall.
(1) Glycogen (2) Cellulose (2) The edge.
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(3) Protein (4) Triglyceride (3) The plastid.

85. The stored form of sugar in humans. (4) The plasma membrane.
(1) Glycogen (2) Cellulose 94. The person who first used the term cell to describe
a unit of life was:
(3) Protein (4) Triglyceride
(1) A. Van Leeuwenhoek.
86. Lipid which consists of three fatty acids covalently
(2) R. Watson.
bonded to glycerol.
(3) R. Downy.
(1) Glycogen (2) Cellulose
(4) R. Hooke.
(3) Protein (4) Triglyceride

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95. Water is an important solvent of life because: 104. Sucrose and lactose are part of _______ in the
(1) It forms covalent bonds. carbohydrates family.
(2) It is ionic. (1) Proteins. (2) Monosaccharides.
(3) It has cohesive properties. (3) Disaccharides. (4) Polysaccharides.
(4) It forms hydrogen bonds. 105. How many chromosomes are in human gamete?
(1) 43 (2) 42 (3) 26 (4) 23
96. Which of the following is the correct order of the
106. A mother with blood type IBi and a father with
three stages of aerobic respiration?
blood type IAIB have children. Which of the
(1) Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport.
following genotypes would be possible for their
(2) Electron transport, Krebs cycle, glycolysis.
children?
(3) Krebs cycle, glycolysis, electron transport.
(1) AB (2) A
(4) Krebs cycle, electron transport, glycolysis.
(3) B (4) All of above
97. What is the term for an observable trait of an
107. In order for an impulse to be transmitted from one
organism?
neuron to another, nerve cells release ________ at
(1) Element. (2) Phenotype.
a synapse.
(3) Pleitropy. (4) Genotype.
(1) hemoglobin (2) luteinizing hormone
98. A single cell begins meiosis. How many cells will
(3) neurotransmitters (4) antibodies
there be after meiosis I, to begin meiosis II?
108. The lymphatic system performs which of the
(1) 1 (2) 4 (3) 8 (4) 2
following functions?
99. Which of the following is an example of an
(1) transports tissue fluid back into the bloodstream
eukaryotic cell?
(2) carries oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from
(1) An archea. (2) A virus. body cells
(3) A bacteria. (4) A plant cell. (3) controls the metabolic activities of body
100. The products of meiosis are: structures
(1) Four genetically different, haploid cells. (4) exchanges gases between blood and the air
(2) Two genetically identical, diploid cells. 109. Which structure of the male reproductive system
(3) Four genetically identical, haploid cells. produces sperm?
(4) Four genetically identical, diploid cells. (1) epididymis (2) scrotum
101. Which below best describes a difference between (3) testis (4) vas deferens
a chromosome and a gene? 110. Pulse is a direct measure of
(1) A chromosome and a gene are identical. (1) blood pressure. (2) stroke volume.
(2) A gene is one section of a chromosome, and a (3) heart rate (4) left ventricle.
chromosome may carry many genes. 111. After surgical removal of an infected gallbladder, a
(3) A gene is larger than a chromosome. person must be especially careful to restrict dietary
(4) A chromosome contains the DNA of a human; intake of
while a gene is a single portion of that DNA. (1) starch. (2) sugar.
102. You are sitting by a lake. You drop a leaf on the (3) protein. (4) fat.
lake and notice that it floats on the top of the water. 112. The mammalian trachea and oesophagus both
Which of the following properties of water could connect to the
help explain what you observed? (1) large intestine. (2) stomach.
(1) It has a strong surface tension. (3) pharynx. (4) epiglottis.
(2) It can dissolve large quantities of solute. 113. Which of the following enzymes works most
(3) It has a high specific heat. effectively at a very low pH?
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(4) It is hydrophobic. (1) salivary amylase (2) trypsin

103. Which of the following is an example of (3) pepsin (4) pancreatic amylase
homeostasis? An organism that can: 114. To analyse the genotype of an organism, it is made
to
(1) Assimilate and use energy.
(1) Self cross
(2) Reproduce.
(2) Cross with recessive parent
(3) Evolve from other living things.
(3) Cross with dominant parent
(4) Maintain a relatively constant internal
(4) Cross with another species
environment.

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 ≅ΚΚ∆Μ Biology 9
115. Osteomalacia is a deficiency disease of 125. Which of the following is a mineralocorticoid?
(1) Infants due to protein energy malnutrition (1) Testosterone (2) Progesterone
(2) Adults due ot protein energy malnutrition (3) Adrenalin (4) Aldosterone
(3) Adults due to Vitamin D deficiency 126. Which of the following hormones is a steroid?
(4) Infants due to Vitamin K deficiency (1) Estrogen (2) Insulin
116. by the statement 'survival of the fittest', Darwin (3) Glucagon (4) Thyroxine
meant that 127. Which function will be lost due to damage of
(1) The strongest of all species survives occipital lobe?
(2) The most intelligent of the species survives (1) Hearing (2) Speech
(3) The cleverest of the species survives (3) Vision (4) Memory
(4) The most adaptable of the species to changes 128. When the two ecosystems overlap each other, the
survives area is called
117. Which one of the following is polysaccharide? (1) Habitat (2) Niche
(1) Glycogen (2) Sucrose (3) Ecotone (4) Ecotype
(3) Lactose (4) Maltose 129. When a fresh water protozoan is placed in marine
118. Which one of the following human cells do not water
contain mitochondria? (1) the contractile vacuole disappears
(1) Nerve cell (2) Red blood cell (2) the contractile vacuole increases in size
(3) Liver cell (4) White blood cell (3) a number of contractile vacuoles appear
119. Which of the following is related to humoral (4) the contractile vacuole remains unchanged
immunity?
130. A balanced diet does NOT include
(1) T-lymphocyte (2) B-lymphocyte
(1) Carbohydrates and fats
(3) I-lymphocyte (4) P-lymphocyte
(2) Nucleic acids and enzymes
120. Which of the following species is restricted to a
(3) Proteins and vitamins
specific area?
(4) Minerals and salts
(1) Sibling species (2) Allopatric species
(3) Sympatric species (4) Endemic species 131. Transpiration facilitates
121. Which one of the following cells is not a phagocytic (1) Opening of stomata
cell? (2) Absorption of water by roots
(1) Macrophage (2) Monocyte (3) Excretion of minerals
(3) Neutrophil (4) Basophil (4) Electrolyte balance
122. Which of the following is the correct pathway for 132. The space between the plasma membrane and the
propagation of cardiac impulse? cell wall of a plasmolyzed cell surrounded by a
(1) SA node ↑ AV node ↑ Bundle of His ↑ hypertonic solution is occupied by the
Purkinje fibers (1) hypotonic solution
(2) AV node ↑ Bundle of His ↑ SA node ↑ (2) isotonic solution
Purkinje fibers (3) hypertonic solution
(3) SA node ↑ Purkinje fibers ↑ AV node ↑ (4) water
Bundle of His 133. The single horned Rhinoceros is protected at
(4) Purkinje fibers ↑ AV node ↑ SA node ↑ (1) Kaziranga National Park
Bundle of His
(2) Kahna National Park
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123. When red blood corpuscles containing both A and

(3) Rajiv Gandhi National Park
B antigens are mixed with your blood serum, they
(4) Anashi National Park
agglutinate. Hence your blood group is type.
134. The offspring produced from a marriage have only
(1) O (2) AB (3) B (4) A
O or A blood groups. Of the genotypes given below,
124. When the oxygen supply to the tissue is inadequate,
the possible genotypes of the parents would be
the condition is
(1) IOIO and IOIO (2) IAIA and IOIO
(1) Dyspnea (2) Hypoxia
(3) IAIO and IOIO (4) IAIA and IAIO
(3) Asphyxia (4) Apnea

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10 KVPY ≅ΚΚ∆Μ
135. The part of the brain where the centre for hunger 145. Which the following is a gastrointestinal hormone?
and thirst is located is (1) Prolactin (2) Enterokinase
(1) Cerebrum (2) Hypothalamus (3) GH (4) FSH
(3) Cerebellum (4) Medulla Oblongata 146. Which substance is in higher concentration in blood
136. The characteristic that is shared by urea, uric acid than in glomerular filtrate?
and ammonia is/are (1) Glucose (2) Urea
(i) They are nitrogenous wastes (3) Plasma proteins (4) Water
(ii) They all need very large amount of water for 147. lf the person shows the production of interferons in his
excretion body, chances are that he is suffering from
(iii) They are all equally toxic (1) Malaria (2) Measles
(iv) They are produced in the kidneys (3) Tetanus (4) Anthrax
(1) (i) and (iv) (2) (i), (iii) and (iv) 148. A RBC and a plant cell (with thick cell wall) are
(3) (i) only (4) (i) and (iii) placed in distilled water. The solute concentration
137. Tetany is caused by is the same in both the cells. What changes would
(1) Hyperparathyroidism be observed in them?
(2) Hypoparathyroidism (1) The RBC would increase in size and burst while
(3) Hyperthyroidism the plant cell would remain about the same size.
(4) Hypothyroidism (2) The plant cell would increase in size and burst
138. The amount of CSF in the cranial cavity while the RBC would remain about the same
(1) 500 ml (2) 140 ml size.
(3) 1 litre (4) 1.5 ml (3) Both plant cell and RBC would decrease in size
139. Succus entericus is secreted by and collapse.
(1) Brunner's glands
(4) Both plant cell and RBC would not undergo
(2) Auerbach's plexus
any change.
(3) Crypts of Lieberkuhn
149. If a cross between two individuals produces
(4) Peyers patches
offsprings with 50% dominant character A and 50%
140. Structural element of Chromatin is
recessive character A the genotype of parents are
(1) Histone
(1) Aa × Aa (2) Aa × aa
(2) Acid protein and DNA
(3) AA × aa (4) AA × Aa
(3) Nuclear matrix
(4) Nucleosomes 150. Identify the group which includes animals all of which
141. Spindle fibre is made up of give birth to young ones directly.
(1) Humulin (2) Intermediate filament (1) Platypus, Penguin, Bat, Hippopotamus
(3) Flagellin (4) Tubulin (2) Shrew, Bat, Kiwi, Cat
142. Stomata opens when (3) Lion, Whale, Ostrich, Bat
(1) Guard cells swell by endosmosis due to influx (4) Dolphin, Kangaroo, Bat, Cat
of hydrogen ions (protons) 151. Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed in the
(2) Guard cells swell by endosmosis due to influx (1) proximal tubule (2) distal tubule
of potassium ions. (3) collecting duct (4) loop of Henle
(3) Guard cells swell due to a decrease in their 152. According to Darwin, evolution is
water potential. (1) a slow, gradual and continuous process.
(4) Guard cells swell due to an increase in their (2) a sudden but discontinuous process.
Water potential (3) a slow and discontinuous process.
143. Pyramid of energy in ecosystems is (4) a slow, sudden and discontinuous process.
153. Examples for lateral meristems are
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(1) Always upright (2) Always inverted

(3) Mostly upright (4) Mostly inverted (1) Fascicular cambium and procambium
144. A large quantity of fluid is filtered every day by the (2) Procambium and dermatogen
nephrons in the kidneys. Only about 1% of it is (3) Fascicular cambium and cork cambium
excreted as urine. The remaining 99% of the filtrate (4) Phellogen and procambium
(1) is lost as sweat 154. Example of water soluble plant pigment is
(2) is stored in the urinary bladder (1) Chlorophyll-a (2) Chlorophyll-b
(3) is reabsorbed into the blood (3) Anthocyanin (4) Xanthophyll
(4) gets collected in the renal pelvis
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 ≅ΚΚ∆Μ Biology 11
155. In a National Park protection is provided to 167. Connective tissue mainly contains
(1) Entire ecosystem (2) Flora and fauna (1) Actin (2) Reticulin
(3) Fauna only (4) Flora only (3) Collagen (4) Elastin
156. The cells which act as parasites in the body 168. Disease existing at or before birth is (JKCMEE)
(1) Schwann cells (2) Hepatocytes (1) Congenital (2) Communicable
(3) Kupffer's cells (4) Cancer cells (3) Noncommunicable (4) none of these
157. Mitochondrial component connected with ATP 169. Blood vessel which ends in capillaries is
synthesis (1) Artery (2) Vein
(1) Inner membrane (2) Outer membrane (3) Pulmonary (4) Coronary sinus
(3) Matrix (4) F0 - F1 particles 170. Cardiac output is
158. Number of carbon atoms present in citric acid, (1) 4 litres/minute (2) 5.3 litres/ minute
oxaloacetic acid pyruvic acid are respectively (3) 6.3 litres /minute (4) 7.3 litres /minute
(1) 6, 3 and 3 (2) 6, 4 and 3 171. Fibrous tissue which connects bones is
(3) 5, 4 and 3 (4) 6, 4 and 2 (1) Connective tissue (2) Tendon
159. Enzymes taking part in glycolysis are present in (3) Adipose tissue (4) Ligament
(1) Vacuole (2) Mitochondria 172. Glands are composed of which of these tissue types?
(3) Cytoplasm (4) Both (2) and (3) (1) Epithelium (2) Connective
160. A compound formed in an organism for inhibiting (3) Muscle (4) Nervous
growth of another organism is 173. Haversian systems are found in the bones of
(1) Antigen (2) Antibody (1) Panther (2) Pigeon
(3) Antibiotic (4) Antiallergic (3) Python (4) Pipe fish
161. More than 70% of world's fresh water is contained 174. Which of the following is NOT a function of epithelial
in tissue?
(1) Ponds (1) Covers surfaces
(2) Glaciers and polar ice caps (2) Secretion and absorption.
(3) Green land (3) Support of the body
(4) Oceans (4) Lining of the digestive tract
162. Natural resource which have definite cycle is 175. Which one of the following contains the largest
(1) Exhaustible Non-renewable quantity of extracellular material?
(2) Inexhaustible (1) Striated muscle
(3) Non conventional (2) Areolar tissue
(4) Exhaustible Renewable (3) Stratified epithelium
163. Blood passes from left ventricle to right atrium. It is (4) Myelinated nerve fibres
(1) Pulmonary circulation 176. Sugar moves in phloem vessels as
(2) Systemic circulation (1) cellulose (2) glucose
(3) Coronary circulation (3) starch (4) sucrose
(4) Arteriovenous Circulation 177. Glycolytic reversal is a part of
164. Which one is involved in nourishing spermatozoans? (1) aerobic respiration
(1) Leydig cells (2) Gubernaculum (2) anaerobic respiration
(3) Sertoli cells (4) Interstitial cells (3) light phase of photosynthesis
165. Which one functions as endocrine gland after (4) dark phase of photosynthesis
ovulation? 178. Red pigment in tomato is
(1) Stroma (1) b-carotene (2) Anthocyanin
(2) Vitelline Membrane (3) Lycopene (4) Lutein
179. Light reaction of photosynthesis results in formation
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(3) Germinal epithelium

(4) Graafian follicle of
(1) O2 (2) NADPH + H+
166. Which hormone is responsible for the rupture of
(3) ATP (4) All of these
follicle and initiating the formation of corpus luteum?
180. Notochord develops from embyronic layer
(1) follicle stimulating hormone
(1) Ectoderm (2) Mesoderm
(2) luteotropin
(3) Endodem (4) Both (1) and (2)
(3) luteinizing hormone
(4) all of the above

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181. The structural and functional unit of the striated 189. Which compounds are organic?
muscle fibre is called I. glucose II. oxygen III. water
(1) Z-band (2) Myofibril (1) I only (2) I and II only
(3) Sarcoplasm (4) Sarcomere (3) II and III only (4) I, II and III
182. The cells that line the tubules of the kidneys are 190. What is investigated in ecology?
(1) Flat (2) Ciliated (1) All of the characteristics of living organisms
(3) Columnar (4) Cuboidal on Earth.
183. Which one of the following is largest in size (2) Only the physical and chemical properties of
(1) Monocyte (2) Basophil the environment.
(3) Lymphocyte (4) Neutrophil (3) Only the relationships between organisms and
184. 85-90% (9/10) of all photosynthesis in the world their environment.
is carried out by (4) Only the ways in which humans can exploit
(1) Shrubs the Earth's resources.
(2) Algae of the oceans 191. What human action could have an impact on the
whole biosphere?
(3) Herbs
(1) Burning fuel in vehicle engines.
(4) Scientists in the laboratory
(2) Releasing crude oil from an oil tanker into the
185. Primary and secondary processes of Photosynthesis
sea.
takes place in ____ and ____ respectively
(3) Building a dam across a major river.
(1) Stroma and grana (4) Establishing a national park in a desert area.
(2) Stroma and lamellae 192. How does heart muscle contraction differ from the
(3) Thylakoid and quantasome contraction of other muscles in the human body?
(4) Grana and stroma (1) It can contract without stimulation from nerves
186. In photosynthesis, the first step is or hormones.
(1) Phtolysis of water (2) It is stimulated to contract by hormones but
(2) Production of NADPH2 not nerves.
(3) Photoexcitation of chlorophyll (3) It is stimulated to contract by nerves but not
hormones.
(4) Synthesis of ATP
(4) Nerves speed up its rate of contraction but
187. The maximum magnification of many light
hormones slow it down.
microscopes is X400. What does this mean?
193. What is the function of phagocytic leucocytes?
(1) Two objects can be distinguished as separate if
(1) To form a barrier against infection.
they are 400 nm apart.
(2) To move to sites of infection and ingest
(2) The smallest object that can be seen has a microbes.
diameter of 400 nm. (3) To divide by mitosis to produce more
(3) Specimens can only be seen if they are made leucocytes.
400 times larger. (4) To secrete platelets.
(4) The image produced by the microscope is up 194. The kidney carries out the process of excretion by
to 400 times larger than the specimen. producing urine, which passes out of the body.
188. What moves the chromosomes during mitosis in What is contained in urine?
animal cells? (1) Toxic waste products of metabolism.
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(1) Microtubules crossing the equator of the cell.
(2) Microtubules connecting the replicated DNA
molecules to the poles of the cell.
195. In which cells can mitosis occur?
(3) Mesosomes attached to replicated DNA
molecules at the equator of the cell.
(4) Mesosomes attached to the centrioles at the
poles of the cell.
(2) Indigestible foods and harmful bacteria.
(3) Excess glucose and amino acids.
(4) Water and plasma proteins.
(1) Haploid only.
(2) Diploid only.
(3) Haploid and diploid only.
(4) Haploid, diploid and polyploid.

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196. What are two proteins involved in the blood clotting
process?
(1) Thrombokinase and prothrombin
(2) Thrombin and thrombokinase
(3) Fibrinogen and prothrombin
(4) Thrombin and fibrinogen
197. Which structure is used for locomotion in the
earthworms but not in arthropods, bony fishes or
birds?
(1) Muscles attached to a rigid skeleton
(2) Chaetae
(3) Antagonistic muscles
(4) Jointed legs
198. How does the composition of the blood in the renal
artery and the renal vein differ?
(1) The renal artery contains less glucose than the
renal vein.
(2) The renal artery contains more carbon dioxide
than the renal vein.
(3) The renal vein contains less oxygen then the
renal artery.
(4) The renal vein contains more urea than the
renal artery.
199. How do the mucus membranes help to protect the
body from infectious disease?
(1) They form a barrier.
(2) They produce antibodies.
(3) They release phagocytic leucocytes.
(4) They absorb mucus.
200. A diploid cell contains the alleles R and r on one
pair of homologous chromosomes and the alleles S
and s on another pair of homologous chromosomes.
How many combinations of these alleles could
appear in the gametes after meiosis?
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 4 (4) 16
201. What organisms are classified into the kingdom
protista?
(1) Eukaryotes and prokaryotes
(2) Some eukaryotes
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Biology 13
203. What is the role of oxygen in aerobic respiration?
(1) To provide the energy for the Krebs cycle
(2) To allow glycolysis of hexose sugars
(3) To accept electrons at the end of the electron
transport chain
(4) To accept hydrogen from NADH2
204. What is a chiasma?
(1) A process of exchanging genes between non-
homologous chromatids.
(2) A point where gene mutations occur.
(3) A point where the recombination of genetic
material always occurs.
(4) A point where homologous chromosomes
remain in contact during meiosis.
205. What is interspecific hybridisation?
(1) Sexual reproduction between heterozygous
members of the same species.
(2) Sexual reproduction between homozygous
members of the same species.
(3) The fertilisation of a female by sperm from
more than one species.
(4) Sexual reproduction between members of
different species
206. What is/are the advantage(s) of using an electron
microscope?
I. Very high resolution
II. Very high magnification
III. The possibility of examining living material
(1) I only (2) I and II only
(3) II and III only (4) I, II and III
207. Which structural feature(s) is/are characteristic of
viruses?
I. DNA or RNA
II. A protein coat
III. Ribosomes

(3) All prokaryotes (1) I only (2) I and II only

(4) All eukaryotes (3) II and III only (4) I, II and III
202. What happens as a cell grows larger? 208. What is essential for diffusion?
(1) The surface area to volume ratio increases. (1) A concentration gradient
(2) The metabolic rate of the cell increases.
(2) A selectively permeable membrane
(3) Heat exchange becomes more efficient.
(3) A source of energy
(4) Materials are not absorbed quickly enough for
the cell's needs. (4) A protein
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209. In the diagram below macromolecules are being 216. The scientific names of two organisms are shown
transported to the exterior of a cell. What is the below.
name of this process? Lathyrus palustris
Angelica palustris
What is the relationship between these organisms?
(1) They both belong to the same genus but they
are different species
(2) They both belong to the same species but
different genera
(3) They are both different species and different
genera
(4) They both belong to the same species and the
(1) Exocytosis (2) Pinocytosis
same genus
(3) Endocytosis (4) Phagocytosis 217. Why do antibiotics kill bacteria but not viruses?
210. What is true about eukaryotic DNA? (1) Antibiotics stimulate the immune system against
(1) It contains the complementary base pair bacteria but not viruses
adenine-uracil. (2) Viruses have a way of blocking antibiotics
(3) Viruses are too small to be affected by
(2) It is naked.
antibiotics
(3) The majority consists of repetitive sequences. (4) Viruses do not have a metabolism
(4) The majority codes for genes. 218. The diagram below shows a nucleosome.
211. What is the minimum number of alleles that may
be present for a given genotype controlled by a
single gene?
(1) One (2) Two (3) Three (4) Four
212. What name is given to an organism that ingests
dead organic matter?
(1) Autotroph (2) Detritivore
(3) Herbivore (4) Parasite What is structure X?
213. A synthetic hormone, syntocin, has the same effect (1) DNA (2) RNA
on the body as oxytocin. For what purpose would
(3) Histone (4) Deoxyribose
syntocin be used?
219. Which component gives the plasma membrane its
(1) Control of blood glucose levels
fluid quality?
(2) Inhibition of the menstrual cycle
(1) Glycolipids (2) Phospholipids
(3) Regulation of the heart rate (3) Integral proteins (4) Peripheral proteins
(4) Stimulation of uterine contraction 220. A woman who is a carrier of hemophilia marries a
214. Which of the following are barriers against the entry man who is not affected. What are the possible
of pathogens into the body? genotypes of their children?
I. Skin (1) XHXh, XHXH, XHY, XhY
II. Mucous membranes
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(2) XHXh, XHXH, XHYh, XHYH

III. Phagocytic leucocytes (3) XHXh, XhXh, XHYh, XhYh
(1) I only (2) I and II only (4) XHXh, XhXh, XHY, XhY
(3) II and III only (4) I, II and III 221. Which organisms externally digest dead organic
215. How many genotypes can be made from a gene matter and then absorb the nutrients?
which has three alleles? (1) Autotrophs (2) Detritivores
(1) 3 (2) 6 (3) 9 (4) 12 (3) Heterotrophs (4) Saprotrophs

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222. What causes movement of water through the
xylem?
(1) Active transport in the root tissue
(2) Evaporation of water from leaves
(3) Active translocation
(4) Gravity
223. Which observations support the Cell Theory?
I. Mature red blood cells do not contain a nucleus.
II. Cells from a multicellular organism can be
cultured in isolation.
III. Muscle fibres contain many nuclei.
IV. All cells develop from pre-existing cells.
(1) I and III only (2) II and III only
(3) II and IV only (4) III and IV only
224. What is facilitated diffusion?
(1) The passive movement of a particle through
the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane.
(2) The passive movement of a particle across a
cell membrane via a channel protein.
(3) The movemen t of a particle down a
concentration gradient helped by active
pumping.
(4) The movement of a particle up a concentration
gradient helped by active pumping.
225. How does mitosis produce two genetically identical
nuclei?
(1) By separation of homologous pairs of
chromosomes
(2) By separation of pairs of chromatids
(3) By division of the cytoplasm equally in two
(4) By division of the centrioles in two
226. Pigments are extracted from the leaves of a green
plant. White light is then passed through the
solution of pigments. What effect do the leaf
pigments have on the white light?
(1) Green wavelengths are absorbed and red and
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blue wavelengths are transmitted.
(2) Red and blue wavelengths are absorbed and
green wavelengths are transmitted.
(3) Blue wavelengths are absorbed and green and
red wavelengths are transmitted.
(4) Green and red wavelengths are absorbed and
blue wavelengths are transmitted.
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Biology 15
227. Which combination of parents could produce
children with any of the different ABO blood types?
(1) A × B (2) B × O
(3) A × AB (4) A × A
228. What feature in a family pedigree chart would
suggest that a trait is sex-linked?
(1) Numbers of offspring affected by the condition
increased over several generations.
(2) Girls only inherit the trait from their mothers.
(3) Equal numbers of males and females show the
trait.
(4) One gender was more commonly affected than
the other
229. What conditions exist when a population is in the
plateau phase of population growth?
(1) immigration + emigration = natality + mortality
(2) natality + immigration = emigration + mortality
(3) mortality + immigration = natality + emigration
(4) immigration + natality = mortality + emigration
230. Monoclonal antibodies are produced by hybridoma
cells. Hybridoma cells are formed by fusing tumor
cells with another cell type. What is this cell type?
(1) Phagocytes (2) B-cells
(3) Stem cells (4) T-cells
231. Which of the following is a metabolic activity of
some prokaryotic cells but no eukaryotic cells?
(1) Anaerobic respiration (2) Fermentation
(3) Photosynthesis (4) Nitrogen fixation
232. If the allele for short hair (L) is completely dominant
to the allele for long hair (Lκ), which statement is
correct for animals LL and Lκ ?
(1) They have the same parents.
(2) They have the same phenotypes.
(3) They have the same genotypes.
(4) They have the same alleles.
233. Which statement most accurately describes the
plants Clarkia cylindrica, Clarkia deflexa, and
Clarkia similis?
(1) All three belong to the same species.
(2) Each belongs to a different group.
(3) All three belong to the same family.
(4) Each belongs to a different family
16 KVPY ≅ΚΚ∆Μ
234. Which of the following is a characteristic of 237. Which nitrogenous waste products are excreted by
evolution? the following organisms?
(1) Evolution is a cumulative change in heritable
characteristics in a population. Freshwater Birds Mammals
fish
(2) Evolution occurred in the past but does not
(1) Urea Urea Uric acid
happen today.
(2) Ammonia Uric acid Ammonia
(3) Evolution is dependent on the inheritance of (3) Ammonia Uric acid Urea
acquired characteristics. (4) Uric acid Ammonia Urea
(4) Evolution is progressive and leads to more
238. Using a light microscope, what determines the
advanced organisms
ability to distinguish between two points lying close
235. Which of the following statements correctly
describes the carrying capacity of an environment? together?
(1) The maximum rate of population growth for a (1) The magnification
species
(2) The preparation
(2) The area of land that can support a defined
population of a species (3) The fixation
(3) The maximum population of a species that can (4) The resolution
be sus tain ably supported by a given
239. What is one role of the element phosphorus?
environment
(4) The minimum population of a species that can (1) It forms part of the structure of amino acids.
be sus tain ably supported by a given (2) It forms part of the structure of fatty acids.
environment (3) It forms part of the structure of ribose.
236. Which o f th e fo llowing produce ATP in
mitochondria? (4) It forms part of the structure of nucleotides.
(1) The movement of protons from the matrix to
the intermembrane space
(2) The mo vement o f proton s from the
intermembrane space to the cytoplasm
(3) The splitting of water molecules and the movement
of electrons to oxygen
(4) The mo vement o f proton s from the
intermembrane space to the matrix

2 MARK QUESTIONS
240. On a dry, sunny day, how does water vapour move
through the stomata of a leaf?
(1) (2)
(1) into the leaf by diffusion
(2) into the leaf by osmosis
(3) out of the leaf by diffusion
(3) (4)
(4) out of the leaf by osmosis
241. The diagram shows an experiment using a potato.
242. What happens when the body temperature rises
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above normal?

blood vessels in the sweat

surface of skin production
(1) constrict decreases
(2) constrict increases
Which shows the result of the experiment after (3) dilate decreases
24 hours? (4) dilate increases

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 ≅ΚΚ∆Μ Biology 17
243. Some viruses are able to bind to the cell surface Which row in the table correctly shows the types
membrane before entering the host cell. Which of immunity?
sequence of events will lead to a virus invading a
cell? natural artificial natural artificial
(1) Binding to a cholesterol molecule, followed by active active passive passive
endocytosis (1) 1 2 3 4
(2) Binding to a glycoprotein receptor, followed (2) 1 2 4 3
(3) 2 1 3 4
by exocytosis
(4) 2 1 4 3
(3) Binding to a protein receptor, followed by
endocytosis 249. Which soil would have the smallest number of
(4) Binding to the hydrophilic portion of a denitrifying bacteria?
phospholipid, followed by exocytosis (1) compressed agricultural soil
244. Which pair of factors is inversely proportional to (2) poorly drained forest soil
the rate of diffusion? (3) water-logged clay soil
(1) Concentration gradient and surface area over (4) well-aerated garden soil
which diffusion occurs
250. What is the correct sequence of structures involved
(2) Distance over which diffusion occurs and size
in a reflex action?
of diffusing molecule
(1) effector, sensory neuron, relay neuron, motor
(3) Size of diffusing molecule and concentration
gradient neuron, receptor
(4) Surface area over which diffusion occurs and (2) effector, motor neuron, relay neuron, sensory
distance over which diffusion occurs neuron, receptor
245. For organisms undergoing sexual reproduction, a (3) receptor, sensory neuron, relay neuron, motor
reduction division occurs before fertilisation. Which neuron, effector
reasons explain why this is necessary? (4) receptor, relay neuron, sensory neuron, motor
(i) increase genetic variation neuron, effector
(ii) prevent doubling of the chromosome number 251. An insecticide sprayed on a crop washes into a
(iii) reduce the chances of mutation lake in which there is the following food chain.
(1) (i) only (2) (ii) only
producers 1st consumer 2nd consumer 3rd
(3) (ii) and (iii) only (4) (i), (ii) and (iii)
consumer
246. Colchicine is a chemical that stops chromatids from
What are the most likely levels of the insecticide in
separating during mitosis. Which phase will the cell
reach and then stop dividing? the tissues of the organisms?
(1) Anaphase (2) Metaphase (ppm = parts per million.)
(3) Prophase (4) Telophase
1st 2nd 3rd
247. When a person suffers an asthma attack, the tubes
producer consumer consumer consumer
of the gas exchange system narrow and extra mucus /p pm /ppm /ppm /pp m
is produced. Which of these changes occur during (1) 26.4 0.04 2 0.5
an asthma attack? (2) 0.04 0.5 2 26.4
(i) Activity of ciliated epithelium increases. (3) 26.4 2 0.5 0.04
(ii) Endocytosis in goblet cells increases. (4) 0.5 26.4 0.04 2.0
(ii) Smooth muscles respire faster.
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(1) (i), (ii) only (2) (i), (iii) only 252. An actively growing cell is supplied with radioactive
(3) (ii) and (iii) only (4) (i), (ii) and (iii) amino acids. Which cell component would first
248. Four ways of being immune are show an increase in radioactivity?
1 having memory cells after an infection (1) Golgi body
2 having memory cells after being injected with
(2) Mitochondrion
dead bacteria
3 being injected with antibodies (3) Nucleus
4 receiving antibodies from breast milk (4) Rough endoplasmic reticulum

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253. Many fresh water animals possess vacuoles which 259. Normal venous pressure in the feet is 3.3 kPa.
contract regularly, expelling excess water. Why do When a person stands very still venous blood
plants living in fresh water not require such pressure in the feet rises to 5.0 kPa. What causes
vacuoles? the high pressure?
(1) Plant cell sap has a much lower concentration
(1) Muscles in the walls of the veins contract,
of dissolved solutes than animal cytoplasm.
reducing the diameter of the veins.
(2) Plant cell walls are impermeable to water.
(2) Skeletal muscles in the legs are not squeezing
(3) The water potential is the same inside and
blood upward in the veins.
outside the plant cells.
(4) Water movement into plants is controlled by (3) Systolic blood pressure increases.
their roots. (4) The semilunar valves in the veins of the leg
254. What is the main limiting factor on the amount of cease to function.
work that muscles can perform during aerobic 260. Some antibiotics are used in animal feed to reduce
exercise? disease. What explains why these antibiotics should
(1) the percentage saturation of haemoglobin with not be used in the treatment of human diseases?
oxygen in the lungs (1) Humans may be allergic to these antibiotics.
(2) the speed of dissociation of oxygen from (2) Human cells may stop responding to these
haemoglobin in the muscles antibiotics.
(3) the volume of blood flow through the lungs
(3) Pathogenic bacteria may develop resistance to
(4) the volume of blood flow through the muscles
these antibiotics.
255. Why is the mass flow of sap through sieve elements
(4) Useful gut bacteria may be killed by these
described as an active process?
antibiotics
(1) Phloem sap is able to flow in sieve elements
against the pull of gravity. 261. In which animal cells would Golgi apparatus be most
(2) Sucrose is loaded into a sieve element against abundant?
a concentration gradient. (1) ciliated epithelial cells
(3) Sucrose passes out of the phloem into regions (2) goblet cells
where cells are dividing. (3) red blood cells
(4) Water follows sucrose into a sieve element down (4) smooth muscle cells
a water potential gradient. 262. Which cell activity must occur before prophase of
256. What is the immune system's first line of defence mitosis can begin?
against invading microorganisms?
(1) breakdown of the nuclear envelope
(1) ingestion of the microorganisms by b-
(2) increased production of mRNA
lymphocytes
(2) ingestion of the microorganisms by phagocytes (3) migration of centrioles to opposite poles
(3) production of antibodies (4) replication of DNA
(4) production of antigens 263. What does tissue fluid contain?
257. When mitochondria are extracted from cells for Phago- platelets protein
biochemical study, they are usually kept in a cytes concentration
0.25 mol dm–3 sucrose solution.Why is the sucrose compared to
blood plasma
solution used?
(1) Ο Ο higher
(1) To act as a solvent
(2) Ν Ν higher
(2) To enable the rate of respiration of the
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mitochondria To be determined (3) Ο Ν lower

(3) To prevent the mitochondria from changing in (4) Ν Ο lower
structure 264. Which process does not make nitrogen-containing
(4) To provide a source of energy compounds available to plants?
258. Which molecule prevents the cell sur face (1) Ammonification by decomposers
membrane from becoming too fluid or too rigid? (2) Denitrification by denitrifying bacteria
(1) Cholesterol (2) Glycolipid (3) Nitrogen fixation in plant root nodules
(3) Glycoprotein (4) Phospholipid (4) Nitrogen fixation by soil bacteria
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265. In mammals, some carbon dioxide is transported
by red blood cells in combination with haemoglobin.
What is the product of this combination?
(1) carbamino-haemoglobin
(2) carbonic acid
(3) carboxyhaemoglobin
(4) haemoglobinic acid
266. Which statement explains why people suffering
from malaria and people suffering from tuberculosis
can both live in northern Europe, but only
tuberculosis can be passed on to other people
there?
(1) Anopheles mosquitoes only breed in sub-
tropical and tropical areas.
(2) Antibiotics can be used to cure people with
tuberculosis.
(3) Migrant workers can carry the diseases with
them.
(4) Tuberculosis bacteria cannot survive in
sub-tropical and tropical areas.
267. How would health improve if a person suffering
from mild emphysema stopped smoking cigarettes?
(1) goblet cells secrete more mucus, allowing a
greater number of pathogens to be trapped
(2) increased numbers of phagocytic macrophages
arrive in the lungs
(3) less atheroma build-up on the inner lining of
arteries, increasing lumen diameter
(4) less carboxyhaemoglobin produced, increasing
oxygen transport by haemoglobin
268. What causes the swelling of the body tissues of a
child with the prot ein defi ciency disease
kwashiorkor?
(1) Fat stores in the abdomen are used up and
converted to tissue fluid which makes the liver
swell.
(2) Few plasma proteins form, raising the blood
water potential and causing fluid to accumulate
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in the tissues.
(3) Proteins in the gut wall are used up and
replaced by body tissue fluid.
(4) The glycogen stores in the liver are used up
and replaced by body tissue fluid.
269. In aerobic respiration, the final electron acceptor
in the electron transport chain is:
(1) NAD+ (2) O2 (3) H2O (4) NADP+
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Biology 19
270. The appendix of a human and the hipbone of a
whale.
(1) Analogous structures
(2) Homologous structures
(3) Convergent evolution
(4) Vestigial Structures
271. Cancer is a disease caused by mutations. Yet in
most instances if one of your parents tragically died
from cancer, this does not put you at greater risk
than a person whose parents do not develop cancer.
How can cancer be caused by mutations and yet
not be heritable?
(1) Mutations caused by environmental agents such
as tobacco smoke cannot be inherited.
(2) The mutations that cause cancer are special
and cannot be passed on regardless of what
type of cell they occur in.
(3) Most cancers arise from mutations in germ line
cells.
(4) Most cancers arise from mutations in somatic
cells.
272. What two colors of light drive most of photosynthesis?
(1) Red and green. (2) Blue and green
(3) Red and blue. (4) Green and yellow
273. If a female is a carrier to the hemophilia gene, has
a child with a male who does not have hemophilia,
which prediction is correct?
(1) All of the sons and none of the daughters will
have hemophilia.
(2) All of the daughters and none of the sons will
have hemophilia.
(3) Half of the sons and half of the daughters will
have hemophilia.
(4) Half of the sons and none of the daughters will
have hemophilia.
274. Which types of proteins are involved in nutrient
transport and why?
(1) Integral proteins because they span the membrane,
thereby carrying nutrients across the membrane.
(2) Peripheral proteins because they are smaller and
can travel across the membrane, thereby carrying
nutrients across the membrane.
(3) Integral proteins because they are smaller and can
travel across the membrane, thereby carrying
nutrients across the membrane.
(4) Peripheral proteins because they span the
membrane, thereby carrying nutrients across
the membrane
275. Chitin is a complex carbohydrate that forms the
external skeleton of the
(1) Humans. (2) Plants.
(3) Arthropods. (4) Monera.
20 KVPY ≅ΚΚ∆Μ
276. The removal of which of the following would have 286. Some important events in the human female
the biggest impact on a marine ecosystem? reproductive cycle are given below. Arrange the
(1) fishes (3) shrimp events in a proper sequence.
(2) whales (4) Plankton (i) - Secretion of FSH,
277. Which of the following reactions prevails in red blood
cells traveling through alveolar capillaries? (ii) - Growth of corpus luteum,
(Hb = hemoglobin) (iii) - Growth of the follicle and oogenesis,
(1) Hb + 4O2 ↑ Hb(O2) (iv) - Ovulation,
(2) Hb(O2) ↑ Hb + 4O2
(v) - Sudden increase in the lcvcls of LH
(3) CO2 + H2O ↑ H2CO
(4) H2CO3 ↑ W + HCO3 (1) (i) ↑ (iii) ↑ (v) ↑ (iv) ↑ (ii)
278. An inverted Pyramid of biomass is represented by (2) (i) ↑ (iv) ↑ (iii) ↑ (v) ↑ (ii)
(1) Aquatic ecosystem (3) (ii) ↑ (i) ↑ (iii) ↑ (iv) ↑ (v)
(2) ecosystem of a big tree
(4) (iii) ↑ (i) ↑ (iv) ↑ (ii) ↑ (v)
(3) grassland ecosystem
(4) tropical fresh ecosystem. 287. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, needed for the
279. Pollen grains of a plant whose 2n = 28 are cultured conversion of Pyruvic acid to Acetyl CO-A is located
to get callus by tissue culture method. What would in
be the number of chromosomes in the cells of the (1) Intermembranal space of mitochondria
callus?
(2) Matrix of mitochondria
(1) 21 (2) 14 (3) 56 (4) 28
280. Which of the following prevents the conversion of (3) Cytoplasm
prothrombin to thrombin in an undamaged blood (4) Grana of chloroplast
vessel?
288. lf the systolic pressure is 120 mm Hg and diastolic
(1) Calcium ions (2) Thromboplastin
pressure is 80 mm Hg, the pulse pressure is
(3) Fibrinogen (4) Heparin
281. Which one of the following animal phyla does not (1) 120 + 80 = 200mmHg
possess a coelom? (2) 120 × 80 = 9600mmHg
(1) Platyhelminthes (2) Annelida
(3) 120/80 = mmHg
(3) Mollusca (4) Echinodermata
282. Which of the following hormones does not naturally (4) l20 – 80 = 40mmHg
occur in plants? 289. A man is admitted to a hospital. He is suffering
(1) IAA (2) GA from an abnormally low body temperature, loss of
(3) ABA (4) 2, 4 – D appetite and extreme thirst. His brain scan would
283. The main difference between Gram positive and probably show a tumor in
Gram negative bacteria is
(1) Pons (2) Cerebellum
(1) Cell membrane (2) Cell wall
(3) Hypothalamus (4) Medulla Oblongata
(3) Ribosome (4) Mitochondria
290. In an experiment demonstrating the evolution of
284. The greatest threat to genetic diversity in agricultural
oxygen in Hydrilla, Sodium bicarbonate is added
crops is
to water in the experimental set-up. What would
(1) extensive mixed cropping
happen if all other conditions are favourable?
(2) introduction of high yielding varieties (1) Amount of oxygen evolved increases as the
(3) extensive use of fertilisers availability of carbon dioxide increases.
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(4) extensive use of insecticides and pesticides
285. The brainstem is made up of
(1) Midbrain, pons, cerebellum
(2) Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
(3) Diencephalon, medulla oblongata, cerebellum
(4) Cerebellum, cerebrum, medulla oblongata
(2) Amount of oxygen evolved decreases as the
availability of carbon dioxide increases.
(3) Amount of oxygen evolved increases as carbon
dioxide in Water is absorbed by sodium
bicarbonate.
(4) Amount of oxygen evolved decreases as carbon
dioxide in water is absorbed by sodium
bicarbonate
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291. A true breeding plant producing red flowers is 300. The diagram below shows an aquarium, set up in
crossed with a pure plant producing white flowers. a laboratory in a large glass bottle. What must be
Allele for red colour of flower is dominant. After supplied from outside the bottle to allow the
organisms inside to survive?
selfing the plants of first filial generation. the
proportion of plants producing white flowers in the
progeny would be
(1) 1/4 (2) 1/3
(3) 1/2 (4) none of the above
292. TAB vaccine is useful against
(1) Polio (2) Diptheria
(3) Pertussis (4) Typhoid
293. Number of steps involved in release of CO2 during
Kreb's cycle are (1) Sufficient light only.
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 6 (4) 12 (2) Sufficient light and mineral ions only.
294. Blood pressure is lowest (3) Sufficient light, mineral ions and food only.
(1) After muscular exercise (4) Sufficient light, mineral ions, food and oxygen
only.
(2) During ventricular diastole
301. Which process is used in renal dialysis by kidney
(3) After 60 years of age machines?
(4) During ventricular systole (1) Ultrafiltration
295. Cell fragments of megakaryocytes yield (2) Passive diffusion
(1) Erythrocytes (2) Granulocytes (3) Active transport
(3) Agranulocytes (4) Blood platelets (4) Carrier-assisted diffusion
302. The levels of oestrogen, progesterone, FSH and
296. Ground substance of connective tissue is mainly
LH vary during the menstrual cycle in women.
made up of
Each hormone reaches its maximum level at a
(1) Monosaccharides different stage in the cycle. In what sequence do
(2) Phospholipids the hormones reach their maximum level, if the
(3) Lipids cycle begins at the start of menstruation?
(4) Mucopolysaccharides (1) LH, progesterone, FSH, oestrogen
(2) FSH, progesterone, LH, oestrogen
297. In which o f the fo llowing light, rate of
(3) LH, oestrogen, FSH, progesterone
photosynthesis is maximum?
(4) FSH, oestrogen, LH, progesterone
(1) white (2) discontinuous white
303. Ultrafiltration occurs between the capillaries of the
(3) red (4) blue glomerulus and the Bowman's capsule of the
298. Temperature is very high but a plant is showing nephron. What is the reason for the high
photosynthesis with normal rate, probably it would permeability of these capillaries?
be (1) Absence of ADH
(1) C3 plant (2) Mango plant (2) The fenestrations of the capillary wall
(3) The high concentration of plasma proteins
(3) Pea plant (4) Sugarcane plant
(4) Low blood pressure in the capillary
299. There are ethical arguments for and against the
304. When a plant is transpiring, water rises up in the
cloning of human embryos. Which is the xylem vessels from the roots to the leaves. This
strongest argument for cloning? flow of water is called the transpiration stream.
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(1) Cloning is needed to complete the Human
Genome Project.
(2) Mothers would be able to have children and
return to work more quickly, if their embryos
were cloned.
(3) Cloning allows parents to choose the
characteristics of their children.
(4) Cloning happens naturally when identical twins
are formed.
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What property of water is essential for the
transpiration stream to happen?
(1) When water evaporates it removes heat and
therefore causes cooling.
(2) Water is a good solvent so inorganic particles
can be carried up in the transpiration stream.
(3) Water rises up narrow tubes by capillary action.
(4) Water molecules are cohesive and therefore
can be pulled up.
22 KVPY ≅ΚΚ∆Μ
305. Regular exercise causes changes to the heart both 311. Which of the following parts of the male
during the exercise and at rest. The stroke volume reproductive system contribute to the production
(amount of blood pumped per heart beat) and the of semen?
heart rate (number of beats per minute) are both I. Epididymis II. Seminal vesicle
affected. What is the effect of regular exercise on III. Bladder IV. Prostate
the heart when the body is at rest? (1) II only (2) II and IV only
(1) The stroke volume and the heart rate are both
(3) I, II and IV only (4) I, II, III and IV
increased.
(2) The stroke volume is increased and the heart 312. What is the enzyme that is used in commercial fruit
juice production?
rate is decreased.
(3) The stroke volume is decreased and the heart (1) Catalase (2) Helicase
rate is increased. (3) Pectinase (4) Polymerase
(4) The stroke volume and the heart rate are both 313. The diagram shows how the body regulates glucose
decreased. levels in the blood. What is Y?
306. Which characteristics apply to all evolving
populations? Glucose increase X released
I. Overproduction of offspring
II. Different genotypes in the population
III. Different chances of survival Glucose normal
(1) I and II only (2) I and III only
(3) II and III only (4) I, II and III
307. Which of the following reactions occurs when a Y released Glucose decrease
dipeptide is formed from amino acids?
(1) Hydrolysis (2) Denaturation (1) Amylase (2) Insulin
(3) Condensation (4) Oxidation (3) Glucagon (4) Glycogen
308. Which graph correctly shows the increase in the
314. Which type of immunity usually results from
size of a population during the exponential growth
vaccination?
phase?
(1) active, natural (2) active, artificial
(3) passive, natural (4) passive, artificial
Population size

Population size

315. Which of the following are functions of the

placenta?
(1) (2)
I. Gas exchange
Time Time II. Stimulation of uterine contractions
III. Secretion of progesterone
IV. Secretion of estrogens
Population size

Population size

(1) I only (2) III and IV only

(3) I, III and IV only (4) I, II, III and IV
(3) (4)
316. What is the relative toxicity of the following
Time Time nitrogenous compounds?

309. Which substances increase the greenhouse effect (1) ammonia > uric acid > urea
the most? (2) uric acid > urea > ammonia
(1) Oxygen and CFCs (3) urea > uric acid > ammonia
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(2) Methane and CFCs (4) ammonia > urea > uric acid
(3) Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen 317. Which of the following is closely associated with
(4) Nitrogen and methane lowering of high body temperature?
310. Which cell destroys viral-infected cells? (1) Constriction of blood vessels in the skin
(1) Macrophage (2) Vasodilation of blood vessels in the skin
(2) T-helper
(3) Increased shivering
(3) B-lymphocyte
(4) Decreased sweat production
(4) Cytotoxic T-cell
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318. When a motor neuron is at its resting potential, 319. Which of the following explains why some people
which of the following is correct for the place clear plastic bags over their houseplants when
concentration of Na+ and K+ ions? they will be left unattended for two weeks?
(1) Transpiration will be slowed and more water
Inside Outside will remain in the soil.
neuron neuron (2) Carbon dioxide will build up in the bag and
(1) +
K high
+
Na low increase photosynthesis.
(2) +
Na low
+
K high (3) Heat will build up in the bag and keep the plant
(3) +
K high
+
Na high from freezing.
(4) +
Na high
+
K low (4) Light intensity will be increased and increase
photosynthesis.

ANSWER KEY
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. 3 3 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 4 3 4 1 1 4 2 1 2
Que. 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Ans. 3 1 1 1 3 3 2 1 2 1 4 3 1 1 3 1 3 2 4 2
Que. 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
Ans. 2 2 3 1 2 3 3 4 4 2 3 4 3 3 3 4 2 1 2 2
Que. 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
Ans. 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 3 1 4 4 3 1 2 4 2 4 2
Que. 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
Ans. 3 2 3 3 1 4 3 2 2 2 2 1 4 4 3 1 2 4 4 1
Que. 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120
Ans. 4 1 4 3 4 4 3 1 3 3 4 3 3 2 3 4 1 2 2 4
Que. 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140
Ans. 4 1 1 2 4 1 3 3 1 2 2 3 1 3 2 3 2 2 3 4
Que. 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160
Ans. 4 2 1 3 2 3 2 1 2 4 1 1 3 3 2 4 4 2 3 3
Que. 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180
Ans. 2 4 2 3 4 3 3 1 1 2 4 1 1 3 2 4 4 3 4 1
Que. 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200
Ans. 4 4 1 2 4 3 4 1 1 3 2 1 2 1 4 3 2 3 1 3
Que. 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220
Ans. 2 4 3 3 4 2 2 1 1 3 2 2 4 2 2 3 4 3 2 1
Que. 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240
Ans. 4 2 3 2 2 2 1 4 2 2 4 2 3 1 3 4 3 4 4 3
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Que. 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260
Ans. 3 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 4 3 2 4 3 4 4 2 3 1 2 3
Que. 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280
Ans. 2 4 3 2 1 1 4 2 2 4 4 3 4 1 3 4 1 1 2 4
Que. 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300
Ans. 1 4 2 4 2 1 2 4 3 1 1 4 2 2 4 4 2 4 3 1
Que. 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319
Ans. 1 4 2 4 2 3 3 3 2 4 3 3 3 2 3 4 2 3 1

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IMPORTANT NOTES
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