FRITZ

GRAMMAR 1: Articles, Nouns,

Pronouns, Verbals
Articles – the, a, an
(ART+NOUN)
- Special adjective (ADJ+NOUN)
- Definite – THE ANIMAL/S,
THE PLANT/S  SINGULAR/
PLURAL  SPECIFIC
I would like the cake.
X PROPER NOUN: I would like
to go to the SM.
 *** COMMON NOUN: I would
like to go to the mall.

- Indefinite – SINGULAR
- A/ AN – A plant, An animal,
An honest student  NOUNS
 NON-SPECIFIC/ ANY/
ASSUMPTION: LISTENER
DOES NOT KNOW WHICH
SPECIFIC ITEM YOU’RE
REFERRING TO.
- I would like a cake.
NO ARTICLE IS NEEDED:
NOUN IS USED IN A GENERAL
CONTEXT: I like cakes.
Humans are innately generous
beings.
Global warming affects the
temperature worldwide.
NOUNS – names of person,
place, object, concept, idea

+Proper Noun – specific

names, capitalization - Fritz
+Common Noun – non
specific names, lecturer

=Concrete – table, chair

=Abstract – anger, success,
hardwork (suffix – tion, -
ment, -gy, -nce, -ian, -st, -ty)
*Countable – concrete,
tangible, singular or plural
*Non countable – abstract,
singular

} Regular -s/-es
} Irregular -us -i/ -ion  -ia/
-um  -a, no change
(equipment, furniture,
information)
$ Collective – senate,
government, herd, flock,
group, committee, team

# Gerund – verbals -ING

Swimming is my favorite
sport.
# Infinitive – verbals – TO +
BASE FORM OF THE VERB
I want chicken.
I want to eat.

Ervin attends classes at Niner.

IN A SENTENCE:
1. Subject
Happiness is everyone’s
main objective in life.
2. Object of the Verb (V+O)
The government funded
the projects of the LGU.
3. Object of the Preposition
(P+O)
The project was funded by
the government.
WITH ARTICLES:
Countable: The (S OR P), A (S),
An (S)
Noncountable: The (S), No
article

PRONOUNS – replacement of
nouns (Subject, Object of
Verb, Object of Preposition)
He teaches grammar.
The student submitted it this
morning.
The lecturer is talking to
them.
Pronoun-Antecedent
Agreement

Carlo…. He, his, you

TYPES OF PRONOUNS:
1. Personal –
*Number (Singular or
Plural)
Singular: I, me, you, he, his,
him, her, she, your
Plural: we, us, you, your,
they, them, their

st nd rd
*Person (1 , 2 , 3 )
1st P – I, me, my, we, us,
our
nd
X 2 P – you, your
3rd P – He, his, him, she,
her, they, them, their
 *Case (Nominative,
Objective, Possessive)
Nominative (SUBJECT): I,
we, he, she, they, you
Objective (OBJV; OBJP):
me, us, him, her, them, you
Possessive (ownership): my,
our, his, her, their, your

2. Relative Pronoun –
Relative Clause (addtl
info)/ who, whom,
 whose, which, that,
when, where
Ervin, who is my friend, attends
classes at Niner, which is located
in QC.

Which – descriptive (The laptop

which I am using)
That – specific (The laptop that I
am using)
WHO – HE - Nominative
(Subject)
WHOM – HIM - Objective (ObjP,
ObjV)
Ervin, who lives in QC,
attends classes at Niner,
which is located along Qav.
RUN ON:
Ervin attends classes at
Niner, which is located in
QC.
 3. Demonstrative
Near Far
Singular This That
Plural These Those
4. Reflexive – subject and
object are referring to the
same person/object
I am taking care of myself.
5. Indefinite – non-specific –
many
S P S or P
-one, - Many, Some, all,
body, few, none, %,
every, several, fractions
each, any, both,
another other