Nervous System

the master controlling and

communicating system of the body

Stimuli (Stimulus) - the changes that occurs

both inside and outside of the body
Sensory Input - gathered information

MAJOR DIVISIONS

1. Central Nervous 2. Peripheral Nervous

System System
a.) Brain Cerebrum a.) Somatic Nervous
*Frontal Lobe System
*Parietal Lobe Spinal Nerves
*Occipital Lobe Cranial Nerves
*Temporal Lobe
Cerebellum
b.) Autonomic Nervous
Brain Stem System
*Midbrain Sympathetic
*Pons Parasympathetic
*Medulla

b.) Spinal Cord

 Central Nervous
System serves as the main
processing center for
the entire nervous
system
TWO MAIN COMPONENTS
a.) Brain an organ located within the skull that
functions as
organizer and distributor of
information for the body
Cerebrum : largest part of human brain
-It is responsible for thought, language, senses,
and memory

LOBES IN CEREBRUM
1. Frontal Lobe 2. Parietal Lobe
*located in front *located at the center
*responsible for *processes the
expressive language, information sent to the
reasoning, higher level brain by the tactile senses
cognition, and motor like pain, pressure and
skills touch
*any damage to it can *any damage to it can
lead to changes of cause problems with
socialization, attention, language, ability of
sexual habits, etc. controlling eye gaze, and
verbal memory
 3. Occipital Lobe 4. Temporal Lobe
*located at the back *located at the bottom
*responsible for *forming memories and
interpreting the processing the sounds
information being sent to being recorded by the
the brain by the eyes ears
*If it is damaged, your *any damage to it can
visual ability will be cause problem with
affected, like unable to language skills, speech
recognize colors, words perception, and memory
and objects

Cerebellum : at base of brain

-It is responsible for muscle coordination,
balance, and posture
Brain Stem : connects brain to spinal cord
-It is responsible for breathing, swallowing,
heartbeat, and blood pressure

PARTS OF BRAIN STEM

Midbrain
- It is located at the mouth of the brain stem
-It controls functions like body movement, hearing,
vision and eye movement.
 Pons
-It is responsible for performing sensory analysis and
controlling motor function and the information
coming to the brain from the ears enters the pons
first
-It is responsible for sleep and maintaining levels of
consciousness
Medulla
-It is located in between the spinal cord and the pons
-The tail-end of the brain stem and controls vital body
functions like heart rate and breathing

this serves as a channel for

b.) Spinal Cord signals between the brain and
the rest of the body and
controls simple
musculosketal reflexes without
input from the brain

Peripheral Nervous
System connects the nervous
system to the organs and
limbs
 a.) Somatic this system is associated
Nervous System with the voluntary control
of body movements

TWO MAIN PARTS OF SOMATIC

Spinal Nerves NS
-the nerves that carry motor and sensory
signals between the spinal cord and the body
Cranial Nerves
-the nerves that carry information into and
out of the brain stem

this system is associated

b.) Autonomic with the involuntary
Nervous System control of body
movements

TWO SUBDIVISIONS OF AUTONOMIC NS

Sympathetic
-It is activated when the body is in a dynamic role
or stress. (eg, increased heart rate and breathing,
sweating etc. )
Parasympathetic
-It maintains body functions and restores the
body to normal or relaxed mode
 MAJOR DIVISIONS

CENTRAL PERIPHERAL
NERVOUS NERVOUS
SYSTEM SYSTEM

MAIN COMPONENTS MAIN DIVISIONS

SPINAL SOMATIC AUTONOMIC

BRAIN NERVOUS NERVOUS
CORD SYSTEM SYSTEM

MAIN
PARTS MAIN
PARTS SUBDIVISIONS

CEREBELLUM

SPINAL
NERVES
CEREBRUM SYMPATHETIC
CRANIAL
NERVES
BRAIN STEM

PARASYMPATHETIC
Functions of the Nervous System
Control center for all body activities
Responds and adapts to changes that occur both
inside and outside the body (eg., pain, temperature,
pregnancy )

Dendrites

is the basic unit of

Nerve Cell the nervous system
*They are also called NEURON
*There are billions of neurons in the body
Cell Body
ANATOMY OF A NEURON
Cell Body - each neuron has a cell
body with a nucleus
Axon
Dendrites - carry impulses toward
the cell body
Axons - carry impulses away from
the cell body

PROBLEMS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

Concussion
-temporary disturbance of the brain's ability to
function due to a hard blow to the head
Paralysis
-loss of sensation and movement of part of the body
due to an injury of the spinal cord or brain
 Parkinson's Disease
-the brain does not produce enough of the
neurotransmitter that transmits messages from the
brain to the muscles
-symptoms : rigid muscles, shuffling walk, and loss of
facial expression
Alzheimer's Disense
-a gradual shrinking of the neurons in the cerebrum
-symptoms : memory loss, emotional disturbances,
inability to function on own, death
Epilepsy
-abnormal transmission of messages between the
neurons in the brain