IX WORKSHEET

History

MCQs (1 marks)

1. Jaddists were ……..within the Russian Empire?

A. Muslim Reformers
B. Muslim educationists
C. Parsi Reformers
D. German refugees

2. Identify the personality

He wanted the government to replace capitalist enterprises with cooperatives
A. Robert Owen
B. Karl Marx
C. Louis Blanc
D. Friedrich Engels

3. Who among the following was assigned the responsibility of economic recovery by Hitler?
A. Goebbels
B. Hindenburg
C. Hjalmar Schacht
D. Adam Smith

4. Arrange the events in the correct order.

(I) Hitler attacks the Communists with the help of German industrialists.
(II) Hitler becomes the Fuhrer.
(III) Death of President Hindenburg.
(IV) Anti-Semitism was propagated in Germany.
(V) Nazi party became the only party that ruled Germany in 1933
Options:
A. III, I, II, IV, V
B. III, II, I, V, IV
C. I, III, IV,III, V
D. II, III, I, V, IV.

5. Find the odd one out.

A. Gujjars
B. Gaddis
C. Dhangars
D. Sherpas

6. Which of the following statements best explains pastoral nomads?

A. The villagers who moved from one place to another
B. The people who do not have a permanent place to live in
C. The herdsman who moved from one place to another looking for pastures for their herd
D. Groups of people who moved from place to place for food.
7. In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R
(A) : At the beginning of the twentieth century, the vast majority of Russia’s people were industrialists
(R) : Industry was found in pockets. Prominent industrial areas were St Petersburg and Moscow.
Craftsmen undertook much of the
production, but large factories existed alongside craft workshop.
Mark the correct answer.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

8. In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R

A: Many saw the world through Nazi eyes, and spoke their mind through Nazi language
R: But not every German was a Nazi
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

9. According to which of the following conditions did the Raikas pattern their movements.
A. Winter and summer season
B. Monsoon and dry season
C. Autumn and spring season
D. Spring and monsoon season.

10. In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R )
(A): With the onset of the Monsoon the Dhangars left the konkan and the coastal areas with their flocks
and returned to their settlements on the dry Plateau.
(R): The sheep could not tolerate the wet monsoon conditions.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Very Short Answer Questions (2 marks)

 1. In the context of Russia explain ‘Kolkhoz’?
• Kolkhoz was a type of collective farm that was established in the Soviet Union during the
collectivization campaign.
• These farms were owned and operated by the state and were made up of groups of
peasant farmers who worked together to produce crops and livestock.
2. Write the main arguments of Lenin’s ’April Theses’?
• First, he declared that the war be brought to an end; second, he wanted the lands to be
transferred to the peasants; third, the banks had to be nationalised. These three
demands were known as Lenin’s April Theses.
3. Analyse Hitler's world view?
• Nazi ideology was synonymous with Hitler’s worldview. According to this there was no
equality between people, but only a racial hierarchy.
• In this view blond, blue-eyed, Nordic German Aryans were at the top, while Jews were
located at the lowest rung.
• Hitler approached the policy of Lebensraum ( living space) which aimed at world
domination (any two)
4. By which act did Hitler become the dictator of Germany? Write any one characteristic of it.
• Enabling Act, 1933
• This Act established dictatorship in Germany. It gave Hitler all powers to sideline
Parliament and rule by decree.
• All political parties and trade unions were banned except for the Nazi Party and its
affiliates.
5. Who were the Banjaras ? Name any two states where they were found.
• Banjaras are a well-known group of graziers. In search of good pastureland for their
cattle, they moved over long distances, selling plow cattle and other goods to villagers in
exchange for grain and fodder
• They were to be found in the villages of Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Madhya
Pradesh and Maharashtra.

Short Answer questions (3marks)

1. Explain in brief the steps taken for ‘final solution' of the undesirables.
(i) Jews were the worst sufferers in Nazi-Germany. They survived mainly through trade and
money-lending. They lived in separately marked areas called ghettos. They were often
persecuted through periodic organised violence, and expulsion from the land.
(ii) From 1933 to 1938 the Nazis terrorised, pauperised and segregated the Jews, compelling
them to leave the country.
(iii) From 1939-1945 the Nazis aimed to concentrating them in certain areas and eventually
killing them in gas chambers in Poland.

2. Analyse how Nazi propaganda was effective in creating hatred against Jews.
• Propaganda films were made to create hatred for Jews. The most infamous film was The
Eternal Jew. Orthodox Jews were stereotyped and marked.
 • They were shown with flowing beards wearing kaftans. They were referred to as vermin,
rats, and pests. Their movements were compared to those of rodents.
• Orthodox Jews were stereotyped as killers of Christ and moneylenders. Stereotypes
about Jews were popularised even through Maths classes.
• Children were taught to hate the Jews.
• The Nazi propaganda against the Jews was so effective that people felt anger and
hatred surge inside them when they saw someone who looked like a Jew.
3. Explain the seasonal cyclic movement of the Gaddi tribe.
• Gaddi shepherds lived in Himachal Pradesh. He had a cycle of seasonal movements.
• They spent their winter in the lower hills of the Shivalik range. By April, they moved
north and spent the summer in Lahaul and Spiti
4. .Analyse the main arguments of Karl Marx.
• Karl Marx was a social thinker who believed in the principle of socialism.
• He argued that the industrialists and capitalists who own the factors of production earn
profits because of the hard work put in by workers.
• The capitalists pocket the profits and do not share it
• . among workers.
5. Differentiate between the ideas of the liberals and radicals in Europe

(i) Liberals wanted a nation which tolerated all religions. In contrast, radicals wanted a nation in
which government was based on the majority of a country's population.

(ii) Liberals did not believe in universal adult franchise. They felt men of property mainly should
have the vote. But radicals opposed the privileges of great landowners and wealthy factory
owners.

(iii) Liberals did not want the vote for women. On the other hand, many radicals supported
women's suffragette movement

Long Answer questions (5 Marks)

1. Critically examine Stalin's collectivisation programme.
Stalin’s collectivisation programme:

(i)Stalin forced all peasants to cultivate in collective farms, kolkhoz. The bulk of land and
implements were transferred to the ownership of collective farms. Peasants worked on
the land, and the kolkhoz profit was shared.

(ii)Enraged peasants resisted the authorities and destroyed their livestock. Between
1929 and 1931, the number of cattle fell by one-third.

(iii)Those who resisted collectivisation were severely punished. Many were deported
and exiled.

(iv)As they resisted collectivisation, peasants argued that they were not rich and they
were not against socialism. They merely did not want to work in collective farms for a
variety of reasons.
 (v)Stalin’s government allowed some independent cultivation, but treated such
cultivators unsympathetically.
2. Explain the impact of the Russian Revolution on the world.

• The Bolsheviks encouraged the colonial people to follow their experiment.

• Many non-Russians from outside the USSR participated in the People’s Conference of
the East and the Bolshevik-founded Comintern.
• Communist parties were formed in many countries, such as the Communist Party of
Great Britain.
• Socialism gave the world a new economic system.
• During World War II, the USSR had given socialism a global face and world status.
• The prospect of a workers’ state filled the imagination of the people and the world.
• The Comintern Socialist Party was founded by the Bolsheviks.
• Some were educated at the Workers’ Union of the Communist University of the East of
the USSR.

3.“From a continent of creditors, Europe turned into one of debtors”. Analyse the statement in the
context of Europe after 1st World War.

• Treaty of Versailles: Germany was forced into unconditional surrender by the Allied Nations and
made to sign four provisions, bringing the war to an end. The four provisions were; regional re-
arrangement, downsizing the numbers of German army, giving up on gains made during the war
and limiting the power of Germany in Europe.
• Germany paid a war fine of 6.5 billion pounds after being declared a war criminal. Germany gave
away the Ruhr region to France. Mineral rich area of the Rhineland area was given to France for
a period of 15 years. Alsace and Lorrain were returned to France.
• Formation of League of Nations: League of nations was formed in order to avoid another event
like the first world war.
• Resentment and Political Changes: Socialist Russia was kept out of the League of Nations causing
resentment against the Western powers.
• Social Changes and Economic Deconstruction: War sanctions made the German economy
collapse. Women also emerged as participants in industries across Europe. The USA did not join
the League of Nations, limiting its impact on political affairs.

4. The fight for equal rights for men and women that had become part of democratic struggles
everywhere was wrong and it would destroy society”. How did the Nazis portrayed the women in a
German society.

• Many social programs were implemented by Hitler to encourage the growth of a strong German
Nazi Volk. One such programme was to advocate the virtues of motherhood. This programme
included the following features:

(i) Girls were told that they had to become good mothers, distance themselves from the Jews and look
after their homes. They should teach their children Nazi values and rear pure blooded Aryan children.

(ii) Women who bore racially desirable children were awarded with concessions in shops, theatre and
railway tickets. They were also given favoured treatment in hospitals.
(iii) Cash incentives were paid for each child born.

(iv) Such was the desire to increase the German population that in 1943, a law was discussed among
Nazi leaders that all women married or single should have four children. The father of these children
should be racially pure. Heinrich Himmler, the head of the SS was particularly keen on this idea.

(v) On the 16th December, 1938, Hitler instituted a new award to honour German Nazi motherhood,
especially the large family. The cross of Honour of the German Mother (Ehrenkreuz der deutschen
Mutter) was created in three classes from 16th December 1938, when the decoration was first
instituted, to mid 1939, Nazi mother’s crosses bore the inscription ‘Das Kind adelt die Mutter’ (The child
ennobles the mother). This award was normally presented in a blue envelope bearing the title of the
award on the front. The gold cross was presented to the woman who have produced 8 children, silver
was for 6 children and bronze was for 4 children. The award was also accompanied by a large certificate
bearing a facsimile of Hitler’s signature.

(vi) All Aryan women were publicly condemned and punished if they failed to follow the Nazi conditions.

Case based (4 marks)

1 Once in power, the Nazis quickly began to implement their dream of creating an exclusive racial
community of pure Germans by physically eliminating all those who were seen as ‘undesirable’ in the
extended empire. Nazis wanted only a society of ‘pure and healthy Nordic Aryans’. They alone were
considered ‘desirable’. Only they were seen as worthy of prospering and multiplying against all others
who were classed as ‘undesirable’. This meant that even those Germans who were seen as impure or
abnormal had no right to exist. Under the Euthanasia Programme, Helmuth’s father along with other
Nazi officials had condemned to death many Germans who were considered mentally or physically unfit.
A Who were classified as the “Undesirables”? (2)
Ans: Jews, gypsies, the physically deformed and non Aryans were categorised as “Undesirables”
B Explain the Euthanasia Programme of Nazis. (1)
Ans: Euthanasia Programme under Nazis was a systematic killing of physically challenged patients in
Germany and occupied nations
C Elucidate any one characteristic of the ‘Nordic Aryans. (1)
Ans: Characteristics of Nordic Aryans were
• Blue eyes
• Blond Hair
• Tall figure
(Any one)

Political Science.

MCQs (1Mark)
1. After the emergence of the new democratic South Africa, black leaders appealed to fellow blacks
to…..?
A. Forgive the whites for the atrocities they had committed
B. To take revenge on the whites
C. That the whites must leave the country
D. None
2. The ______ is called the soul of the Indian Constitution?
A. Legislature
B. Judiciary
C. Executive
D. Preamble

3. In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R

A: The Indian Constitution was heavily influenced by the US Constitution.
R: The framers of the Indian Constitution were inspired by the ideas of liberty, equality, and democracy
enshrined in the US Constitution.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
4. Assertion: The Indian Constitution provides for a separation of powers among the three branches
of government.
Reason: A separation of powers helps to prevent the concentration of power in any one branch of
government.
a) (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
5. Assertion: When British left India there were five hundred princely states in India
Reason: Princely States themselves initiated the process of integration of India.
a) (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
6. Which of these is not a feature of Indian democracy?
a) India has the largest number of voters in the world
b) India's election Commission is very powerful
C) In India everyone above the age of 18 has the right to vote
d) In India, the losing party refuses to accept the verdict.

7 Shri Rajiv Kumar is the new CEC of India since 2023. He was appointed by_____.
 a) Shri Narendra Modi
b) Shrimati Draupadi Murmu
c) The Chief Justice of India
d) Parliament.
8 Assertion: All democratic nations hold elections.
Reason: Any country which holds elections is democratic.
(a)(A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

9 Assertion: Elections are all about political competition.

Reason: Electoral competition has many demerits
(a)(A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
10. Assertion: common people in India gives less importance to elections
Reason: They believe that their votes matters in the way things run in the country.
(a)(A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

F
short answer questions (2 marks)
1 Describe a constituency?
• Constituency is an area whose voters elect a representative to a legislative body.
2. “ Our Constitution entitles every citizen to elect her/his representative and to be elected as a
representative.” How did our Constitution makers ensured this?
• The Constitution has provided the weaker sections like SCs and STs with reservation in
constituency.
• In a SC reserved constituency only someone who belongs to the Scheduled Castes can stand for
election.
3. Analyse the importance of Electoral Roll?
Ans: Electoral roll or Voters list ensures that the resident of a constituency can vote for his/her own
constituency only.
4. Discuss the role of the African National Congress fight against Apartheid?
• The African National Congress, a group of people who led the struggle against the system of
apartheid. Dr. Nelson Mandela was their leader.
• The struggle got intensified under his leadership. He fought the apartheid system for several
years. Finally, the system was abolished in 1994 and South Africa became a democratic county
in which people of all races were considered equal.
5. Constitution of a country reflects the country. Justify the statement
• A constitution provides the basis for governance in a country, which is essential to making sure
that everyone's interests and needs are addressed. It determines how laws are made, and
details the process by which the government rules
• It represents the consensus of the people of the country and hence reflects the opinions of the
citizen of the country

6. Study the given graph and draw a comparison between UK and India's turnout figure.
• People’s participation in election is usually measured by voter turnout figures. Turnout
indicates the per cent of eligible voters who actually cast their vote. Over the last fifty years,
the turnout in Europe and North America has declined. In India the turnout has either
remained stable or actually gone up.

Short Answer Question ( 3 marks)

1 Highlight on the implications of Apartheid in South Africa.

Answer:
Apartheid was the name of a system of racial discrimination unique to South Africa.
Implications:

• White Europeans imposed this system on South Africa.

• White rulers treated non-whites as inferiors.
• Non-whites did not have right to vote. They were forbidden to live in white areas. They
were allowed to work there only with permit.
• Trains, buses, hospitals, schools, cinemas, public places and public toilets were all
separate for the whites and blacks

2. “ Indian Constitution adopted many institutional details and procedures from different countries.”
Justify by giving examples
• India adopted the principle of liberty, freedom and justice from the French Constitution.
 • We have adopted bill of Rights from the United States of America.
• The practice of Parliamentary democracy has been adopted from Great Britain.
3. Indian Constitution is both rigid and flexible.” Do you agree with the statement? Give reasons.
• The Indian Constitution is neither wholly rigid nor wholly flexible.
This is called rigid because some ideals in the constitution like equality, secularism, democracy,
sovereignity etc. cannot be changed. This is because the rulers could not misuse their powers.

• On the other hand, it is also called flexible because there is a provision for amendments. Some
of the articles can be changed if the people demand so.

• That is, there are some rules that can be amended by a simple majority while some need two-
third majority. So. it is, called partly rigid and partly flexible.

4. In the following cases identify whether the ‘Code of Conduct' is followed.

• A minister flags off a new train in his constituency a week before polling day.
• A candidate promises that she will get a new train for her constituency if she is elected.
Which body in India formulates these ‘Code of Conduct'?
Ans
• In the first case the code of conduct is not being followed because according to it a candidate
cannot lay foundation to any projects after the election campaigns have been announced.
• The code of conduct is not being followed here because according to it a candidate cannot
make promises on providing public facilities after the announcement of elections
• The Election commission formulates the Code of conduct in India.

5 Highlight on the key powers of the Election Commission.

• EC takes decisions on every aspect of conduct and control of elections from the announcement
of elections to the declaration of results.
• It implements the Code of Conduct and punishes any candidate or party that violates it.
• During the election period, the EC can order the government to follow some guidelines, to prevent
use and misuse of governmental power to enhance its chances to win elections, or to transfer some
government officials.
• When on election duty, government officers work under the control of the EC and not the
government.

Long answer question (5 Marks)

1.
Analyse the given picture and give the demerits of the electoral politics.
Ans:
• Candidates and parties with a lot of money may not be sure of their victory but they do enjoy a
big and unfair advantage over smaller parties and independents.
• In some parts of the country, candidates with criminal connection have been able to push
others out of the electoral race and to secure a ‘ticket’ from major parties
• Some families tend to dominate political parties; tickets are distributed to relatives from these
families.
• Very often elections offer little choice to ordinary citizens, for both the major parties are
quite similar to each other both in policies and practice.
• Smaller parties and independent candidates suffer a huge disadvantage compared to bigger
parties

2. Explain any five conditions for free and fair elections.

• One vote one value: Everyone should be able to choose. This means that everyone should have
one vote and every vote should have equal value.
• Multiple choices: There should be something to choose from. Parties and candidates should be
free to contest elections and should offer some real choice to the voters.
• Choice at regular interval: The choice should be offered at regular intervals. Elections must be
held regularly after every few years.
• All should have equal chance of winning: The candidate preferred by the people should get
elected.
• Free and fair elections: Elections should be conducted in a free and fair manner where people
can choose as they really wish.

3. “ If elections are not free and fair, then the outcome always favours the powerful”. In the case of India
how can we contradict the statement?
• We can contradict the statement by observing the following outcomes of the elections in India
• The ruling parties routinely lose elections in India both at the national and state level. In fact in
every two out of the three elections held in the last 25 years, the ruling party lost.
• In the US, an incumbent or ‘sitting’ elected representative rarely loses an election. In India
about half of the sitting MPs or MLAs lose elections.
• Candidates who are known to have spent a lot of money on ‘buying votes’ and those with
known criminal connections often lose elections.
• Barring very few disputed elections, the electoral outcomes are usually accepted as ‘people’s
verdict’ by the defeated party.
Case Based (4 marks)

As far back as in 1928, Motilal Nehru and eight other Congress leaders drafted a constitution for India. In
1931, the resolution at the Karachi session of the Indian National Congress dwelt on how independent
India’s constitution should look like. Both these documents were committed to the inclusion of universal
adult franchise, right to freedom and equality and to protecting the rights of minorities in the
constitution of independent India. Thus some basic values were accepted by all leaders much before the
Constituent Assembly met to deliberate on the Constitution.
A How many members were there in the Constituent Assembly? (1)
Ans: 299
B in the Constitution drafted by Motilal Nehru and Karachi Session of INC which provisions was
commonly agreed? (2)
Ans: In both the documents the common provisions were universal adult franchise, right to freedom and
equality and protecting the rights of the minorities
C Write the dates of first drafting of the Constitution of India and the Karachi Session. (1)
Ans: First drafting of the constitution- 1928
Karachi session- 1931.