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o Openings:
EXTERNAL GENERATIVE ORGANS - Urethra
I. VULVA aka PUDENDA - Vagina
Mons Pubis - 2 Bartholin Gland Ducts
o Aka Mons Veneris - 2 Skene (Paraurethral) Gland Ducts
o Fat filled o Fossa Navicularis- between the fourchette
o Hair forms the escutcheon and vagina; found ONLY in nulliparas
Labia Majora o Urethral opening is below the pubic arch
o Homoloogue of Scrotum and above the vaginal opening
o Round ligaments terminate at the upper
boprders of the Labia majora
o No hair on the inner surface Glands Description/Function
o Apocrine, Eccrine and Sebaceous glands Bartholins - Aka Greater
are abundant Vestibular Gland
o Rich in elastic and adipose tissue - Inferior to the
vascular vestibular
Labia Minora
bulb
o Homologue of ventral shaft of the penis
- 5’ and 7 ‘oclock on
o Divides into lamellae
the vestibule
o Fusion of lamella forms the frenulum of
the clitoris and the upper merge to form
Minor Vestibular Lined by simple mucin
the prepuce
secreting epithelium
o Also forms the fourchette
and open along the
o HART LINE hart line
- Medial- squamouse non keratinized Skene -open along the
epithelium (Paraurethral) inferior aspect of the
o No hair follicles, eccrine and apocrine urethra
glands Lie distally near the
o Numerous Sebaceous glands urethral meatus
Clitoris -inflammation can
o Prinicipal female erogenous organ lead to urethral
o Homologue of Penis diverticulum
o Glans- stratified Squamous formation
o Body
- 2 corpora cavernosa II. VAGINA AND HYMEN
o Blood Supply Hymen
- From Internal pudendal Artery o Elastic and Collagenous connective
Deep Artery of Clitoris- Body Tissue
Dorsal Artery of Clitoris- Glans o Non-keratinized Stratified Squamous
and Prepuce Epithelium
Vestibule o Imperforate Hymen- accumulation of
o Fom urogenital membrane menstrual blood
o Almond shape o Pregnant Woman- thick and collagen
o Border: rich
- Lateral- hart Line o Hymeneal or Myrtiform caruncles-
- Medial- External Surface of Hymen Multipara women
- Anterior- Frenulum Vagina
- Posterior- Fourchette
3|Williams Maternal Anatomy24th Ed
o External- distal to the pectinate Dissection caudally within thespace lifts the
lines; stratified squamous bladder off the lower uterine segment for
epithelium; painful hysterectomy
o Internal- above the dentate line, Pear Shaped
covered in insensitive anorectal Upper Triangle- Body or Corpous
mucosa; Painful only if it becomes Lower Cylindrical Shape- Cervix
thrombosed or necrotic Isthmus- union of the two parts; forms the
Anal Sphincter Complex lower uterine segment during pregnancy
o Internal Anal Sphincter (IAS) Uterine Cornu Origin of fallopian tube and
Continuation of rectal circular origin of round and uterovarian ligaments
smooth muscle layer Fundus- between the points of fallopian tube
Parasympathetic fiber insertion and the convex upper uterine
Superior, Middle and Inferior segment
Arteries Uterine Body- muscle
Contributes the bulk of anal Pregnancy stimulates remarkable uterine
canal resting pressure for fecal growth due to muscle fiber hypertrophy
continence Cervix
o External Anal Sphincter (EAS) Fusiform
Striated muscle ring Upper boundary: Internal Os
Ant Attachment: Perineal Body o Level @ which peritoneum is
Post. Attachment: Coccyx reflectd up onto the bladder
Maintains constant resting o Portio Supravaginalis- above
contraction vagina’s attachment to the
Inferior Rectal Artery- (Int. cervix; covered by
Pudendal Art) peritoneum; wehere the
cardinal ligaments attach
PUDENDAL NERVE o Portio Vagionalis- lower
S2-S4 Ant. Rami cervical portion which
Exits: Greater Sciatic Formaen protrudes to the vagina
Ischial Spines serves as landmark for o Ectocervix- exterior to the
Pudendal Nerve Block EOS- nonkeratinized
Lies within the Alcock’s Canal splitting squamous epithelium
of the obturator internus investing o Endocervis- single layer pof
fascia mucin secreting columnar
epithelium
INTERNAL GENERATIVE ORGANS Eversion- endocervix
moves out and onto the
1. Uterus
ectocervix
Situated between the bladder (ant) and
o Chadwick Sign-blue tinit
rectum (post)
o Goodell Sign- cervical edema
Entire posterior wall is covered by
softening
serosa- VISCERAL PERITONEUM
o Hegar Sign- Isthmic softening
Lower portion of peritoneum Pouch
of Douglas MYOMETRIUM
SMOOTH MUSCLE BUNDLE
Anterior wall is united to the posterior
Living Ligature- interlacing fibers
wall Vesicouterine space
that surround myometrial vessels
and contract to compress these,
5|Williams Maternal Anatomy24th Ed
PELVIS
Variety de
Shape AP Oval Flat Bowl Mentovertical Partial / Brow
AP DIameter ONLY pelvis TD >>>APD Submentovertical Inc. / Face
in which Submentobregmatic Comp. / Face
APD >TD **Brow presentation always CS is done
Subpubic
Angle
Outcome -Diameter of -Head engages Engaging Diameters
Engagement in TD with Presentation AP Cms
is APD marked Vertex Suboccipitobregmatic 9.5
-Mc asynctitism Brow Mentovertical 14
Position: -Engaging Face Submento bregmatic 9.5
Occipito- diameter is Submentovertical 11.5
Posterior supersub
- parietal TYPES OF CONTRACTED PELVIS
Nonrotation diameter
is common (18.5cm) Type Etiology Feature
instead of usual Rachitic Rickets -Reniform
BPD (9.5) Shape of Inlet
Marked
Type of Face to -If head is able shortening of
Delivery Pubes to negotiate the APD w/o
inlet by means affecting TD
of asynclitism -Flat Sacrum
Normal labor -Widening of
otherwise CS TD of outlet
TRANSVERSE DIAMETER and arch
Triradiate Osteomalacia -Triradiate
“Miss Tina So Pretty” Severe Rickets shape of Inlet
M- biMastoid- 7.5cm in Adults -tuberosities
T- biTemporal-8cm are closer and
S- Super Subparietal Diameter- 8.5cm arch is
P- biParietal Diameter- 9.5cm narrower
-short sacrum
**APD of the skull are always bigger than TD with coccyx
** The longest APD of Fetal skull- pushed
Mentovertical- 14cm forward
The 2nd longest AP diameter is Naegeles Congenital One ALA is
Submentovertical/Occipitofrontal- 11.5cm Osteitis of SI jt absent
Mode of
Delivery: CS
AP Diameters of the Fetal Skull Roberts Both ala
Diameters Attitude Presentation absent
of the
Head
Suboccipitobregmatic Comp. Vertex
Suboccipitofrontal Inc. Vertex
Occipitofrontal Marked Vertex
10 | W i l l i a m s M a t e r n a l A n a t o m y 2 4 t h E d