LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM

ADEQUACY AUDIT PRESENTATION

AT
RCCPL, MAIHAR
8.07.2019
 V
________________________________________________________________________

Industry Leader in
Earthing & Lightning T S Team with 400+ Years
of Electrical
Protection Solutions
E E Engineering Expertise

C R First Company to
25 Successful Years
of Service to H V Offer Services
through World
Electrical Industry in
India and Abroad N I Renowned CDEGS
Software
I C
Privileged to have
most major C E
PAN India Network
corporates as A S
Customers
L

alue +
 ONE STOP SOLUTION FOR
ELECTRICAL PROBLEMS
________________________________________________________________________

Name: AS Ravishankar
Contac Mobile: +91 99002 90963
t Email: ravishankar@jeftechno.
com
 Choose Wisely
Risk
Risk Management
Risk Mitigation Risk Avoidance
 NEED FOR
LPS ADEQUACY AUDIT
________________________________________________________________________

 Whether lightning protection system is provided for all the structures in the facility to
mitigate the risk from Radidated and Conducted Surges.

 If provided, to which standard they conform to?

 If they conform to IS 2309 or NFC 17-102, then they are invalid.

 IS 2309 has been superseded by IS / IEC 62305 (From Dec. 2015)

 NFC 17-102 is not approved by NBC 2016.
 IS / IEC 62305 is the latest Indian Standard for Lightning Protection.
 NBC 2016 embraces IS/IEC 62305
 CEA 2016 draft specifies LPS as per IS/IEC 62305

 All structures need to be protected against lightning as per IS / IEC 62305.

 First step towards this, is to conduct a LPS adequacy audit and collect all relevant
data for each and every structure / building in the facility.
 MITIGATION OF
RADIATED SURGES
________________________________________________________________________

The data collected during the audit has to be entered in the Risk Assessment
Software to know whether a particular structure needs protection or not.

This is done in the Risk Assessment Software by comparing the Calculated Risk
against the Tolerable Risk given in the IEC 62305 - 2 standard.

If the Calculated Risk is more than the Tolerable Risk levels, then Lightning Protection
is needed for the structure.

The Level of Protection - ranging from Level 4 to Level 1 - is arrived at by way of a

step by step iterative process, till we reach a level where Calculated Risk becomes
lower than the Tolerable Risk Level.
 MITIGATION OF
CONDUCTED SURGES
________________________________________________________________________

Surge Protection Devices (SPD) as per - Lightning Protection Zone (LPZ) need to be
selected to bring down the calculated risk associated with conducted surges below the
tolerable level.

This involves

Installation of Class I + II SPD at Main Distribution Board (MDB).

Installation of Class II SPD at Sub Distribution Boards (SDB) in addition to Class I + II

SPD at MDB.

Installation of Class III SPD at the power input side of equipment in addition to Class I
+ II and Class II SPDs as mentioned above.

Installation of SPD for all Power, Data and Instrumentation lines in addition to all the
above.

In short porividing SPDs for all Incoming, Outgoing, Power and Data Lines except Fibre
Optic Type A Cable.
 ADDITIONAL
MITIGATION TECHNIQUES
________________________________________________________________________

After providing protection for radiated surges by way of external Lightning Protection
System and protection for Conducted surges by way of internal Surge Protection
Devices, if the Calculated Risk is still more than the Tolerable limit, other protection
techniques either one or more of the following have to be provided.

Equi-potential bonding
Warning Notices
Automatic or Manual Fire protection techniques.

If still the calculated risk is more, one or more of the following Best Engineering
Practices have to be adopted

Having buried cables, instead of overhead lines.

Using own transformer within the premises instead of a direct LV connection from
utility.
Using Armoured or Shielded cable instead of unarmoured or unshileded cable.
Proper termination of shielded cables with double compression cable glands.
Better cable laying and routing techniques.
 IS/IEC 62305
________________________________________________________________________

IEC 62305 – 1 IEC 62305 – 3

Protection against lightning Protection against lightning
Part 1: General principles Part 3: Physical damage to
structures and life hazard

IEC 62305 – 2 IEC 62305 – 4

Protection against lightning Protection against lightning
Part 2: Risk management Part 4: Electrical and electronic
systems within structures
 IMPROVEMENTS IN IS/IEC 62305
________________________________________________________________________

Scope Structure, Living Beings, Equipment

Risk Management Need for Protection, Level of protection &

Cost Effectiveness

Level of Protection Four Levels- I, II, III, IV

Design Methodology Angle, MESH & Rolling Sphere

Testing Test Protocol for Components

Earthing & Bonding Detailed Guidelines

Internal Protection Guidelines for Surge Protection

 LPS ADEQUACY AUDIT WORK FLOW
________________________________________________________________________
 CRITICAL DATA
________________________________________________________________________

The input data follows Pareto principle (80 20 rule) where in 20% of the input data
are critical and directly impacts the results of the risk assessment in turn the level
of protection and BOQ there of.

The inputs that fall under this 20% are:

• Contents in the structure with respect to risk of fire/explosion - Low / Medium /

High
• Fire protecion measures - No Provision / Manual / Automatic
• Collection Area
• Location Factor.
• Occupancy in the structure.
• Number of functional hours in the structure.
• Special hazard - Panic level during evacuation.
• Strucutre Floor Type - Concrete / Marble / Carpet.
 LIGHTNING SOURCES
OF DAMAGE
________________________________________________________________________
 RISK ASSESSMENT
________________________________________________________________________

The riskR is the value of a probable average annual loss. For each type of loss which
may appear in a structure or in a service, the relevant risk shall be evaluated. The risks
to be evaluated in a structure may be as follows:

•R 1: risk of loss of human life or permanent injury

•R 2: risk of loss of service to the public

•R 3: risk of loss of cultural heritage

•R4 : risk of loss of economic value

 RISK OF
TOUCH AND STEP POTENTIALS
________________________________________________________________________
 LIGHTNING PROTECTION METHODS
________________________________________________________________________

Protection Angle Method

Mesh Method

Rolling Sphere Method

 LIGHTNING PROTECTION METHODS
________________________________________________________________________

Comparison

Type of structures
Complex shaped
Simple structures Plane structures
structures
Protection Method

Protection angle x
Mesh method x x

Rolling sphere method

This method is not suitable for structures higher than the radius of the rolling sphere relevant to the
selected protection level of the LPS
 LIGHTNING PROTECTION METHODS
________________________________________________________________________

Protection Angle method as per IS/IEC 62305

 LIGHTNING PROTECTION METHODS
________________________________________________________________________

Mesh method as per IS/IEC 62305

 LIGHTNING PROTECTION METHODS
________________________________________________________________________

Rolling Sphere method as per IS/IEC 62305

IMAGINARY
Imaginary Sphere
SPHERE
Provide
PROVIDEAT whereSPHERE
AT WHERE Sphere touches
TOUCHES THE
BUILDING
building
SPHERE RADIUS = STRIKE
Sphere Radius = Strike Distance
DISTANCE
LEVEL
Level I - RADIUS20
I – Radius 20 Mtrs
METERS
LEVEL
Level II – IIRadius
- RADIUS30
30 Mtrs
METERS

Level III –IIIRadius

LEVEL - RADIUS45
45 Mtrs
METERS
Level IV –IVRadius
LEVEL - RADIUS60
60 Mtrs
METERS
 LIGHTNING PROTECTION METHODS
________________________________________________________________________

Rolling Sphere method as per IS/IEC 62305

 LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM
- ELEMENTS
________________________________________________________________________

AIR TERMINAL TO INTERCEPT

Air Terminal toLIGHTNING
Intercept Lightning Strike

Down DOWN CONDUCTOR

Conductor- - CONDUCT
Conduct THE
the lightning
current LIGHTNING CURRENT

EARTHING - DISSIPATE THE LIGHTNING

Earthing - Dissipate the lightning current
CURRENT

EquiEQUIPOTENTIAL
potential Bonding - Prevent
BONDING Dangerous
- PREVENTS
Sparking DANGEROUS SPARKING
 AIR TERMINALS
________________________________________________________________________

VERTICAL
Vertical Rods
RODS

MESH
Mesh conductors
CONDUSTORS

CATENARY
Catenary wires
WIRES

Natural NATURAL
Components
COMPONENTS
 DOWN CONDUCTOR
________________________________________________________________________

INTERCONNECTION BETWEEN AT & EARTH

Interconnection TERMINAL
btw AT & Earth Terminal

PROVIDE MULTIPLE
Provides Multiple
PATH Path

Shall
SHALLbe
BEas
ASshort
SHORTasAS
possible
POSSIBLE

Natural
NATURALcomponents
COMPONENTS

CONDUCTOR SPACING
ConductorLEVEL
Spacing - Level
 DOWN CONDUCTOR
________________________________________________________________________
Distance between down-conductors according to the
class / level of protection

Class of LPS Distance between down – conductors ( Mtr )

I 10

II 10

III 15

IV 20
 EARTHING SYSTEM
________________________________________________________________________

Dissipates Lightning
DISSIPATES Current
LIGHTNING CURRENT

Desire Resistance
DESIRE < 10<Ohms
RESISITANCE 10 OHMS

INTERCONNECTION
Interconnection WITHEarth
with other OTHER EARTH
System
SYSTEM
 EARTHING SYSTEM
________________________________________________________________________

Earthing Termination
System
Type – A Earthing Arrangement

Type – B Earthing
Arrangement
EARTHING SYSTEM - TYPE A
• Type A arrangement
• In structures where only electrical systems are provided, a Type A
earthing arrangement may be used,but a Type B earthing
arrangement is preferable. (NBC - 2016, Clause - 11.5.3.3)
• Connection of down-conductor to a Type A earthing is allowed only in
case of space constraints or existing buildings, where installation is
difficult.(NBC - 2016, Clause - 11.5.3.3)
 EARTHING SYSTEM - TYPE A
________________________________________________________________________

Length of the earth electrode depends on the soil resistivity and class of LPS, For Type A
minimum number of earth electrodes should be 2.

In structures where only electrical systems are provided, a Type A earthing arrangement
may be used, but a Type B earthing arrangement is preferable.
 EARTHING SYSTEM - TYPE A
________________________________________________________________________
 EARTHING SYSTEM - TYPE B
________________________________________________________________________

This type of arrangement comprises a ring

conductor external to the structure to be protected,
in contact with the soil for at least 80 percent of its
total length
 TYPE B - EARTHING
________________________________________________________________________
 GLOBAL EARTHING
________________________________________________________________________
Earth Electrodes so provided shall be interconnected to reduce earth resistance

IS 3043
IS/IEC 62305
IEC 61000-5-2
IEEE 142
 ELECTRONIC & ELECTRICAL
EQUIPMENT
________________________________________________________________________

Steady State Fuse/MCB/Stabilizer/UPS/Isolation Transformer/

Filter
Error

Radiated
Surges
LPS Electronic
Lightning
Surges /
10/350 µS

Electrical
Conducted
SPDs
Transient Error Surges
Equipment

Switching
Surges
8/20 µS
 ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT FAILURES
________________________________________________________________________

Present day electronic failures are mainly due to two major factors

Harmonics - Steady State Errors

Surges - Transient Errors

A Power Quality Harmonic Audit is also recommended to ensure that there are no
problems related to steady state errors.

This is a relatively easier and economical Audit.

Once the Power Quality Harmonic Audit is done and found that they are with in tolerable
limits, the other reason for failure is surges.

Typically in an industry such failures happen in electro-mechanical equipment and

Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines.

This is due to the sequence of movement of many components which create lot of
surges to the sensitive electronic circuits.
 SURGE PROTECTION DEVICES - SPD
________________________________________________________________________

Equipment at the
feed point of the Protection level or required design
installation impulse voltage in a 230/400 volt
Equipment as a
6 part of the fixed network
6 kV installation
kV
T a rg e t

Equipment to be
4 kV connected to the
4 fixed installation Equipment
requiring special
3 2.5 kV protection
2 1.5 kV

IV III II I

Class I+II Class I+ II Class II

E.g. Main E.g. sub-distribution E.g.

distribution board board final load
July 08, 2019 Jef- KVV 35
 SPD FOR SPECIAL EQUIPMENT
________________________________________________________________________
Have you faced problem in any of the below in the last 3 years?
A) 3 phase drive (especially IGBT failure)
B) UPS (especially IGBT failure)
C) EPABX card
D) Modem/Router/Switches
E) SMPS of PC.
F) EPROM Corruption.
G) Tripping of drive
H) Any other electronic card failure- viz- PLC/DCS/RTU etc… I/O,
Power supply & Communication card...
IF YES, INSTALL SPDs to REDUCE FAILURES TO A GREAT EXTENT !!!!
 LIVE STREAMING PROCESS
________________________________________________________________________
PLANT DATA Bangalore Control Room
TRANSMISSION

DATA
RECEIVER

DATA
ANALYSIS

REPORT
SUBMISSION
LIVE STREAMING REAL TIME
DATA
COLLECTION
An innovative solution for Technical Services
 AUDIT METHODOLOGY
________________________________________________________________________
Observations on the Existing Lightning Protection System (LPS) - including LPS
Earthing
Improvement / Modification of Existing Lightning Protection System.
Risk Assessment of Every Structure (if they are non-hazardous & non-explosive).
Arrive at Level of Protection for Each Structure - Internal / External.
Level 1 is the Highest Level of Protection and Level 4 is the Lowest Level of
Protection.
Based on the Level of Protection - Lightning Protection System Design will be done.
 OUR VALUED CUSTOMERS
________________________________________________________________________
 OUR VALUED CUSTOMERS
________________________________________________________________________
 TECHNICAL SERVICES
________________________________________________________________________