M.

ELKADAOUI
Relative Reference
‫الترجمة‬ Examples
Pronoun : ‫يعود على‬
The person who is reading the
Person ‫الشخص‬ newspaper is my father
‫الرجل الذي يقرأ الجريدة هو أبي‬
This is the person whom I told you
Person ‫الشخص‬ about
‫هذا هو الشخص الذي أخبرتك عنه‬
Objects / ‫الذي‬ The mobile phone which I bought
Animals - ‫حيوان‬ / is made in China
‫الهاتف الذي اشتريته صنع في الصين‬
‫جماد‬
‫التي‬ This is the school where I studied.
Place ‫المكان‬ ‫هذه المدرسة التي درست فيها‬

8h is the time when I study

Time ‫الزمان‬ English.
‫الثامنة هو الوقت الذي أدرس فيه االنجليزية‬
The person whose hat is black is
my friend
‫الشخص ذو القبعة السوداء هو صديقي‬

Possessive
‫ذو‬ The book whose cover is blue has
been recently released
/
‫الملكية‬ ‫الكتاب ذو الغالف االزرق صدر حديثا‬
‫صاحب‬ Mr Bean whose movies are funny
is British
‫ميستر بين صاحب االفالم المضحكة هو‬
‫بريطاني‬

Quick & Important Rules ‫قواعد سريعة ومهمة‬

Who + Verb
( e.g who reads)
Whom + Subject + Verb
( e.g whom I told you … )
Which + Verb
( e.g which is black )
When + Subject + Verb
( e.g when I start )
Who + Subject + Verb
( e.g who I respect )
Which + Subject + Verb
( e.g which I like )
Where + Subject + verb
( e.g Where I study )
Whose + Subject + verb
( e.g Whose movies … )
N.B. We can’t use whose before subject pronouns
( I/You/... ) e.g whose I : Incorrect