THE PHILOSOPHY OF of disease

2. The body is a material entity, not unlike a machine

INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE with clockwork mechanisms
3. The opposite cures
COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE 4. Only methods found to be effective through rigorous
scientific study are appropriate means to a cure
● Collection of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures
used hand in hand with the conventional and 2 MAJOR DIFFERENCE OF ALLOPATHIC
modern medicine AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
● Done with Western Medicine
● Allopathic - cures disease, not individual; Alternative
ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE - maintain connectedness of human to environment
● Allopathic - believes in simple, one-cause disease;
● Medical treatments used instead of traditional Alternative - multifactorial etiological model of
medicine disease (can be stress, bad air, bad parenting…)
● Mind-body connection
● Replaces Western Medicine INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE

Examples: ● Appreciate wholeness of a person

Chiropractic ● Learning to view person in biological, psychological,
Homeopathy social, spiritual, perspective
Ayurveda ● Centralizes doctor-patient relationship
Herbal Medicine ● Sir William Osler: “It is much more important to
Acupuncture know what sort of patient has a disease than what
Reflexology sort of disease a patient has.”
Aromatherapy
PRINCIPES OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE
ALLOPATHIC MEDICINE
● The patient and practitioner are partners in the
● Sir William Osler - founder healing process.
● Greek word: allos - other; pathos = disease ● All factors that influence health, wellness and
● Methods that attempt to counteract the disease disease are taken into consideration.
● The care addresses the whole person, including
Other terms: body, mind, and spirit in the context of community.
Western Medicine ● Providers use all appropriate healing sciences to
Conventional Medicine facilitate the body’s innate healing response.
Orthodox Medicine ● Effective interventions that are natural and less
Mainstream Medicine invasive are used whenever possible.
Biomedicine ● Because good medicine is based in good science,
integrative medicine is inquiry driven and open to
WESTERN MEDICINE new models of care.
● Alongside the concept of treatment, the broader
● Treatment of medical conditions with medications, concepts of health promotion and the prevention of
by doctors, nurses and other conventional healthcare illness are paramount.
providers who employ methods developed according ● The care is individualized to best address the
to Western medical and scientific tradition person’s unique conditions, needs and
circumstances.
4 MAIN FOCUS OF ALLOPATHIC MEDICINE ● Practitioners of integrative medicine exemplify its
principles and commit themselves to self-exploration
1. Doctrine of Specific Etiology - There is only one cause and self-development.
 HEALING of body
● Naturopathic Doctors believe:
● Old English: Hal - wholeness, soundness, spiritual ○ The body has a strong, vital, and innate
wellness power to heal itself
● WHO: State of complete physical, mental, and social ○ Symptoms of disease reveal the body's
wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease or attempt to reach a natural balance
infirmity ○ Practitioners must consider the entire
● Healing facilitates change that reduces stress, person (including mental, emotional, and
improves diet, promotes exercise, and increases the social health) in treatment
person’s sense of community and connection ● Focuses on:
● DOES NOT MEAN CURING ○ Eliminating bad habits and detoxification
● Cure - doing something (such as giving drugs or ○ Eating clean, organic food
performing surgery) that alleviates a troublesome ○ Corrective habits and lifestyle modification
condition ○ Hydrotherapy
● Six Fundamental Principles of Naturopathy
CATEGORIES OF COMPLEMENTARY ○ The Healing Power of Nature - trust in the
AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE body’s inherent wisdom to heal itself
○ Identify and Treat the Causes - look beyond
1. Alternative Medical System
the symptoms to the underlying cause
2. Mind-Body Intervention
○ First Do No Harm - utilize the most natural,
3. Biologically-based therapy
least invasive, and least toxic therapies
4. Manipulative and Body-based Methods (MBMs)
○ Doctor as Teacher - educate patients to the
5. Energy Therapy
steps of achieving and maintaining health
○ Treat the Whole Person - view the body as
ALTERNATIVE MEDICAL SYSTEM
an integrated whole in all its spiritual and
1. Homeopathic Medicine physical dimensions
2. Naturopathy ○ Prevention - focus on overall health,
3. Oriental Medicine wellness, and disease prevention
4. Ayurveda ● Requires degree to practice
5. Traditional Chinese Medicine
ORIENTAL MEDICINE
HOMEOPATHIC MEDICINE
● Describe relationship of humanity to environment
● Samuel Hahnemann - German physician, founded ● Five Planets and their Elements (Ancient Chinese)
Homeopathic Medicine in the 19th century ○ Venus - Metal
● Based on: ○ Mars - Fire
○ Similia similibus curentur - like is cured by ○ Mercury - Water
like ○ Jupiter - Wood
○ Doses minimae - potentiation through ○ Saturn - Earth
dilution ● The function of our body interrelates closely to the
● Prepared by serial dilutions and vigorous shaking natural laws of the world around us
(sucussion) and contain no measurable active ● Life is seen arising from the magnetic interplay of the
ingredients polar force
● Five Major Branches of Oriental Medicine
NATUROPATHY ○ Tuina
○ Chinese Herbal Medicine
● Wide range of therapies considered as natural ○ Oriental Nutrition and Dietary Therapy
medicines ○ Tai Chi
● Requires natural methods to restore proper balance ○ Qi Gong
TUINA
● Massage originated in ancient China
● Oldest system of bodywork
● Stimulates the flow of qi to promote balance and
harmony
● Often combined with acupuncture
TAI CHI, QI GONG
● Combine slow, deliberate movements, meditation,
and breathing exercises
● Martial arts that help circulation, balance, alignment
● Restores energy, qi or chi
● Benefits
○ For pregnant: Increase flexibility, improve
balance
○ Help lower bp and cholesterol levels
○ Good for diabetics
AYURVEDA
● The science of life
● Natural healing from India
● Sanskrit: Ayur - life; Veda - science
● Comprehensive system of medicine that places equal
emphasis on the body, mind, and spirit, and strives
to restore the innate harmony of the individual
● Some of the primary Ayurvedic treatments include
diet, exercise, meditation, herbs, massage, exposure
to sunlight, and controlled breathing
VATA DOSHA (space and air)
● Most powerful of all three doshas
● Controls the basic body functions, like how cells
divide
● Controls the mind, breathing, blood flow, heart
function, and ability to get rid of waste through the
intestines
PITTA DOSHA (fire and water)
● Controls the digestion, metabolism, and certain
hormones that are linked to the appetite
KAPHA DOSHA (water and earth)
● Controls muscle growth, body strength and stability,
weight, and the immune system
TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE
● Complete system of healing, 200 B.C. in written form
● The body is a delicate balance of two opposing and
inseparable forces: Yin and Yang
○ Yin - cold, slow, or passive principle
○ Yang - hot, excited, or active principle
● Health is achieved by maintaining the body in a
"balanced state"
● Imbalance leads to blockage in the flow of qi (or vital
energy) along pathways known as meridians
● Three Main Therapeutic Modalities
○ Acupuncture and moxibustion - burning of
an herb above the skin to apply heat to the
acupuncture point
○ Chinese Materia Medica - catalogue of
natural products
○ Massage and manipulation
SAFETY OF CAM APPROACH
Some research suggested that the use of CAM therapies are
safe and effective. However, there are others that dispute this
claim that can even lead to harmful instances. The following
reasons are the cause on why CAM related research has been
slower in the last years:
1. Time and funding problems
2. Regulatory issues
3. Conflict in finding researchers and institutions willing
to conduct ample research
PHARMACIST’S ROLE IN CAM USE
● Provide information on the appropriate use of CAM.
● Ask questions to customers about their use of CAM.
● Being aware of potential adverse reactions and
interactions with conventional medicines.
● To ensure that stocks of homeopathic medicines,
herbal medicines, or other complementary therapies
are obtained from a reputable source of supply.
● Pharmacist have a responsibility to ensure that all
products they recommend are of appropriate quality.
R.A. 8423
● Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act of 1997
● Approved: December 9, 1997
Objectives:
(a) To encourage scientific research on and develop
traditional and alternative health care systems that have
direct impact on public health care;
(b) To promote and advocate the use of traditional,
alternative, preventive and curative health care modalities
that have been proven safe, effective, cost effective and
consistent with government standards on medical practice;
(c) To develop and coordinate skills training courses for
various forms of traditional and alternative health care
modalities;
(d) To formulate standards, guidelines and codes of ethical
practice appropriate for the practice of traditional and
alternative health care as well as in the manufacture, quality
control and marketing of different traditional and alternative
health care materials, natural and organic products, for
approval and adoption by the appropriate government
agencies;
(e) To formulate policies for the protection of indigenous and
natural health resources and technology from unwarranted
exploitation, for approval and adoption by the appropriate
government agencies;
(f) To formulate policies to strengthen the role of traditional
and alternative health care delivery system; and
(g) To promote traditional and alternative health care in
international and national conventions, seminars and
meetings in coordination with the Department of Tourism,
Duty Free Philippines, Incorporated, Philippine Convention
and Visitors Corporation and other tourism-related agencies
as well as non-government organizations and local
government units.
Definition of Terms:
● "Traditional and alternative health care" - the sum
total of knowledge, skills and practices on health
care, other than those embodied in biomedicine,
used in the prevention, diagnosis and elimination of
physical or mental disorder.
● "Traditional medicine" - recognized by the people to
help maintain and improve their health towards the
wholeness of their being
● "Biomedicine" - discipline of medical care
advocating therapy with remedies that produce
effects differing from those of the diseases treated
● "Alternative health care modalities" – other forms
of non-allopathic, occasionally non-indigenous or
imported healing methods, though not necessarily
practiced for centuries nor handed down from one
generation to another
● "Herbal medicines" - finished, labeled, medicinal
products that contain as active ingredient/s serial or
underground part/s of plant or other materials
● "Natural product" - those foods that grow
spontaneously in nature whether or not they are
tended by man
● "Manufacture" - production, including preparation,
propagation, processing, formulating, filling, packing,
repacking, altering, ornamenting, finishing, or
otherwise changing the container, wrapper, or
labelling of a consumer product
● "Traditional healers" - relatively old, highly
respected people with a profound knowledge of
traditional remedies
● "Intellectual property rights" - is the legal basis by
which the indigenous communities exercise their
rights to have access to, protect, control over their
cultural knowledge and product
MANDATE:
Republic Act 8423 (R.A. 8423) mandates the Philippine
Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care (PITAHC)
“to improve the quality and delivery of health care services to
the Filipino people through the development of traditional
and alternative health care and its integration into the
national health care delivery system“.
VISION: “People’s health through traditional and alternative
health care”
MISSION: “We lead in the research and development,
promotion and advocacy, and development of standards on
traditional and complementary medicine (T&CM); and we
ensure its accessibility, availability, sustainability and
integration into the national health care system.”
WHAT IS MEDICINE?
Medicine - the science and practice of caring for a patient,
managing the diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, treatment,
palliation of their injury or disease, and promoting their
health.
Traditional Medicine - derived from plants or animals
Modern Medicine - made by scientists in laboratories and
are based on substances found in nature
 Medicinal Plant Function

Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) Skin wounds

Indian Pennywort (Centella Depression and for longevity

asiatica)

Cat’s Whiskers (Orthosiphon Gout, diabetes and

aristatus) rheumatism

Basil (Ocimum basilicum) Coughs, colds, bronchitis

Medicinal Animal Function

Sea cucumber Japanese encephalitis, hole

in the heart

Leeches Skin diseases, infections

Centipede Lockjaw and convulsions

Ant Hepatitis B