ENG-MUTASEM ALMOUSSA - Design of Multistory Reinforced Concrete Building04

Design of Multistory Reinforced Concrete
Building (A)
Eng. MUTASEM OMAR ALMOUSSA
1
‫هذه نسخة مجانية ال يجوز بيعها او تجارة بها باي‬ https://www.facebook.com/EngMutasemALmoussa ‫معتصم عمر الموسى‬.‫م‬
‫معتصم عمر الموسى‬.‫طريقة ابدا م‬
Introduction:-
INTRODUCTION
• ACI 318 (2008-2014): (American concrete institute)
• Reinforced concrete: is a combination of

1- Concrete --------(compression).
2- Steel reinforcing (rebar) --------- (tension).
• Concrete :
1- Compressive strength of concrete:

ƒc′ : Specified compressive strength of concrete, after 28-days, the
sample is cylindrical,(Unit MPa).
150 mm
300 mm
𝑁 103
𝑃𝑎 = 2 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑒𝑟
𝑚
𝐾𝑁
𝐾𝑃𝑎 = 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐷𝐿, 𝐿𝐿, , 𝐵𝐶
𝑚2
𝑁
𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 𝑓𝑜𝑟 ƒ𝑐 ′ , ƒ𝑦 , ƒ𝑢
𝑚𝑚2
𝐾𝑁
𝐺𝑃𝑎 = 𝑓𝑜𝑟 E𝑐, E𝑠 , 𝐺 10-3
𝑚𝑚2
2
➢ For BS. Code (British standard)
ƒcu : Specified compressive strength of concrete, after 28-days,
the sample cubic ,(Unit MPa).
➢ Mold dimensions 15x15x15 or 20x20x20 20 mm
➢ Conversion ƒc′ ≈ 0.8 ƒcu

20 mm
2- Modulus of elasticity:
➢ Elasticity: Elasticity is the property of the material which enables the
material to return to its original form after the external force is removed.
➢ Modulus of elasticity: Within the proportional limit, stress = E ×
strain. E is a proportionality constant known as the modulus of elasticity

or Young’s modulus of elasticity. Young’s modulus is a measure of the
ability of a material to withstand changes in length when under
lengthwise tension or compression. E has the same unit as the unit of
stress because the strain is dimensionless. The formula is E = σ / ε GPa.
Ec: Modulus of elasticity of concrete, (Unit MPa).
2
𝐸𝐶 = 4700ටƒ𝑐′ (Unit MPa,𝐺𝑃𝑎).
3
• Steel reinforcing (rebar):
1- Yield strength for nonprestressed reinforcement :

ƒy : Specified yield strength for nonprestressed reinforcement ,
(Unit MPa).
➢ Strain: Strain is the change in the dimension ΔL= (L-L0) with

respect to the original. It is denoted by the symbol epsilon (ε).
The formula is ε = ΔL / L0. For a shear force.
4
ƒu: ultimate strength of longitudinal rebar (Unit MPa).
GRADE ƒy MPa ƒu MPa
40 280 420 for stirrups
50 350 520
60 420 620 for longitudinal reinforcement
75 520 690
2- Modulus of elasticity:
𝐸𝑠 = 200 𝐺𝑃𝑎 For all types
5
➢ When designing a concrete building, this is done according
to the following steps:-
In ribbed slab and solid slab
slab beam column footing
In flat slab and waffle slab
slab column footing
6
Analysis and Design of Slabs (ribbed slab)
➢ Type of slab:-
A. Solid slabs : 1-One-way
2-Two way
B. Ribbed slabs: 1-One-way

2-Two way
C. Flat slabs.
D. Grid or waffle slabs.
7
‫‪8‬‬
‫هذه نسخة مجانية ال يجوز بيعها او تجارة بها باي‬ ‫‪https://www.facebook.com/EngMutasemALmoussa‬‬ ‫م‪.‬معتصم عمر الموسى‬
‫طريقة ابدا م‪.‬معتصم عمر الموسى‬
➢ Slab design steps (one-way ribbed and solid):
1. Chose type of slab.

2. Determine reinforcing (one-way̦ two-way).
3. Determine slab thickness.
4. Determine total factored load (dead load and live load).
5. Calculation of bending moment and shear force.
6. Check for slab.
7. Reinforcement calculation.
8. Check if shear reinforcement is required.
A. Chose type of slab.
B. Determine reinforcing (one-way̦ two-way).
➢ For solid slabs :

L
𝑳
If ≤ 2 two way
𝑺 S
𝑳
If > 2 one way
𝑺
L: long span
S: short span
➢ For ribbed slabs :
If S ≤ 7 m one way
If S > 7 m two way
9
‫‪➢ Determine slab thickness.‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
➢ Solid slab
L
1- Simply Supported h =
20
11 m
5m
5000 mm
L 5000
h= =
20 20
L
2- One end continuous h =
24
13 m
5m
6m
5000 mm 6000 mm
L 5000 L 6000
h= = h= =
24 24 24
11 24
L
3- Both end continuous h =
28
13 m
5m
4.5 m
6m
5000 mm 4500 mm 4500 mm
L 5000 L 4500 L 6000

h= = h= = h= =
24 24 24 28 24 24
L
3- cantilever h =
8
11 m
5m
1.5 m
5000 mm 1500 mm
L 5000 L 1500
h = 24 = h = 10 =
24 10
12
➢ ribbed slab
L
4- Simply Supported h =
16
10 m
5m
5000
L 5000
h= =
16 16
L
5- One end continuous h =
18.5
10 m
5m
6m
5000 mm 6000 mm
L 5000 L 6000
h= = h= =
18.5 18.5 18.5 18.5
13
‫‪L‬‬
‫= ‪3- Both end continuous h‬‬
‫‪21‬‬
‫‪10 m‬‬
‫‪5m‬‬
‫‪4.5 m‬‬
‫‪6m‬‬
‫‪5000 mm‬‬ ‫‪4500 mm‬‬ ‫‪4500 mm‬‬
‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪5000‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪4500‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪6000‬‬

‫=‪h‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‪h‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‪h‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪18.5‬‬ ‫‪18.5‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪18.5‬‬ ‫‪18.5‬‬
‫‪14‬‬
‫‪4 - Note‬‬
‫‪5 – Note‬‬
‫‪5m‬‬
‫‪4.5 m‬‬
‫‪m‬‬
‫‪5.5 m‬‬
‫‪4.6 m‬‬
‫‪15‬‬
➢ Determine total factored load (dead load and live load).
A. Dead load : It is the constant weight along the age of the

building includes mostly self-weight of the building.
(Slabs, Beams, Columns, Footing)
B. Live load: Live Loads are not permanent and can change in
magnitude. They include items found within a building.
(Furniture, Pianos, Safes, People, Books, Cars, Computers,
Machinery, Or Stored Materials)
➢ Calculation of bending moment and shear force.

➢ It can be manual analysis or using software (PROKON,
SAP200…).
➢ Bending moment: For longitudinal reinforcement.
➢ Shear force: For stirrups reinforcement.
16
‫‪17‬‬
‫‪18‬‬
‫‪➢ Check for slab.‬‬
‫‪➢ Reinforcement calculation.‬‬
‫‪19‬‬
➢ steps of reinforcement:
Mu → R → ρ → ൛AS , AS min ൟ use max → nember of bar and dimater
Mu : Binding moment (KN.m).

R: Flexural resistance factor (MPa).
AS
ρ: Reinforcement steel ratio𝜌 = .
𝑏×𝑑
AS : Reinforcement area(𝑚𝑚2 ).
AS min : Minimum reinforcement area൫𝑚𝑚2 ൯.
𝑏
Mu
𝑅= 𝑑 ℎ
0.9𝑏𝑑2
𝑑′
𝑏: Width (𝑚𝑚).
𝑑: Effective depth (𝑚𝑚).
𝑑𝑏 𝑑𝑠
ℎ: Thickness (𝑚𝑚).
𝑑𝑏
𝑑 ′ : Cover to center rebar (𝑑 ′ : = 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑛. +𝑑𝑠 + ) (𝑚𝑚).
2
𝑑𝑏 : Dimeter of main reinforcement (𝑚𝑚).
𝑑𝑠 : Dimeter of stirrups reinforcement (𝑚𝑚).
1 2 2×𝑚×𝑅
ρ = ቀ ቁ ൤1 − ට1 − ൨
𝑚 𝑓𝑦
𝑓𝑦
𝑚=
0.85×𝑓𝑐′
As = ρ b d
20
➢ Check if shear reinforcement is required.
∅VC = ø (1/6) ×ටƒc′ ×bw ×d
Vu < ∅VC no need stirrups
Example:
21
‫عند استالم المخطط المعماري نقوم بمايلي‪:‬‬
‫‪ .A‬جدران القص )‪(shear wall‬‬
‫‪ .1‬يتم وضعها في االبنية العادية عادتا حول بيت الدرج وبيت المصعد ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬االبينة الخاصة يتم وضع جدران اضافية يفضل ان تكون على زوايا المبنى اي كلما ابتعد‬
‫الجدار عن مركز المبنى يكون افضل ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .B‬االعمدة ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬نقوم بوضع االعمدة في زوايا المبنى ) بثتثناء وجدود برندات(‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬يجب ان ال تزيد المسافة بين االعمدة عن ‪ 7‬م كحد اقصى في االبنية ا لعادية ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬يجب وضع االعمدة الداخلية على استقامة واحده باحدى االتجاهين او كالهما‬
‫‪ .4‬نقوم بوضع االعمدة ضمن القواطع الداخلية )بين الغرف( وتكون االعمدة موازية لهذه‬
‫القواطع‪.‬‬
‫𝑎𝑒𝑟𝑎 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑙𝑓‬
‫=𝑛‬ ‫‪ .5‬عدد االعمدة يفضل ان ال يزيد عن‬
‫‪12‬‬
‫‪ .6‬تكون ابعاد االعمدة الخارجية من ناحية العرض نفس عرض الجدار الخرساني الخارجي‬
‫عادتا ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .7‬يتكون عرض االعمدة الداخيلة )‪(20,25,30,35‬سم الطول يحدد بشكل اسهل النك غير‬
‫محدود مثل العرض‪.‬‬
‫‪22‬‬
‫‪23‬‬
‫‪ .C‬الجسور )𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑒𝑏( ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬يتم وضع الجسور على االعمد يفضل ان تكون مستمرة ومستقيمة ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬نختار الجسور التي تعطي سماكة اقل للبالطة‪.‬‬
‫‪ .D‬البالطات )𝑠𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑠(‬
‫‪ .1‬بين كل جسرين تعتبر بالطة ‪.‬‬
‫‪24‬‬
‫‪25‬‬
‫‪A. Chose type of slab.‬‬
‫‪ → ribbed slab‬مبنى سكني‬
‫‪26‬‬
1. For (S1)
S= 5.84 < 7 one way

2. For (S2)
S= 3.41 < 7 one way
3. For (S3, S4 )
S= 3.9 < 7 one way

4. For (S5)
S= 5.05 < 7 one way

5. For (S6)
S= 5.43 < 7 one way

6. For (S7)
S= 5.01 < 7 one way
27
‫‪C. Determine slab thickness.‬‬
‫‪Rib 1‬‬
‫‪5.48 m‬‬
‫‪3.41 m‬‬
‫‪3.91 m‬‬
‫‪4.2 m‬‬
‫‪28‬‬
5840 mm 3410 mm 3900 mm 4200 mm
5840 3410 3900 4200

h= 18.5 =316 mm h= =162 mm h= =186 mm h = 18.5 =227 mm
21 21
Rib 2
5.48 m
3.41 m
3.91 m
5.05 m
5840 mm 3410 mm 3900 mm 5050 mm
5840 3410 3900 5050

h= 18.5 =316 mm h= =162 mm h= =186 mm h = 18.5 =273 mm
21 21
29
‫‪Rib 3‬‬
‫‪5.48 m‬‬
‫‪1.11 m‬‬
‫‪5840 mm‬‬ ‫‪1100 mm‬‬
‫‪5840‬‬ ‫‪1100‬‬
‫‪h= 18.5 =316 mm‬‬ ‫=‪h‬‬ ‫‪=138 mm‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫‪Rib 4‬‬
‫‪5.43 m‬‬
‫‪5430 mm‬‬
‫‪30‬‬
5430
h= = 339 mm
16
Rib 5
5.01m
5010 mm
5010
h= = 313 mm
16
Maximum hmin= 316 mm
Standard ridded slab:
36 cm
40 cm
31
‫‪32‬‬
‫‪33‬‬
Section of rib
bf
hf Flange
bw top
Web h
hw
bw bo.
For Jordan
h (mm) hw , hb (mm) weight of block (KN)
200 140 0.13

Assume
250 180 0.15 bw=120 mm
300,310,320 240 0.18

Assume
350,360 280 0.26 bw=150 mm
400 320 0.30
Use h = 310 mm bf =520 mm
hf =70 mm
bw top=160 mm
310 mm
240
mm
bw bo. =120 mm.
34
Conditions of design for ACI
bw >100 mm, bw =120
hw ≤ 3.5 bw , 240 ≤ 420
hf > 50 mm, hf > (Clear spacing between ribs /12,400/12)=33mm , hf =70 mm
Clear spacing between ribs shah not exceed 750 mm, block = 400 mm
bf =520 mm
hf =70 mm
bw top=160mm
310 mm
240mm
bw bo.=120 mm.
For Egypt:
h (mm) hw , hb (mm) weight of block (KN)
200 150 0.14

Assume
260 200 0.19 bw=120 mm
320 250 0.24
35
D. Determine total factored load (dead load and live load).
Dead load:
1. Topping slab 0.07×24 = 1.68 kN/ m2
2. R.C rib (0.14×0.24×24)/0.52 =1.55 kN/m2
3. concrete Hollow blocks
(0.18) / (0.2 ×0.52) = 1.73 kN/m2
4. Cement tile 0.025×22 = 0.55 kN/m2
5. Mortar 0.025×22 = 0.55 kN/ m2
6. Fill 0.15×18 = 2.7 kN/ m2
7. plaster or false ceiling 0.025×22 = 0.55 kN/ m2
1
8. Wt. of partitions. = 3×2.38 ( ) = 2.38 kN/ m2
3
 = 11.69 kN/ m2
Live load:
Live load = 2.0 kN/m² (for residential rooms) (1.92)
Total load = 1.2(11.69) +1.6(2) = 17.23 kN/m2
Load/ rib = 17.23×0.52 = 8.96 kN/m
36
E. Calculation of moment and shear.
➢ Use PROKON
For rib1
Wu=8.69 KN/m
5.84 m 3.41 m 3.90 m 4.20 m
37
F. Check for slab.
𝑓𝑐′ = 25 𝑀Pa
𝑓𝑦 = 420 𝑀𝑝𝑎
ρ 0.005 =0.85β1
𝑓𝑐 ′ ℰ𝑢
𝑓𝑦 ℰ𝑢 + ℰ𝑡
𝑓𝑐 ′−28
β1=0.85-0.05 0.65 ≤β1≤0.85
7
𝑓𝑐 ′ : Specified compressive strength of concrete, after 28-days, the sample is

cylindrical, (Unit MPa).
𝑓𝑦 : Specified yield strength of reinforcement, MPa.
ℰ𝑢 : Maximum strain of concrete, ℰ𝑢 = 0.003.
ℰ𝑡 : Net tensile strain in the extreme tension steel, ℰ𝑡 = 0.005.
25−28
β1=0.85-0.05 = 0.87 𝑢𝑠𝑒 0.85
7
ρ 0.005 =0.85×0.85
25 0.003
420 0.003+ 0.005
ρ0.005 = 0.0161
➢ Check web width is adequate for maximum negative moment (bw = 𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝒎𝒎).
Mu-max = 27.35 KN.m

16
𝑑 ′ = (25 + 8 + 2 ) ≈ 45 𝑚𝑚.
′ d=265 mm
𝑑= ℎ − 𝑑 310
mm
𝑑= 310-45 = 265 𝑚𝑚.
𝑑 ′ =45 mm
bw bo.=120
38 mm.
Mu 27.35×106
R= = = 3.606 MPa
0.9×bw ×d2 0.9×120×(265)2
1 2 2×𝑚×𝑅
ρ = ൬ ൰ ቎1 − ඨ1 − ቏
𝑚 𝑓𝑦
𝑓𝑦
𝑚=
0.85×𝑓𝑐′
420
𝑚= = 19.76
0.85×25
1 2 2 × 19.76 × 3.606
ρ=൬ ൰ ቎1 − ඨ1 − ቏ = 0.009473
19.76 420
ρ = 0.009473 < 0.0161 (𝑜𝑘)
➢ Check if the section behaver as rectangular or T-section for maximum positive
moment
M+u(max) =24.57 KN.m

hf
∅Mnf = φ × 0.85 × 𝑓𝑐′ × bf × hf × ( d − )
2
70
= 0.9 × 0.85 × 25 × 520 × 70 × ቀ 265 − ቁ 10−6 = 160.11 KN. m > 24.57 KN. m
2
φMnft >Mu+ , Rectangular Beam Action.
39
G. steps of reinforcement:
Mu : Binding moment (KN. m)

𝑅: Flexural resistance factor (MPa).
ρ: Reinforcement steel ratio.
AS min : Minimum reinforcement area(𝑚𝑚2 ).
Span (1-2)
𝑀𝑢 +
Mu = 24.57 kN. M b = bf = 520 mm
Mu 24.57 ×106
𝑅= = = 0.748 Mpa
0.9𝑏𝑑 2 0.9×520×2652
1 2 2×𝑚×𝑅
ρ = ቀ ቁ ൤1 − ට1 − ൨
𝑚 𝑓𝑦
1 2 2 × 19.76 × 0.748
ρ=൬ ൰ ቎1 − ඨ1 − ቏ = 0.001812
19.76 420
As = ρ b d = 0.001812 × 520 × 265 = 250 𝑚𝑚2
0.25×ඥ𝑓𝑐′
AS min = × bw × d 𝑓𝑐 ′ > 31𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑓𝑦
0.25×ඥ25
= × 120 × 265 = 95 𝑚𝑚2
420
1.4
AS min = × bw × d 𝑓𝑐 ′ ≤ 31𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑓𝑦
1.4
= × 120 × 265 = 106 𝑚𝑚2
420
Use As =250 𝑚𝑚2
40
Use n = 2
𝐴𝑆 250
Ab = = = 125 𝑚𝑚2 ∅ As
𝑛 2
∅10 79
𝟐 Ab ×4 𝟐 122.5×4 ∅12 114
𝒅= ට =ට = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟔 𝒎𝒎 ∅14 154
𝝅 𝝅
∅16 201
Use ∅𝟏𝟒 ∅18 254
∅20 314
2∅14 As =308 𝑚𝑚2 > 245 𝑚𝑚2 𝑜𝑘 ∅22 380
∅25 491
Support (2)
𝑀𝑢 −
Mu = 27.35 kN. M b = bw = 120 mm
Mu 27.35 ×106
𝑅= = = 3.606 Mpa
0.9𝑏𝑑 2 0.9×120×2652
1 2 2×𝑚×𝑅
ρ = ቀ ቁ ൤1 − ට1 − ൨
𝑚 𝑓𝑦
1 2 2 × 19.76 × 3.606
ρ=൬ ൰ ቎1 − ඨ1 − ቏ = 0.009473
19.76 420
As = ρ b d = 0.009473 × 120 × 265 = 301 𝑚𝑚2
0.25×ඥ𝑓𝑐′
𝑓𝑦
0.25×ඥ25
= × 120 × 265 = 95 𝑚𝑚2
420
1.4
𝑓𝑦
1.4
= × 120 × 265 = 106 𝑚𝑚2
420

41
Use n = 2
𝐴𝑆 301
Ab = = = 151 𝑚𝑚2 ∅ As
𝑛 2
∅10 79
𝟐 Ab ×4 𝟐 147×4 ∅12 114
𝒅= ට =ට = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟖𝟒 𝒎𝒎 ∅14 154
𝝅 𝝅
∅16 201
Use ∅𝟏𝟒 ∅18 254
∅20 314
2∅14 As =308 𝑚𝑚2 > 301 𝑚𝑚2 𝑜𝑘 ∅22 380
∅25 491
Reinforcement
h 310 mm Fc 25 Mpa
d' 45 mm Fy 420 Mpa
d 265 mm m 19.76
bf 520 mm n 2
bw 120 mm
locatin b (mm) Mu R ρ As Asmin Asmin use As Ab d ∅

(KN.m) mm2 mm2 mm2 mm2 mm2
support 1 120 0 0.000 0 0 106 95 106 53 8.21 10
span (1-2) 520 24.57 0.748 0.001812456 250 106 95 250 125 12.60 14
support 2 120 27.35 3.606 0.009472819 301 106 95 301 151 13.84 14
span (2-3) 520 0 0.000 0 0 106 95 106 53 8.21 10
support 3 120 3.8 0.501 0.001207346 38 106 95 106 53 8.21 10
span (3-4) 520 6.77 0.206 0.000492858 68 106 95 106 53 8.21 10
support 4 120 16.98 2.239 0.005645531 180 106 95 180 90 10.68 12
span (4-5) 520 11.61 0.353 0.000848205 117 106 95 117 58 8.62 10
support 5 120 0 0.000 0 0 106 95 106 53 8.21 10
42
2∅10 2∅14 2∅10 2∅12 2∅10
2∅14 2∅10 2∅10 2∅10
➢ Shrinkage steel in the topping slab
As = ρmin b h
As = 0.0018×400×70 = 50.4 mm2
1∅8/400𝑚𝑚
43
H. Check if shear reinforcement is required.
VC : Shear force resisted by concrete (KN)

Vs : Shear force resisted by shear reinforcment (KN)
Vu = 30.06 kN
Vu @𝑑 = Vu − Wu × X
0.2
𝑋≅ + 𝑑 = 0.1 + 0.265 = 0.365 𝑚
2
Vu @𝑑 = 30.06 − 8.69 × 0.365 = 26.89 kN
ØVC = Ø × 0.17 × ට 𝑓𝑐 ′ × bw × d × 1.1
= 0.75× 0.17 × ඥ25 × 120 × 265 × 1.1 ×10-3 = 22.30 KN
44
Since Vu @d > ØVC , Need for shear reinforcement
Find VS:
Vu @𝑑 ØVc 26.89 22.3

Vs = − = − =
Ø Ø 0.75 0.75
6.12 kN
𝑓𝑦𝑡 = 280 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Use ∅8 As = 50 𝑚𝑚2
Av = 2× n × As
Av = 2 × 1 × 50 = 100 𝑚𝑚2
Av × 𝑓𝑦𝑡 × d 100 × 280 × 265

Sreq = = = 1235 mm > 200mm use 200 mm
Vs 6.12 × 103
𝑼𝒔𝒆 𝟏∅𝟖@𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎 𝒄. 𝒄
45
‫‪Rib3‬‬
‫‪Rib 3‬‬
‫‪5.48 m‬‬
‫‪1.11 m‬‬
‫‪46‬‬
‫𝑁𝑘 ‪𝑝𝑢 = 6.06‬‬
‫‪8.69KN/m‬‬
‫‪5840 mm‬‬ ‫‪1100 mm‬‬
‫𝑁𝑘 ‪𝑝𝑠 = 𝑊𝑊𝐴𝐿𝐿 × 3 × 𝑏𝑓 = 3.24 × 3 × 0.52 = 5.05‬‬
‫𝑁𝑘 ‪𝑝𝑢 = 1.2 × 5.05 = 6.06‬‬
‫‪47‬‬
Span (1-2)
𝑀𝑢 +
Mu = 31.23 kN. M b = bf = 520 mm
Mu 31.23 ×106
𝑅= = = 0.950 Mpa
0.9𝑏𝑑 2 0.9×520×2652
1 2 2×𝑚×𝑅
ρ = ቀ ቁ ൤1 − ට1 − ൨
𝑚 𝑓𝑦
1 2 2 × 19.76 × 0.950
ρ=൬ ൰ ቎1 − ඨ1 − ቏ = 0.002315
19.76 420
As = ρ b d = 0.002315 × 520 × 265 = 319 𝑚𝑚2
0.25×ඥ𝑓𝑐′
𝑓𝑦
0.25×ඥ25
= × 120 × 265 = 95 𝑚𝑚2
420
48
1.4
𝑓𝑦
1.4
= × 120 × 265 = 106 𝑚𝑚2
420
Use n = 2
𝐴𝑆 319
Ab = = = 159.54 𝑚𝑚2 ∅ As
𝑛 2
∅10 79
𝟐 Ab ×4 𝟐 159.54×4 ∅12 114
𝒅= ට =ට = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟐𝟔 𝒎𝒎 ∅14 154
𝝅 𝝅
∅16 201
Use ∅𝟏𝟔 ∅18 254
∅20 314
2∅16 As =402 𝑚𝑚2 > 319 𝑚𝑚2 𝑜𝑘 ∅22 380
∅25 491
Or
Use
𝟏∅𝟏𝟔 + 𝟏∅𝟏𝟒 AS = 𝟐𝟎𝟏 + 𝟏𝟓𝟒 = 𝟑𝟓𝟓 𝑚𝑚2 > 𝟑𝟏𝟗 𝑚𝑚2 𝒐𝒌
Support (2)
𝑀𝑢 −
Mu = 12.08 kN. M b = bw = 120 mm
Mu 12.08 ×106
𝑅= = = 1.593 Mpa
0.9𝑏𝑑 2 0.9×120×2652
1 2 2×𝑚×𝑅
ρ = ቀ ቁ ൤1 − ට1 − ൨
𝑚 𝑓𝑦
1 2 2 × 19.76 × 1.593
ρ=൬ ൰ ቎1 − ඨ1 − ቏ = 0.003946
19.76 420
49
As = ρ b d = 0.003946 × 120 × 265 = 126 𝑚𝑚2
0.25×ඥ𝑓𝑐′
𝑓𝑦
0.25×ඥ25
= × 120 × 265 = 95 𝑚𝑚2
420
1.4
𝑓𝑦
1.4
= × 120 × 265 = 106 𝑚𝑚2
420
Use n = 2
𝐴𝑆 126
Ab = = = 63 𝑚𝑚2 ∅ As
𝑛 2
∅10 79
𝟐 Ab ×4 𝟐 63×4 ∅12 114
𝒅= ට =ට = 𝟖. 𝟗𝟓 𝒎𝒎 ∅14 154
𝝅 𝝅
∅16 201
Use ∅𝟏𝟎 ∅18 254
∅20 314
2∅10 As =158 𝑚𝑚2 > 126 𝑚𝑚2 𝑜𝑘 ∅22 380
∅25 491
2∅10
2∅16 2∅10
50
‫‪Rib 4‬‬
‫‪5.43 m‬‬
‫‪5430 mm‬‬
‫‪Simply supported beam‬‬
‫‪51‬‬
‫‪𝑊𝑢 × 𝐿2 8.69 × 5.432‬‬
‫= 𝑢𝑀‬ ‫=‬ ‫𝑚 ‪= 32.03 𝑘𝑁.‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫‪𝑉𝑢 × 𝐿 8.69 × 5.43‬‬
‫= 𝑢𝑉‬ ‫=‬ ‫𝑁𝑘 ‪= 23.59‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪52‬‬
Span (1-2)
𝑀𝑢 +
Mu = 32.03 kN. m b = bf = 520 mm
Mu 32.03 ×106
𝑅= = = 0.975 Mpa
0.9𝑏𝑑 2 0.9×520×2652
1 2 2×𝑚×𝑅
ρ = ቀ ቁ ൤1 − ට1 − ൨
𝑚 𝑓𝑦
1 2 2 × 19.76 × 0.975
ρ=൬ ൰ ቎1 − ඨ1 − ቏ = 0.002376
19.76 420
As = ρ b d = 0.002376 × 520 × 265 = 327 𝑚𝑚2
0.25×ඥ𝑓𝑐′
𝑓𝑦
0.25×ඥ25
= × 120 × 265 = 95 𝑚𝑚2
420
1.4
𝑓𝑦
1.4
= × 120 × 265 = 106 𝑚𝑚2
420
Use n = 2
∅ As
𝐴𝑆 327 ∅10 79
Ab = = = 163.5 𝑚𝑚2 ∅12
𝑛 2 114
∅14 154
𝟐 Ab ×4 𝟐 163.5×4 ∅16 201
𝒅= ට =ට = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟒𝟒 𝒎𝒎
𝝅 𝝅 ∅18 254
∅20 314
Use ∅𝟏𝟔
∅22 380
2 2
2∅16 As =402 𝑚𝑚 > 327 𝑚𝑚 𝑜𝑘 ∅25 491
Or
Use
𝟏∅𝟏𝟔 + 𝟏∅𝟏𝟒 AS = 𝟐𝟎𝟏 + 𝟏𝟓𝟒 = 𝟑𝟓𝟓 𝑚𝑚2 > 𝟑𝟐𝟕 𝑚𝑚2 𝒐𝒌
53
2∅16
Check spacing
b−2×cover con.−2×𝑑𝑠 −𝑛×𝑑𝑏 4

s= > 25𝑚𝑚 , > ∅ > 𝑑𝑎𝑔𝑔.𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒
𝑛−1 3
125−2×25−2×8−2×16
s= = 27 𝑚𝑚 𝑜𝑘
2−1
Check Strength reduction factor ϕ
Mu
𝑅= 𝛟 = 0.9
0.9𝑏𝑑 2
bw bo.=120
mm.
54
‫‪55‬‬
‫𝑐‪𝑑−‬‬
‫× 𝑢𝜖 = 𝑡𝜖‬
‫𝑐‬
‫‪𝜖𝑢 = 0.003‬‬
‫𝑚𝑚 ‪𝑑 = 265‬‬
‫𝑎‬
‫=𝑐‬
‫‪𝛽1‬‬
‫‪2∅16‬‬ ‫‪As =402 𝑚𝑚2‬‬
‫𝑦𝑓 × ‪AS‬‬ ‫‪402 × 420‬‬
‫=𝑎‬ ‫=‬ ‫𝑚𝑚 ‪= 66‬‬
‫𝑏 × ‪0.85 × 𝑓𝑐′‬‬ ‫‪0.85 × 25 × 120‬‬
‫𝑎‬ ‫‪66‬‬
‫=𝑐‬ ‫=‬ ‫𝑚𝑚 ‪= 78‬‬
‫‪𝛽1 0.85‬‬
‫‪265 − 78‬‬
‫× ‪𝜖𝑡 = 0.003‬‬ ‫𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑛𝑜𝑐 ‪= 0.0072 > 0.005 𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 −‬‬
‫‪78‬‬
‫‪𝛟 = 0.9‬‬ ‫𝑘𝑜‬
‫‪56‬‬
‫‪Notes‬‬
‫‪1. LOAD‬‬
‫‪57‬‬
‫𝑢𝑝‬
‫‪58‬‬
‫𝒇𝒃 × 𝒉 × 𝟐𝒎‪𝒑𝒔 = 𝑾𝒘𝒂𝒍𝒍 𝒌𝑵/‬‬
‫𝒓𝒐‬
‫𝒇𝒃 × 𝒉 × ) ⋯ ‪𝒑𝒔 = (𝑾𝟏 + 𝑾𝟏 +‬‬
‫𝒓𝒐‬
‫𝒇𝒃 × 𝒉 × 𝒍𝒍𝒂𝒘𝒃 × 𝟑𝒎‪𝒑𝒔 = 𝜸𝒘𝒂𝒍𝒍 𝒌𝑵/‬‬
‫𝒓𝒐‬
‫𝒇𝒃 × 𝒉 × ) ⋯ ‪𝒑𝒔 = (𝜸𝟏 × 𝒃𝟏 + 𝜸𝟐 × 𝒃𝟐 +‬‬
‫𝒔𝒑 × 𝟐 ‪𝒑𝒖 = 𝟏.‬‬
‫‪59‬‬
‫‪60‬‬
‫‪2. Determaine rib‬‬
‫‪61‬‬
3. Reinforcenent
rib1
2∅10 2∅14 2∅10 2∅12 2∅10
2∅14 2∅10 2∅10 2∅10
2∅10 2∅14 2∅10 2∅12 2∅10
2∅14 2∅10
𝐿
L= lap splice lengths
L=1.3ℓd and 300 mm ℓd :Development length
62
‫‪63‬‬
‫𝒆𝜳×𝒕𝜳 ×𝒚𝒇‬
‫‪𝓵𝒅 = ቌ‬‬ ‫𝟐‬
‫𝒃𝒅 ‪ቍ‬‬
‫𝒄 𝒇‪𝟐.𝟏 𝝀 ට‬‬
‫𝑎𝑝𝑀‪𝒇𝑦 = 420‬‬ ‫‪𝛹𝑡 = 1.3‬‬ ‫‪𝛹𝑒 = 1‬‬ ‫‪𝜆=1‬‬ ‫𝑎𝑝𝑀 ‪𝑓𝑐 = 25‬‬ ‫𝑚𝑚 ‪𝑑𝑏 = 14‬‬
‫‪420×1.3×1‬‬
‫‪ℓ𝑑 = ൬‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫𝑚𝑚 ‪൰ × 14 = 728‬‬
‫‪2.1×1× ඥ25‬‬
‫‪308‬‬
‫‪2∅14‬‬ ‫‪As =308 𝑚𝑚2 > 301 𝑚𝑚2‬‬ ‫‪= 1.023 < 2‬‬
‫‪301‬‬
‫‪L= 1.3ℓd and 300 mm‬‬

‫𝑘𝑜 𝑚𝑚‪𝐿 = 1.3ℓ𝑑 = 1.3 × 728 = 946.4 𝑚𝑚 ≅ 1000 𝑚𝑚 > 300‬‬
‫𝑚𝑚 ‪𝐿 = 60 × ∅ = 60 × 14 = 840 𝑚𝑚 ≅ 900‬‬
‫𝑚𝑚 ‪𝐿 = 65 × ∅ = 65 × 14 = 910 𝑚𝑚 ≅ 1000‬‬
‫‪64‬‬
‫‪Rib2‬‬
‫‪2∅10‬‬
‫‪2∅16‬‬ ‫‪2∅10‬‬
‫‪2∅10‬‬ ‫𝑚 ‪2∅10 − 3.3 𝑚 𝑢𝑠𝑒 3.5‬‬
‫‪2∅16‬‬ ‫‪2∅10‬‬
‫‪2∅10‬‬
‫‪2∅16‬‬ ‫‪2∅10‬‬
‫‪Rib3‬‬
‫‪2∅16‬‬
‫‪𝐴𝑆 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 106 ↔ 2∅10‬‬
‫‪2∅16‬‬
‫‪65‬‬
‫‪4. Thickness‬‬
‫‪66‬‬
‫‪5.Condition‬‬
‫‪67‬‬
‫‪68‬‬
‫‪69‬‬
‫‪70‬‬
Analysis and Design of Slabs (solid slab)
A. Chose type of slab.
Solid slab
71
For solid slabs:
If L/S ≤ 2 two way
If L/S > 2 one way
1. For (S1)
𝐿 21.65
= = 3.71 > 2 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑦
𝑆 5.84
2. For all slab one way
3. Use strip 1-m width
72
‫‪C. Determine slab thickness.‬‬
‫‪St. 1‬‬
‫‪5.48 m‬‬
‫‪3.41 m‬‬
‫‪3.91 m‬‬
‫‪4.2 m‬‬
‫‪73‬‬
5840 mm 3410 mm 3900 mm 4200 mm
5840 3410 3900 4200

h= =243 mm h= =122 mm h= =139 mm h= =175 mm
24 28 28 24
St. 2
5.48 m
3.41 m
3.91 m
5.05 m
5840 mm 3410 mm 3900 mm 5050 mm
5840 3410 3900 5050

h= =243 mm h= =122 mm h= =139 mm h= =273 mm
28 28 28 24
74
‫‪St. 3‬‬
‫‪5.48 m‬‬
‫‪1.11 m‬‬
‫‪5840 mm‬‬ ‫‪1100 mm‬‬
‫‪5840‬‬ ‫‪1100‬‬
‫=‪h‬‬ ‫‪=243 mm‬‬ ‫=‪h‬‬ ‫‪=110 mm‬‬
‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪St. 4‬‬
‫‪5.48 m‬‬
‫‪5430 mm‬‬
‫‪5430‬‬
‫=‪h‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪= 272 mm‬‬
‫‪75‬‬
‫‪St. 5‬‬
‫‪5.01m‬‬
‫‪5010 mm‬‬
‫‪5010‬‬
‫=‪h‬‬ ‫‪= 251 m‬‬
‫‪20‬‬
‫𝒎𝒎 𝟎𝟒𝟐 = 𝒏𝒊𝒎𝒉 𝒎𝒖𝒎𝒊𝒙𝒂𝑴‬
‫𝒎𝒎 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏 = 𝒉𝒕𝒅𝒊𝑾‬
‫‪b =1000‬‬
‫‪mm‬‬
‫‪h=240 mm‬‬
‫‪76‬‬
‫‪77‬‬
D. Determine total factored load (dead load and live load).
Dead load:
1. Topping slab 0.24×24 = 5.76 kN/ m2
2. Cement tile 0.025×22 = 0.55 kN/m2
3. Mortar 0.025×22 = 0.55 kN/ m2
4. Fill 0.15×18 = 2.7 kN/ m2
5. plaster or false ceiling 0.025×22 = 0.55 kN/ m2
1
6. Wt. of partitions. = 3×2.38 ( ) = 2.38 kN/ m2
3
 = 14.22 KN/ m2
Live load:
Live load = 2.0 kN/m² (for residential rooms) (1.92)
Total load = 1.2(14.22) +1.6(2) = 20.26 kN/m2
Load/ m = 20.26×1 = 20.26 kN/m
78
E. Calculation of moment and shear.
➢ Use PROKON
For St.1
Wu=20.26 KN/m
5.84 m 3.41 m 3.90 m 4.20 m
79
F. Check for slab.
ρ 0.005 =0.85β1
𝑓𝑐 ′−28
β1=0.85-0.05 0.65 ≤β1≤0.85
7

25−28
β1=0.85-0.05 = 0.87 𝑢𝑠𝑒 0.85
7
ρ 0.005 =0.85×0.85
25 0.003
420 0.003+ 0.005
ρ0.005 = 0.0161
1 2 2×𝑚×𝑅
ρ = ൬ ൰ ቎1 − ඨ1 − ቏
𝑚 𝑓𝑦
1 2 2×19.76×𝑅
0.0161 = ቀ19.76ቁ ൤1 − ට1 − ൨ → 𝑅 =5.68656
420
80
➢ Check effective depth (𝑑 )is adequate for flexural due maximum bending
moment :
Mu max = 63.75 KN.m

𝑑′≈ 40𝑚𝑚.
′
𝑑= ℎ − 𝑑
𝑑= 240-40 = 200 𝑚𝑚.
Mu
R= =
0.9×b×d2
63.75×106
5.69 =
0.9×1000×(d)2
𝑑 = 112 𝑚𝑚 < 200 𝑚𝑚 𝑜𝑘
➢ Check effective depth (𝑑)is adequate for shear force

VC : Shear force resisted by concrete (KN)
Vs : Shear force resisted by shear reinforcment (KN)
Vu = 70.08 kN
Vu @𝑑 = Vu − Wu × X
0.2
𝑋≅ + 𝑑 = 0.1 + 0.2 = 0.3 𝑚
2
Vu @𝑑 = 70.08 − 20.26 × 0.3 = 64 kN
ØVC = Ø × 0.17 × ට 𝑓𝑐 ′ × b × d
= 0.75× 0.17 × ඥ25 × 1000 × 240 ×10-3 = 153 KN
Since ØVC > Vu @d 𝑑 − − − 𝑜𝑘
81
G. steps of reinforcement:
Mu : Binding moment (KN. m)

Span (1-2)
Mu = 57.29 kN. M
Mu 57.09 ×106
𝑅= = = 1.59 Mpa
0.9𝑏𝑑 2 0.9×1000×2002
1 2 2×𝑚×𝑅
ρ = ቀ ቁ ൤1 − ට1 − ൨
𝑚 𝑓𝑦
1 2 2 × 19.76 × 1.59
ρ=൬ ൰ ቎1 − ඨ1 − ቏ = 0.00394
19.76 420
As = ρ b d = 0.00394 × 1000 × 200 = 788 𝑚𝑚2
AS min = 0.0018 × 𝑏 × ℎ ∅10

AS min = 0.0018 × 1000 × 240 = 432 𝑚𝑚2 ∅12
∅14
∅16
Use As =788 𝑚𝑚2 ∅18
∅20
Use n = 5 ∅22
∅25
𝐴𝑆 788
Ab = = = 157.6 𝑚𝑚2
𝑛 5
82
𝟐 Ab ×4 𝟐 157.6×4
𝒅= ට =ට = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟏𝟔 𝒎𝒎
𝝅 𝝅
Use ∅𝟏𝟔
5∅16/𝑚 As =1005 𝑚𝑚2 > 788 𝑚𝑚2 𝑜𝑘

𝑏
𝑆= < 3ℎ < 450 𝑚𝑚
𝑛
1000
𝑆= = 200 𝑚𝑚 < 720 < 450 𝑚𝑚
5
Check spacing
b−2×cover con.−𝑛×𝑑𝑏 4
s= > 25𝑚𝑚 , > ∅ > 𝑑𝑎𝑔𝑔.𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒
𝑛−1 3
1000−2×25−5×16
s= = 218 𝑚𝑚 𝑜𝑘
5−1
Mu
𝑅= 𝛟 = 0.9
0.9𝑏𝑑 2
83
‫‪84‬‬
‫𝑐‪𝑑−‬‬
‫× 𝑢𝜖 = 𝑡𝜖‬
‫𝑐‬
‫‪𝜖𝑢 = 0.003‬‬
‫𝑚𝑚 ‪𝑑 = 200‬‬
‫𝑎‬
‫=𝑐‬
‫‪𝛽1‬‬
‫‪5∅16‬‬ ‫‪As =1005 𝑚𝑚2‬‬
‫𝑦𝑓 × ‪AS‬‬ ‫‪1005 × 420‬‬
‫=𝑎‬ ‫=‬ ‫𝑚𝑚 ‪= 20‬‬
‫𝑏 × ‪0.85 × 𝑓𝑐′‬‬ ‫‪0.85 × 25 × 1000‬‬
‫𝑎‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫=𝑐‬ ‫=‬ ‫𝑚𝑚 ‪= 24‬‬
‫‪𝛽1 0.85‬‬
‫‪200 − 24‬‬
‫× ‪𝜖𝑡 = 0.003‬‬ ‫𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑛𝑜𝑐 ‪= 0.022 > 0.005 𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 −‬‬
‫‪24‬‬
‫‪𝛟 = 0.9‬‬ ‫𝑘𝑜‬
‫‪85‬‬
Reinforcement
h 240 mm Fc 25 Mpa
d' 40 mm Fy 420 Mpa
d 200 mm m 19.7647
b 1000 mm n 6
Asmin use As
locatin b (mm) Mu (KN.m) R ρ As mm mm2 2
mm2 Ab mm2 d ∅
support 1 1000 0 0 0 0 432 432 72 9.57 10
span (1-2) 1000 57.29 1.591389 0.003943 789 432 789 131 12.93 14
support 2 1000 63.75 1.770833 0.004408 882 432 882 147 13.67 14
span (2-3) 1000 0 0 0 0 432 432 72 9.57 10
support 3 1000 8.86 0.246111 0.000589 118 432 432 72 9.57 10
span (3-4) 1000 15.79 0.438611 0.001055 211 432 432 72 9.57 10
support 4 1000 39.58 1.099444 0.002689 538 432 538 90 10.68 12
span (4-5) 1000 27.06 0.751667 0.001823 365 432 432 72 9.57 10
support 5 1000 0 0 0 0 432 432 72 9.57 10
span 1000 0 0 0 432 432 72 9.57 10
support 1000 0 0 0 432 432 72 9.57 10
6∅10/𝑚 6∅14/𝑚 6∅10/𝑚 6∅12/𝑚 6∅10/𝑚

6∅14/𝑚 6∅10/𝑚 6∅10/𝑚 6∅10/𝑚
86
5∅10/𝑚
➢ Shrinkage steel in the topping slab
As = ρmin b h
As = 0.0018×1000×240 = 432 mm2
𝑏
5∅10/𝑚 𝑆= < 5ℎ < 450 𝑚𝑚
𝑛
1000
𝑆= = 200 𝑚𝑚 < 1200 < 450 𝑚𝑚
5
ST.3
5.48 m
1.11 m
𝑝𝑢 = 11.66 𝑘𝑁
20.26
KN/m
5840 mm 1100 mm
87
‫𝑁𝑘 ‪𝑝𝑠 = 𝑊𝑊𝐴𝐿𝐿 × 3 × 𝑏 = 3.24 × 3 × 1 = 9.72‬‬
‫𝑁𝑘 ‪𝑝𝑢 = 1.2 × 9.72 = 11.66‬‬
‫‪NOTES‬‬
‫‪1- LOAD‬‬
‫𝑢𝑝‬
‫‪88‬‬
‫𝒃 × 𝒉 × 𝟐𝒎‪𝒑𝒔 = 𝑾𝒘𝒂𝒍𝒍 𝒌𝑵/‬‬ ‫𝒎𝟏 = 𝒃‬
‫𝒓𝒐‬
‫𝒃 × 𝒉 × ) ⋯ ‪𝒑𝒔 = (𝑾𝟏 + 𝑾𝟏 +‬‬
‫𝒓𝒐‬
‫𝒃 × 𝒉 × 𝒍𝒍𝒂𝒘𝒃 × 𝟑𝒎‪𝒑𝒔 = 𝜸𝒘𝒂𝒍𝒍 𝒌𝑵/‬‬
‫𝒓𝒐‬
‫𝒃 × 𝒉 × ) ⋯ ‪𝒑𝒔 = (𝜸𝟏 × 𝒃𝟏 + 𝜸𝟐 × 𝒃𝟐 +‬‬
‫𝒔𝒑 × 𝟐 ‪𝒑𝒖 = 𝟏.‬‬
‫‪1- Thickness‬‬
‫‪89‬‬
‫‪2- Condition‬‬
‫‪90‬‬
Analysis and Design of beams
➢ Beam Design Steps:
1. The design of the slab has been completed

2. Assume the initial dimensions of beam.
3. Transporting the loads of slab to the beam.
4. Calculation of bending moment and shear force.
6. Check if shear reinforcement is required.
A. The design of the slab has been completed:
𝑾𝒖 = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟐𝟑 𝒌𝑵/𝒎𝟐 RIBBED SLAB

B. Assume of initial dimensions of beam.
‫( اي ان سماكتة‬Drop Beam ) ‫• اذا كان الجسر طرفي فيكون عادتا جسر ساقط‬
‫ ويكون عرض الجسر عادتا نفس عرض االعمدة الحاملة‬, ‫اكبر من سماكة البالطة‬
. ‫لهذا الجسر اما سماكته نفرضها بحيث التقل عن سماكة البالطة او حسب الكود‬
91
‫‪92‬‬
‫• اذا كان الجسر داخلي فيكون عادتا جسر مخفي ) ‪ (Hidden Beam‬اي ان سماكته‬
‫تساوي سماكة البالطة اما عرض الجسر نفرضة كا التالي ‪:‬‬
‫‪𝐿1‬‬
‫‪𝐵1 -- 𝑏1‬‬
‫‪𝐿2‬‬
‫‪B2 – 𝑏2‬‬
‫‪𝐿3‬‬
‫‪m‬‬
‫‪B3 – 𝑏3‬‬
‫‪𝐿4‬‬
‫‪𝐿1 + 𝐿2‬‬
‫≅ ‪𝑏1‬‬ ‫)𝑚𝑚( ‪𝑏1 (𝑚𝑚) , 𝐿1‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪𝐿2 + 𝐿3‬‬
‫≅ ‪𝑏2‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪𝐿3 + 𝐿4‬‬
‫≅ ‪𝑏3‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫• اذا كان الجسر داخلي وغير مخفي يكون عرضة يساوي عرض االعمدة التي تحمل هذا‬
‫الجسر وسماكته ال تقل عن سماكة البالطة ‪.‬‬
‫‪93‬‬
‫𝑚𝑚 ‪𝒉𝒃𝒆𝒂𝒎 = 𝒉𝒔𝒍𝒂𝒃 = 𝟑10‬‬
‫‪𝐿1 + 𝐿2 5840 + 3410‬‬

‫≅ 𝒎𝒂𝒆𝒃𝒃‬ ‫≅‬ ‫𝑚𝑚 ‪≅ 900‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫𝑚𝑚 ‪𝐵1 ∶ 900 × 310‬‬
‫‪6.35 m‬‬ ‫‪4.40 m‬‬ ‫‪4.40 m‬‬ ‫‪6.50 m‬‬
‫‪94‬‬
C. Transporting the loads of beams to the slab.
➢ Area
One-Way
𝐿
𝑊𝑢 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 × 𝑆 × 𝐹
𝑊𝑢 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 𝐹=1
2
OR
𝐷𝐿 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 × 𝑆 × 𝐹
𝐷𝐿 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 𝐹=1
2
𝐿𝐿 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 × 𝑆 × 𝐹
𝐿𝐿 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 𝐹=1
2
𝑆1
𝑆2
95
‫‪Two-Way‬‬
‫𝐹 × 𝑆 × 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑠 𝑢𝑊‬
‫= 𝑚𝑎𝑒𝑏 𝑢𝑊‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪OR‬‬
‫𝐹 × 𝑆 × 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑠 𝐿𝐷‬
‫= 𝑚𝑎𝑒𝑏 𝐿𝐷‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫𝐹 × 𝑆 × 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑠 𝐿𝐿‬
‫= 𝑚𝑎𝑒𝑏 𝐿𝐿‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫=𝐹‬ ‫𝑒𝑙𝑔𝑛𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑇 𝑟𝑜𝐹‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪𝑆 2‬‬

‫𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑜𝑧𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑇 𝑟𝑜𝐹 ‪𝐹 = 1 − × ൬ ൰‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫𝐿‬
‫‪96‬‬
‫‪➢ Reaction‬‬
‫𝐿‬
‫𝑆‬
‫𝑢𝑊‬
‫𝑆‬
‫‪𝑅𝑢1‬‬ ‫‪𝑅𝑢1‬‬
‫‪𝑅𝑢1‬‬
‫= 𝑚𝑎𝑒𝑏 𝑢𝑊‬
‫𝑓𝑏‬
‫𝑟𝑂‬
‫𝐿𝐷𝑅‬
‫= 𝑚𝑎𝑒𝑏 𝐿𝐷‬
‫𝑓𝑏‬
‫𝐿𝐿𝑅‬
‫= 𝑚𝑎𝑒𝑏 𝐿𝐿‬
‫𝑓𝑏‬
‫‪97‬‬
‫𝑚𝑚 ‪𝐵1 ∶ 900 × 310‬‬
‫‪6.35 m‬‬ ‫‪4.40 m‬‬ ‫‪4.40 m‬‬ ‫‪6.50 m‬‬
‫𝑚‪5.84‬‬
‫𝑚‪4.40‬‬ ‫𝑚‪4.40‬‬
‫𝑚 ‪6.35‬‬ ‫𝑚‪6.50‬‬
‫𝑚‪2.9‬‬
‫𝑚‪2.9‬‬
‫𝑚‪1.11‬‬
‫𝑚‪3.41‬‬ ‫𝑚‪3.41‬‬
‫‪98‬‬
‫‪➢ Area‬‬
‫𝟐𝒎‪𝑾𝒖 = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟐𝟑 𝒌𝑵/‬‬
‫‪• From S1‬‬
‫𝐹 × 𝑆 × 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑠 𝑢𝑊‬
‫= 𝑚𝑎𝑒𝑏 𝑢𝑊‬ ‫‪𝐹=1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪17.23 × 5.84 × 1‬‬

‫= 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑠 𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑒𝑏 𝑢𝑊‬ ‫𝑚‪= 50.31 𝑘𝑁/‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪• From S2‬‬
‫‪17.23 × 3.41 × 1‬‬

‫= 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑠 𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑒𝑏 𝑢𝑊‬ ‫𝑚‪= 29.38 𝑘𝑁/‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪• From S3‬‬
‫𝑚‪𝑊𝑢 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 17.23 × 1.11 × 1 = 19.13 𝑘𝑁/‬‬
‫𝑚𝑎𝑒𝑏 𝑢𝑊‬ ‫𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑤 𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑓‬ ‫𝑚‪= 3.24 × 3.25 × 1.2 = 12.72 𝑘𝑁/‬‬
‫𝑚‪𝑊𝑢 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 (𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏+𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙) = 19.13 + 12.72 = 31.85 𝑘𝑁/‬‬
‫𝒅𝒂𝒐𝒍 𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒐𝑻 •‬
‫𝑚‪𝑊𝑢 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 50.31 + 29.38 = 79.69 𝑘𝑁/‬‬
‫𝑚‪𝑊𝑢 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 50.31 + 31.85 = 82.16 𝑘𝑁/‬‬
‫‪99‬‬
‫𝑚‪𝑊𝑢 = 50.31 𝑘𝑁/‬‬
‫𝑚‪𝑊𝑢 = 29.38 𝑘𝑁/‬‬ ‫𝑚‪𝑊𝑢 = 31.85 𝑘𝑁/‬‬

‫𝑚‪𝑊𝑢 = 29.38 𝑘𝑁/‬‬
‫𝒎‪𝑾𝒖 = 𝟕𝟗. 𝟔𝟗 𝒌𝑵/‬‬ ‫𝒎‪𝑾𝒖 = 𝟖𝟐. 𝟏𝟔 𝒌𝑵/‬‬ ‫𝒎‪𝑾𝒖 = 𝟕𝟗. 𝟔𝟗 𝒌𝑵/‬‬
‫𝒄𝜸‬ ‫𝟒𝟐‬
‫× 𝒃 × 𝒉 = 𝒎𝒂𝒆𝒃 𝒇𝒐 𝒕𝒉𝒈𝒊𝒆𝒘 𝒏𝒘𝑶‬ ‫× 𝟏𝟑 ‪= 𝟎. 𝟗 × 𝟎.‬‬ ‫𝒎‪= 𝟑. 𝟑𝟓 𝒌𝑵/‬‬
‫𝟐‬ ‫𝟐‬
‫‪100‬‬
D. Calculation of bending moment and shear force.
➢ Use PROKON
101
E. Reinforcement calculation.
ρ 0.005 =0.85β1
𝑓𝑐 ′−28
β1=0.85-0.05 0.65 ≤β1≤0.85
7

25−28
β1=0.85-0.05 = 0.87 𝑢𝑠𝑒 0.85
7
ρ 0.005 =0.85×0.85
25 0.003
420 0.003+ 0.002
ρ0.005 = 0.0161
Mu → R → ቀρ , ρ0.005 ቁ
𝐼𝐹 ρ < ρ0.005 Single Reinforcement
Mu → R → ൫ρ , ρ min ൯use max → AS → nember of bar and dimeter
102
𝐼𝐹 ρ > ρ0.005 Double Reinforcement
𝑑′
≤ 0.12 𝑓 ′ = 𝑓𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛. 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑦𝑖𝑙𝑑𝑠
𝑑 𝑠
𝑑′ ′
> 0.12 𝑓 < 𝑓𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛. 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑦𝑖𝑙𝑑𝑠
𝑑 𝑠
′
AS2 → Mn2 → Mn1 → 𝑓𝑠 → 𝐴𝑠 ′ → AS → nember of bar and dimater
Mn : nomial resistang moment (KN. m)

c: Distance to the neutral axis.
𝑓𝑠′ = 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑
𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠, 𝑒𝑥𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡,
Span (1-2)
Mu = 272.79 kN. m b = 900 mm
20
𝑑 ′ = (40 + 10 + 2 ) ≈ 60 𝑚𝑚.
′
𝑑= ℎ − 𝑑
𝑑= 310-60 = 250 𝑚𝑚.

Mu 272.79 ×106
𝑅= = = 5.39 Mpa
0.9𝑏𝑑 2 0.9×900×2502
1 2 2×𝑚×𝑅
ρ = ቀ ቁ ൤1 − ට1 − ൨
𝑚 𝑓𝑦
103
1 2 2 × 19.76 × 5.39
ρ=൬ ൰ ቎1 − ඨ1 − ቏ = 0.01508 < ρ0.005 = 0.0161
19.76 420
ρ < ρ0.005 Single Reinforcement
0.25×ඥ𝑓𝑐′
ρmin = 𝑓𝑦
𝑓𝑐 ′ > 31𝑀𝑃𝑎
1.4 1.4
ρmin = = = 0.00333 𝑓𝑐 ′ ≤ 31𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑓𝑦 420
Use ρ = 0.01508
As = ρ b d = 0.01508 × 900 × 250 = 3393 𝑚𝑚2
𝑏
𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑛 = ±1+1+1
100
900
𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑛 = = 9,8,10,11,12
100
𝐴𝑆 3393
Ab = = = 424.13 𝑚𝑚2 ∅ As
𝑛 8
∅10 79
∅12 114
∅14 154
∅16 201
2 Ab ×4 2 424.13×4
𝑑=ට =ට = 23.24 𝑚𝑚 ∅18 254
𝜋 𝜋 ∅20 314
∅22 380
Use ∅𝟐𝟓 ∅25 491
Use 𝟖∅𝟐𝟓 𝑨𝒔 = 𝟑𝟗𝟐𝟖 𝑚𝑚2 > 𝟑𝟑𝟗𝟑 𝑚𝑚2 𝑜𝑘
104
As 3393
n Ab d ∅
8 424.13 23.24 25
9 377.00 21.91 22
10 339.30 20.78 22
11 308.45 19.82 20
12 282.75 18.97 20
𝑈𝑠𝑒 11∅20 AS = 3454 𝑚𝑚2 > 3393 𝑚𝑚2 𝑜𝑘
Check spacing
b−2×cover con.−2×𝑑𝑠 −𝑛×𝑑𝑏

s= > 25𝑚𝑚 , > ∅ > 1.5𝑎𝑔𝑔. 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒
𝑛−1
900−2×40−2×10−11×20
s= 11−1
= 58 𝑚𝑚 𝑜𝑘
Mu
𝑅= 𝛟 = 0.9
0.9𝑏𝑑 2
105
‫‪106‬‬
‫𝑐‪𝑑−‬‬
‫× 𝑢𝜖 = 𝑡𝜖‬
‫𝑐‬
‫‪𝜖𝑢 = 0.003‬‬
‫𝑚𝑚 ‪𝑑 = 250‬‬
‫𝑎‬
‫=𝑐‬
‫‪𝛽1‬‬
‫‪11∅20‬‬ ‫‪As =3454 𝑚𝑚2‬‬
‫𝑦𝑓 × ‪AS‬‬ ‫‪3454 × 420‬‬
‫=𝑎‬ ‫=‬ ‫𝑚𝑚 ‪= 76‬‬
‫𝑏 × ‪0.85 × 𝑓𝑐′‬‬ ‫‪0.85 × 25 × 900‬‬
‫𝑎‬ ‫‪76‬‬
‫=𝑐‬ ‫=‬ ‫𝑚𝑚 ‪= 89‬‬
‫‪𝛽1 0.85‬‬
‫‪250 − 89‬‬
‫× ‪𝜖𝑡 = 0.003‬‬ ‫𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑛𝑜𝑐 ‪= 0.0054 > 0.005 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 −‬‬
‫‪89‬‬
‫𝐤𝐨 𝟗 ‪𝛟 = 𝟎.‬‬
‫‪Assumed‬‬ ‫‪𝜖𝑡 = 0.0046‬‬
‫𝑘𝑜 𝑛𝑜𝑖𝑡𝑐𝑒𝑠 ‪0.002 < 0.0046 < 0.005 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 − − −‬‬
‫𝛟 ‪Calculate‬‬
‫‪107‬‬
൫𝜖𝑡 − 0.02൯
ϕ = 0.65 + 0.25
(0.005 − 0.002)
(0.0046 − 0.02)
ϕ = 0.65 + 0.25 = 0.87
(0.005 − 0.002)
Mu 272.79 ×106
𝑅= = = 5.57 Mpa
ϕ𝑏𝑑 2 0.87×900×2502
1 2 2×𝑚×𝑅
ρ = ቀ ቁ ൤1 − ට1 − ൨
𝑚 𝑓𝑦
1 2 2 × 19.76 × 5.57
ρ=൬ ൰ ቎1 − ඨ 1 − ቏ = 0.01571 < ρ0.005 = 0.0161
19.76 420
ρ < ρ0.005 Single Reinforcement
0.25×ඥ𝑓𝑐′
ρmin = 𝑓𝑦
𝑓𝑐 ′ > 31𝑀𝑃𝑎
1.4 1.4
ρmin = = = 0.00333 𝑓𝑐 ′ ≤ 31𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑓𝑦 420
Use ρ = 0.01571
As = ρ b d = 0.01571 × 900 × 250 = 3535 𝑚𝑚2
𝑏
𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑛 = ±1+1+1
100
900
𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑛 = = 9,8,10,11,12
100
108
𝐴𝑆 3353
Ab = = = 441.88 𝑚𝑚2 ∅ As
𝑛 8
∅10 79
∅12 114
∅14 154
∅16 201
2 Ab ×4 2 441.88×4
𝑑=ට =ට = 23.72 𝑚𝑚 ∅18 254
𝜋 𝜋 ∅20 314
∅22 380
Use ∅𝟐𝟓 ∅25 491
Use 𝟖∅𝟐𝟓 𝑨𝒔 = 𝟑𝟗𝟐𝟖 𝑚𝑚2 > 𝟑𝟓𝟑𝟓 𝑚𝑚2 𝑜𝑘
As 3535
n Ab d ∅
8 441.88 23.72 25
9 392.78 22.36 22
10 353.50 21.22 22
11 321.36 20.23 22
12 294.58 19.37 20
𝑈𝑠𝑒 12∅20 AS = 3768 𝑚𝑚2 > 3535 𝑚𝑚2 𝑜𝑘
Check spacing
b−2×cover con.−2×𝑑𝑠 −𝑛×𝑑𝑏

s= > 25𝑚𝑚 , > ∅ > 1.5𝑎𝑔𝑔. 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒
𝑛−1
900−2×40−2×10−12×20
s= = 51 𝑚𝑚 𝑜𝑘
12−1
109
‫‪110‬‬
Support (2)
Mu = 322.14 kN. m b = 900 mm
20
𝑑 ′ = (40 + 10 + 2 ) ≈ 60 𝑚𝑚.
′
𝑑= ℎ − 𝑑
𝑑= 310-60 = 250 𝑚𝑚.

Mu 322.14 ×106
𝑅= = = 6.36 Mpa
0.9𝑏𝑑 2 0.9×900×2502
1 2 2×𝑚×𝑅
ρ = ቀ ቁ ൤1 − ට1 − ൨
𝑚 𝑓𝑦
1 2 2 × 19.76 × 6.36
ρ=൬ ൰ ቎1 − ඨ1 − ቏ = 0.01854 > ρ0.005 = 0.0161
19.76 420
ρ > ρ0.005 Double Reinforcement
𝑑′
≤ 0.12 𝑓 ′ = 𝑓𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛. 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑦𝑖𝑙𝑑𝑠
𝑑 𝑠
𝑑′
> 0.12 𝑓 ′ < 𝑓𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛. 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑦𝑖𝑙𝑑𝑠
𝑑 𝑠
60
= 0.24 > 0.12 𝑓𝑠 ′ < 𝑓𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛. 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑦𝑖𝑙𝑑𝑠
250
′
AS2 → Mn2 → Mn1 → 𝑓𝑠 → 𝐴𝑠 ′ → AS → nember of bar and dimater
1.4 1.4
ρmin = = = 0.00333 𝑓𝑐 ′ ≤ 31𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑓𝑦 420
AS min = 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 b d = 0.00333 × 900 × 250 = 749 𝑚𝑚2
111
‫‪AS2 = 𝜌0.005 𝑏𝑑 = 0.0016 × 900 × 250 = 3623 𝑚𝑚2‬‬
‫𝑎‬
‫‪𝑀𝑛2 = 𝐴𝑆2 × 𝑓𝑦 × ൬𝑑 − ൰‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫𝑦𝑓 × ‪AS2‬‬ ‫‪3623 × 420‬‬

‫=𝑎‬ ‫=‬ ‫𝑚𝑚 ‪= 79.56‬‬
‫𝑏 × ‪0.85 × 𝑓𝑐′‬‬ ‫‪0.85 × 25 × 900‬‬
‫‪79.56‬‬
‫‪𝑀𝑛2 = 3623 × 420 × ቆ250 −‬‬ ‫𝑚 ‪ቇ × 10−6 = 319.88 𝑘𝑁.‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪𝑀𝑛1 = 𝑀𝑛 − 𝑀𝑛2‬‬
‫𝑛𝑀‬ ‫‪322.14‬‬
‫= 𝑛𝑀‬ ‫=‬ ‫𝑚 ‪= 357.93 𝑘𝑁.‬‬
‫‪0.9‬‬ ‫‪0.9‬‬
‫𝑚 ‪𝑀𝑛1 = 357.93 − 319.88 = 38.05 𝑘𝑁.‬‬
‫‪′‬‬
‫𝑆𝐸 × ‪𝑓𝑠 = 𝜖𝑠 ′‬‬
‫‪′‬‬
‫‪𝑐 − 𝑑′‬‬
‫× 𝑢𝜖 = 𝑠𝜖‬
‫𝑐‬
‫𝑎‬ ‫‪79.56‬‬
‫=𝑐‬ ‫=‬ ‫𝑚𝑚 ‪= 93.60‬‬
‫‪𝛽1‬‬ ‫‪0.85‬‬
‫‪93.60 − 60‬‬
‫× ‪𝜖𝑠 ′ = 0.003‬‬ ‫‪= 0.00108‬‬
‫‪93.60‬‬
‫‪′‬‬
‫𝑎𝑃𝑀 ‪𝑓𝑠 = 0.00108 × 200000 = 216‬‬
‫‪Mn1‬‬
‫= ‪𝐴𝑠 ′‬‬ ‫‪′‬‬
‫) ‪𝑓𝑠 × (𝑑 − 𝑑 ′‬‬
‫‪38.05 × 106‬‬
‫‪′‬‬
‫= 𝑠𝐴‬ ‫𝑘𝑜 ‪= 927 𝑚𝑚2 > AS min‬‬
‫)‪216 × (250 − 60‬‬
‫‪112‬‬
As 927 𝑚𝑚2
n Ab d ∅
4 231.79 17.18 18
5 185.43 15.37 16
6 154.52 14.03 16
7 132.45 12.99 14
8 115.89 12.15 14
𝑈𝑠𝑒 5∅16 AS = 1005 𝑚𝑚2 > 927 𝑚𝑚2 𝑜𝑘
AS = AS2 + AS1
AS = AS2 + AS1
′
𝐴𝑠 ′ × 𝑓𝑠
AS1 =
𝑓𝑦
927.14 × 216
AS1 = = 477 𝑚𝑚2
420
AS = 3623 + 477 = 4100 𝑚𝑚2 > AS min 𝑜𝑘
As 4100 𝑚𝑚2
n Ab d ∅
8 512.50 25.54 28
9 455.56 24.08 25
10 410.00 22.85 25
11 372.73 21.78 22
12 341.67 20.86 22
𝑈𝑠𝑒 12∅22 AS = 4562 𝑚𝑚2 > 4100 𝑚𝑚2 𝑜𝑘
900−2×40−2×10−12×22
s= = 49 𝑚𝑚 𝑜𝑘
12−1
113
‫‪Check Strength reduction factor ϕ‬‬
‫‪Mu‬‬
‫=𝑅‬ ‫‪𝛟 = 0.9‬‬
‫‪0.9𝑏𝑑 2‬‬
‫‪114‬‬
‫‪115‬‬
‫𝑐‪𝑑−‬‬
‫× 𝑢𝜖 = 𝑡𝜖‬
‫𝑐‬
‫‪𝜖𝑢 = 0.003‬‬
‫𝑚𝑚 ‪𝑑 = 250‬‬
‫𝑎‬
‫=𝑐‬
‫‪𝛽1‬‬
‫‪12∅22‬‬ ‫‪AS = 4562 𝑚𝑚2‬‬
‫𝑦𝑓 × ) ‪(AS − 𝐴𝑠 ′‬‬ ‫‪(4562 − 1005) × 420‬‬
‫=𝑎‬ ‫=‬ ‫𝑚𝑚 ‪= 78‬‬
‫𝑏 × ‪0.85 × 𝑓𝑐′‬‬ ‫‪0.85 × 25 × 900‬‬
‫𝑎‬ ‫‪78‬‬
‫=𝑐‬ ‫=‬ ‫𝑚𝑚 ‪= 92‬‬
‫‪𝛽1 0.85‬‬
‫‪250 − 92‬‬
‫× ‪𝜖𝑡 = 0.003‬‬ ‫𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑛𝑜𝑐 ‪= 0.00515 > 0.005 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 −‬‬
‫‪92‬‬
‫𝐤𝐨 𝟗 ‪𝛟 = 𝟎.‬‬
‫‪116‬‬
‫𝑎‬ ‫‪′‬‬
‫‪𝑀𝑛 = 𝛟 ൤ 𝐴𝑆 × 𝑓𝑦 × ൬𝑑 − ൰ + 𝐴𝑠 ′ × 𝑓𝑠 (𝑑 − 𝑑 ′ )൨‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪92‬‬
‫‪𝑀𝑛 = 𝟎. 𝟗 ൤5462 × 420 × ൬250 − ൰ + 1005 × 216(250 − 60)൨ × 10−6‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫𝑚 ‪𝑀𝑛 = 458.31𝐾𝑁.‬‬
‫‪6∅14‬‬ ‫‪12∅22‬‬
‫‪12∅20‬‬ ‫‪5∅16‬‬
‫‪6∅14‬‬ ‫‪12∅22‬‬
‫‪12∅20‬‬
‫‪As min‬‬ ‫‪749 𝑚𝑚2‬‬

‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪Ab‬‬ ‫‪d‬‬ ‫∅‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪129.83‬‬ ‫‪12.86‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪111.29‬‬ ‫‪11.90‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪97.38‬‬ ‫‪11.13‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪86.56‬‬ ‫‪10.50‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪77.90‬‬ ‫‪9.96‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪𝑈𝑠𝑒 6∅14‬‬ ‫𝑘𝑜 ‪AS = 924 𝑚𝑚2 > 749 𝑚𝑚2‬‬
‫‪117‬‬
F. Check if shear reinforcement is required.
Vu = 321.5 kN
Vu @𝑑 = 289 kN
ØVC = Ø × 0.17 × ට 𝑓𝑐 ′ × bw × d
= 0.75× 0.17 × ඥ25 × 900 × 250 ×10-3 = 143.44 KN
Since Vu @d > ØVC , Need for shear reinforcement
Find VS:
ØVc 143.44
Vc = = = 191.25 kN
Ø 0.75
Vu @𝑑 289
Vs = − Vc = − 191.25 = 194.08 kN
Ø 0.75
𝑓𝑦𝑡 = 280 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑏 900
Use ∅10 As = 79 𝑚𝑚2 𝑛≅ = =3
300 300
Av = 2× n × As
Av = 2 × 3 × 79 = 474 𝑚𝑚2
Av × 𝑓𝑦𝑡 × d 474 × 280 × 250

Sreq = = = 171 mm use 170 mm
Vs 194.08 × 103
118
1 𝑑
𝐼𝐹 Vs ≤ × 𝑓 ′ × bw × d S = 600 , S =
3 ට 𝑐 2
1 𝑑
𝐼𝐹 Vs > × 𝑓 ′ × bw × d S = 300 , S =
3 ට 𝑐 4
2
𝐼𝐹 Vs > × 𝑓 ′ × bw × d chang the beam section
3 ට 𝑐
1 1
× ට 𝑓𝑐 ′ × bw × d = × ඥ25 × 900 × 250 × 10−3 = 275 kN
3 3
𝐼𝐹 Vs < 275 KN
𝑑 250
S = 600 S= = = 125 𝑚𝑚
2 2
𝑼𝒔𝒆 𝟑∅𝟏𝟎@𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝒎𝒎 𝒄. 𝒄
6∅14 12∅22
12∅20
900 𝑚𝑚
12∅22
310 𝑚𝑚
𝟑∅𝟏𝟎@𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝒎𝒎 𝒄. 𝒄
12∅20
119
6∅14 12∅22
12∅22
𝐿
L= lap splice lengths
L=1.3ℓd and 300 mm ℓd :Development length
120
‫‪121‬‬
‫𝒆𝜳×𝒕𝜳 ×𝒚𝒇‬
‫‪𝓵𝒅 = ቌ‬‬ ‫𝟐‬
‫𝒃𝒅 ‪ቍ‬‬
‫𝒄 𝒇‪𝟏.𝟕 𝝀 ට‬‬
‫𝑎𝑝𝑀‪𝒇𝑦 = 420‬‬ ‫‪𝛹𝑡 = 1.3‬‬ ‫‪𝛹𝑒 = 1‬‬ ‫‪𝜆=1‬‬ ‫𝑎𝑝𝑀 ‪𝑓𝑐 = 25‬‬ ‫𝑚𝑚 ‪𝑑𝑏 = 22‬‬
‫‪420×1.3×1‬‬
‫‪ℓ𝑑 = ൬‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫𝑚𝑚 ‪൰ × 22 = 1413‬‬
‫‪1.7×1× ඥ25‬‬
‫‪420 × 1.3 × 1‬‬

‫‪ℓ𝑑 = ቆ‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫𝑚𝑚 ‪ቇ × 14 = 899.29‬‬
‫‪1.7 × 1 × ඥ25‬‬
‫‪4562‬‬
‫‪12∅22‬‬ ‫‪AS = 4562 𝑚𝑚2 > 4100 𝑚𝑚2‬‬ ‫‪= 1.11 < 2‬‬
‫‪4100‬‬
‫‪L= 1.3ℓd and 300 mm‬‬
‫𝑘𝑜 𝑚𝑚‪𝐿 = 1.3ℓ𝑑 = 1.3 × 899.29 = ൫1169 ,1413 𝑚𝑚൯ = 1413 ≅ 1500 𝑚𝑚 > 300‬‬
‫𝑚𝑚 ‪𝐿 = 60 × ∅ = 60 × 22 = 1320 𝑚𝑚 ≅ 1400‬‬
‫𝑚𝑚 ‪𝐿 = 65 × ∅ = 65 × 22 = 1430 𝑚𝑚 ≅ 1500‬‬
‫‪122‬‬
Analysis and Design of columns
➢ Columns Design Steps:
1. The design of the beam has been completed.

2. Calculate the loads applied to the column.
3. Determine the initial dimensions of column.
4. Calculation of bending moment.
5. Check if the column is slender or short.
123
A. The design of the beam has been completed.
B1 ∶ 900X310 ൫𝑚𝑚2 ൯
𝐷𝐿𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 11.69 𝐾𝑁/𝑚2
𝐿𝐿𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 2 𝐾𝑁/𝑚2
B. Calculate the loads applied to the column.

➢ AREA
124
‫‪125‬‬
DEAD LOAD
𝑃𝐷𝐿 = ൣ൫𝐴 × 𝐷𝐿𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 × 𝑛൯ + ൫𝑏 × ℎ × 𝛾𝑐 × 𝑙𝑐𝑜𝑙.𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 ൯ + ⋯ ൧ × 1.1
LIVE LOAD
𝑃𝐿𝐿 = ൫𝐴 × 𝐿𝐿𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 × 𝑛൯ × 1.1
𝐴:Area around the studied column.

𝑛:Number of storey.
𝑏, ℎ: 𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛
126
𝐴 = 𝐿𝑥 × 𝐿𝑦
6.35+4.4
𝐿𝑥 = = 5.38 𝑚
2
5.95+3.41
𝐿𝑦 = = 4.68 𝑚
2
𝐴 = 5.38 × 4.68 = 25.18 𝑚2

𝑛 = 5 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑦
𝑙𝑐𝑜𝑙.𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 5 × 3.38 + 2 = 18.9 𝑚
𝑃𝐷𝐿 = ൣ(25.18 × 11.69 × 5) + (0.3 × 0.3 × 24 × 18.9) +

(3.24 × 2.5 × (3.38 − 0.31) × 5)൧ × 1.1 = 1801𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝐿𝐿 = (25.18 × 2 × 5) × 1.1 = 278 𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝑢 = 1.2 × 1801 + 1.6 × 278 = 2606 𝑘𝑁
C. Determine of initial dimensions of column.
𝑃𝑢
𝐴= 𝐹 = (0.4 − 0.5)
𝐹 × 𝑓𝑐 ′
𝑜𝑟
𝑃𝑢
𝐴= 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑑
∅ × 0.8൫0.85 𝑓𝑐′ + 𝝆(𝑓𝑦 − 0.85 𝑓𝑐′ ൯
𝑃𝑢
𝐴= 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑙
∅ × 0.85൫0.85 𝑓𝑐′ + 𝝆(𝑓𝑦 − 0.85 𝑓𝑐′ ൯
∅ = 0.75 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑙 ∅ = 0.65 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑑

𝝆 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏
127
‫‪2606 × 103‬‬
‫=𝐴‬ ‫‪= 208480 𝑚𝑚2‬‬
‫‪0.5 × 25‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪2606 × 10‬‬
‫=𝐴‬ ‫‪= 198575𝑚𝑚2‬‬
‫‪0.65 × 0.8൫0.85 × 25 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏(420 − 0.85 × 25)൯‬‬
‫‪208480‬‬
‫𝑚𝑚 ‪𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑏 = 300‬‬ ‫=‪ℎ‬‬ ‫𝑚𝑚 ‪≈ 700‬‬
‫‪300‬‬
‫‪𝐶1 : 300 × 700 𝑚𝑚2‬‬ ‫𝑟𝑂‬ ‫‪𝐶1 : 300 × 600 𝑚𝑚2‬‬
‫‪𝐶1 : 300 × 650 𝑚𝑚2‬‬ ‫𝑟𝑂‬ ‫‪𝐶1 : 250 × 650 𝑚𝑚2‬‬
‫‪Use 𝐶1 : 250 × 650 𝑚𝑚2‬‬
‫‪D. Calculation of bending moment.‬‬
‫‪128‬‬
‫‪55.90 KN.m‬‬
‫‪-55.90 KN.m‬‬
‫𝒎 ‪𝑴𝒖 𝒕𝒐𝒑 = 𝟓𝟓. 𝟗𝟎 𝒌𝑵.‬‬
‫𝒎 ‪𝑴𝒖 𝒃𝒐𝒕 = 𝟓𝟓. 𝟗𝟎 𝒌𝑵.‬‬
‫‪h‬‬
‫‪b‬‬ ‫‪Beam‬‬
‫‪129‬‬
‫‪E. Check if the column is slender or short.‬‬
‫‪𝑘: 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒.‬‬
‫‪𝑙𝑢 : 𝑈𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟.‬‬
‫‪𝑟: 𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑦𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.‬‬
‫‪𝑟 = 0.25𝐷 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑠.‬‬
‫‪𝑟 = 0.3ℎ 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑠.‬‬
‫‪𝑀𝑢1 : 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟.‬‬
‫‪𝑀𝑢2 : 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟.‬‬
‫‪130‬‬
‫‪𝑏×ℎ3‬‬
‫= 𝑔𝐼‬
‫‪12‬‬
‫‪900×3103‬‬
‫= 𝑚𝑎𝑒𝑏 𝑔𝐼‬ ‫‪= 2.23 × 109 𝑚𝑚4‬‬
‫‪12‬‬
‫‪650×2503‬‬
‫= 𝑛𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑜𝑐 𝑔𝐼‬ ‫‪= 0.85 × 109 𝑚𝑚4‬‬
‫‪12‬‬
‫𝑛𝑜𝑖𝑡𝑐𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑟‬
‫‪𝐼 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 0.35𝐼𝑔 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 2.23 × 109 × 0.35 = 0.781 × 109 𝑚𝑚4‬‬
‫‪𝐼 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 = 0.7𝐼𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 = 0.85 × 109 × 0.7 = 0.595 × 109 𝑚𝑚4‬‬
‫𝑛𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑜𝑐 𝑓𝑜 𝑑𝑛𝑒 𝑓𝑜 𝑜𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑡𝑠 ‪𝛹𝐵 :‬‬

‫𝑑𝑛𝑒 ‪− 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑡 𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ‬‬
‫‪3𝛹𝐵 + 1.4‬‬
‫=𝑘‬ ‫)∞ = ‪𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑛𝑑 ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑒 (ΨA‬‬
‫‪3𝛹𝐵 + 2‬‬
‫‪0.7𝛹𝐵 + 0.32‬‬
‫=𝑘‬ ‫)‪𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑓𝑖𝑥𝑒𝑑 (ΨA = 0‬‬
‫‪𝛹𝐵 + 0.64‬‬
‫‪131‬‬
3𝛹𝐴 𝛹𝐵 + 1.4൫𝛹𝐴 + 𝛹𝐵 ൯ + 0.64
𝑘= 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑒𝑛𝑑
3𝛹𝐴 𝛹𝐵 + 2൫𝛹𝐴 + 𝛹𝐵 ൯ + 1.28
ΨB = !
σ 𝐸𝑐 IC ΤLC
ΨB =
σ 𝐸𝑐 Ib ΤLb
ΨB = ! ΨA = !
ΨB = !
0.595×109 0.595×109
3.38
+ 3.38
ΨB = 0.781×109 0.781×109
= 1.17
4.4
+ 6.35
ΨA = ∞
0.7 × 1.17 + 0.32 ΨA = 0
𝑘= = 0.63
1.17 + 0.64
ℎ𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 ℎ𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚
𝑙𝑢 = 𝑙𝑐 − −
2 2
0.31 0.31
𝑙𝑢 = 3.38 − − = 3.07m
2 2
𝑟 = 0.3 × 250 = 75 𝑚𝑚
𝑘𝑙𝑢 0.63 × 3070

= = 25.79
𝑟 75
𝑴𝟏 𝟓𝟓. 𝟗𝟎
𝟑𝟒 − 𝟏𝟐 ቆ ቇ = 𝟑𝟒 − 𝟏𝟐 ቆ− ቇ = 𝟒𝟔 > 𝟒𝟎 𝑼𝑺𝑬 𝟒𝟎
𝑴𝟐 𝟓𝟓. 𝟗𝟎
25.79 < 40 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛
132
‫‪F. Reinforcement calculation.‬‬
‫‪ℎ − 2𝑑 ′ 250 − 2 × 60‬‬

‫=𝛾‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.52‬‬
‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫‪250‬‬
‫𝑢𝑃‬ ‫‪2606 × 103‬‬

‫= 𝑢𝐾‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.99‬‬
‫‪0.65 × ƒ𝑐′ × 𝐴𝑔 0.65 × 25 × 250 × 650‬‬
‫‪𝑀𝑢 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑃𝑢 (15.24 + 0.03ℎ) = 2606(15.24 + 0.03 × 250) × 10−3‬‬

‫𝑚 ‪= 59.26 𝑘𝑁.‬‬
‫𝑢𝑀‬ ‫‪59.26 × 106‬‬

‫= 𝑢𝑅‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.9‬‬
‫‪0.65 × ƒ𝑐′ × 𝐴𝑔 × ℎ 0.65 × 25 × 250 × 650 × 250‬‬
‫𝒕𝒏𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒄𝒓𝒐𝒇𝒏𝒊𝒆𝒓 𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒊𝒅𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒈𝒏𝒐𝒍 𝒎𝒖𝒎𝒊𝒙𝒂𝒎 𝒅𝒏𝒂 𝒎𝒖𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒊𝑴‬
‫𝟖𝟎 ‪𝝆 (𝟎. 𝟎𝟏 − 𝟎.‬‬
‫‪133‬‬
‫‪134‬‬
‫‪𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝜌 =0.03‬‬
‫‪It is better to increase dimensions‬‬
‫‪𝐶1 : 300 × 600 𝑚𝑚2‬‬
‫‪900×3103‬‬
‫= 𝑚𝑎𝑒𝑏 𝑔𝐼‬ ‫‪= 2.23 × 109 𝑚𝑚4‬‬
‫‪12‬‬
‫‪600×3003‬‬
‫= 𝑛𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑜𝑐 𝑔𝐼‬ ‫‪= 1.35 × 109 𝑚𝑚4‬‬
‫‪12‬‬
‫‪𝐼 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 0.35𝐼𝑔 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 2.23 × 109 × 0.35 = 0.781 × 109 𝑚𝑚4‬‬
‫‪0.95 × 109‬‬ ‫‪0.95 × 109‬‬

‫‪+‬‬
‫‪3.38‬‬ ‫‪3.38‬‬
‫= ‪ΨB‬‬ ‫‪= 1.87‬‬
‫‪0.781 × 109‬‬ ‫‪0.781 × 109‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪4.4‬‬ ‫‪6.35‬‬
‫‪135‬‬
‫‪0.7 × 1.87 + 0.32‬‬
‫=𝑘‬ ‫‪= 0.65‬‬
‫‪1.87 + 0.64‬‬
‫𝑚𝑎𝑒𝑏‪ℎ𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 ℎ‬‬
‫‪𝑙𝑢 = 𝑙𝑐 −‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪0.31 0.31‬‬
‫‪𝑙𝑢 = 3.38 −‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪= 3.07m‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫𝑚𝑚 ‪𝑟 = 0.3 × 300 = 90‬‬
‫‪𝑘𝑙𝑢 0.65 × 3070‬‬

‫=‬ ‫‪= 22.17‬‬
‫𝑟‬ ‫‪75‬‬
‫𝟏𝑴‬ ‫𝟖𝟕 ‪𝟕𝟏.‬‬

‫‪𝟑𝟒 − 𝟏𝟐 ቆ ቇ = 𝟑𝟒 − 𝟏𝟐 ൬−‬‬ ‫𝟎𝟒 𝑬𝑺𝑼 𝟎𝟒 > 𝟔𝟒 = ‪൰‬‬
‫𝟐𝑴‬ ‫𝟖𝟕 ‪𝟕𝟏.‬‬
‫‪22.17 < 40‬‬ ‫𝑛𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑜𝑐 𝑡𝑟𝑜‪𝑆ℎ‬‬
‫‪𝑀𝑢 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑃𝑢 (15.24 + 0.03ℎ) = 2606(15.24 + 0.03 × 300) × 10−3‬‬

‫𝑚 ‪= 63.17 𝑘𝑁.‬‬
‫𝑢𝑃‬ ‫‪2606 × 103‬‬

‫= 𝑢𝐾‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.89‬‬
‫‪0.65 × ƒ𝑐′ × 𝐴𝑔 0.65 × 25 × 300 × 600‬‬
‫𝑢𝑀‬ ‫‪71.78 × 106‬‬

‫= 𝑢𝑅‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.082‬‬
‫‪0.65 × ƒ𝑐′ × 𝐴𝑔 × ℎ 0.65 × 25 × 300 × 600 × 300‬‬
‫‪136‬‬
𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝜌 =0.019
𝑨𝒔 = 𝝆𝒃𝒉 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟗 × 𝟑𝟎𝟎 × 𝟔𝟎𝟎 = 𝟑𝟒𝟐𝟎 𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝑏+ℎ 300+600
𝑛= ∓2+2= = 9 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 10 ,8,12,14
100 100
∅ ≥ 𝟏𝟒 𝒏 ≥ 𝟒 𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏
As 3420
n Ab d ∅
8 427.50 23.33 25
10 342.00 20.87 22
12 285.00 19.05 20
14 244.29 17.64 18
𝑈𝑠𝑒 14∅18 AS = 3556 𝑚𝑚2 > 3420 𝑚𝑚2 𝑜𝑘
• Check for maximum load can carry by column:
∅𝑃𝑛 = 0.8 × 0.65 × ൣ0.85 × 25൫(300 × 600) − 3556൯ + 420 × 3556൧

× 10−3 = 2726𝐾𝑁 > 2606 𝐾𝑁 𝑂𝐾
137
‫‪• 𝑫𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒊𝒆𝒔:‬‬
‫‪𝑢𝑠𝑒 ∅10‬‬
‫𝑏𝑑 × 𝑛 ‪b − 2 × cover con. −2 × 𝑑𝑠 −‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫= 𝑥‪S‬‬ ‫𝑒𝑧𝑖𝑠 ‪> 40𝑚𝑚 > 1.5𝑑𝑏 > 𝑑 𝑎𝑔𝑔.‬‬
‫‪𝑛−1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪600 − 2 × 40 − 2 × 10 − 6 × 18‬‬
‫=‬ ‫𝑚𝑚 ‪= 78 < 150‬‬
‫‪6−1‬‬
‫𝑏𝑑 × 𝑛 ‪b − 2 × cover con. −2 × 𝑑𝑠 −‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫= 𝑦‪S‬‬ ‫𝑒𝑧𝑖𝑠 ‪> 40𝑚𝑚 > 1.5𝑑𝑏 > 𝑑 𝑎𝑔𝑔.‬‬
‫‪𝑛−1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪300 − 2 × 40 − 2 × 10 − 3 × 18‬‬
‫=‬ ‫𝑚𝑚 ‪= 73 < 150‬‬
‫‪3−1‬‬
‫𝒇𝒐 𝒏𝒊𝒎 ‪𝑺𝒗𝒆𝒓 :‬‬
‫𝒎𝒎 𝟖𝟖𝟐 = 𝟖𝟏 × 𝟔𝟏 = 𝒃𝒅𝟔𝟏‬
‫𝒎𝒎 𝟎𝟖𝟒 = 𝟎𝟏 × 𝟖𝟒 = 𝒔𝒅𝟖𝟒‬
‫𝒎𝒎 𝟎𝟎𝟑 ‪𝒍𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒕 𝒅𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏:‬‬
‫𝒎𝒎 𝟎𝟎𝟐‬ ‫‪CONTROL‬‬
‫‪𝑈𝑠𝑒 2∅10@200 𝑚𝑚 𝑐. 𝑡𝑜 𝑐.‬‬

‫‪600 mm‬‬
‫‪14∅18‬‬
‫𝑥𝑠‬
‫‪300 mm‬‬
‫𝑚𝑚 ‪2∅10@200‬‬ ‫𝑦𝑠‬
‫‪𝐶1‬‬
‫‪138‬‬
𝒄𝒊𝒓𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒄𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒏
A. Determine of initial dimensions of column.
𝑃𝑢
𝐴= 𝐹 = (0.4 − 0.5)
𝐹 × 𝑓𝑐 ′
2606 × 103
𝐴= = 208480 𝑚𝑚2
0.5 × 25
2 𝐴 × 4 2 208780 × 4
𝐷=ඨ =ඨ = 517 𝑚𝑚
𝜋 𝜋
Use 500 mm or 550 mm
Use D = 500 mm
B. Calculation of bending moment.
139
‫‪99.68 KN.m‬‬
‫‪-99.68 KN.m‬‬
‫𝒎 ‪𝑴𝒖 𝒕𝒐𝒑 = 𝟗𝟗. 𝟔𝟖 𝒌𝑵.‬‬
‫𝒎 ‪𝑴𝒖 𝒃𝒐𝒕 = −𝟗𝟗. 𝟔𝟖 𝒌𝑵.‬‬
‫‪D=h‬‬
‫‪Beam‬‬
‫‪140‬‬
‫‪C. Check if the column is slender or short.‬‬
‫‪141‬‬
‫‪900×3103‬‬
‫= 𝑚𝑎𝑒𝑏 𝑔𝐼‬ ‫‪= 2.23 × 109 𝑚𝑚4‬‬
‫‪12‬‬
‫‪𝜋×𝑅 4‬‬
‫= 𝑅𝐴𝐿𝑈𝐶𝑅𝐼𝐶 𝑔𝐼‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪𝜋×2504‬‬
‫= 𝑛𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑜𝑐 𝑔𝐼‬ ‫‪= 3.066 × 109 𝑚𝑚4‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪𝐼 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 0.35𝐼𝑔 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 2.23 × 109 × 0.35 = 0.781 × 109 𝑚𝑚4‬‬
‫‪3𝛹𝐵 + 1.4‬‬
‫=𝑘‬ ‫𝑒𝑔𝑛𝑖‪𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑛𝑑 ℎ‬‬
‫‪3𝛹𝐵 + 2‬‬
‫‪0.7𝛹𝐵 + 0.32‬‬
‫=𝑘‬ ‫𝑑𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑓 𝑑𝑛𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑓‬
‫‪𝛹𝐵 + 0.64‬‬
‫‪142‬‬
‫‪3𝛹𝐴 𝛹𝐵 + 1.4൫𝛹𝐴 + 𝛹𝐵 ൯ + 0.64‬‬
‫=𝑘‬ ‫𝑑𝑛𝑒 ‪𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ‬‬
‫‪3𝛹𝐴 𝛹𝐵 + 2൫𝛹𝐴 + 𝛹𝐵 ൯ + 1.28‬‬
‫‪σ IC ΤLC‬‬
‫= ‪ΨB‬‬
‫‪σ Ib ΤLb‬‬
‫‪2.15×109‬‬ ‫‪2.15×109‬‬
‫‪3.38‬‬
‫‪+ 3.38‬‬
‫‪ΨB = 0.781×109‬‬ ‫‪0.781×109‬‬
‫‪= 4.23‬‬
‫‪4.4‬‬
‫‪+ 6.35‬‬
‫‪0.7 × 4.23 + 0.32‬‬

‫=𝑘‬ ‫‪= 0.67‬‬
‫‪4.23 + 0.64‬‬
‫‪𝑙𝑢 = 𝑙𝑐 −‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪0.31 0.31‬‬
‫‪𝑙𝑢 = 3.38 −‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪= 3.07m‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫𝑚𝑚 ‪𝑟 = 0.25 × 500 = 125‬‬
‫‪𝑘𝑙𝑢 0.67 × 3070‬‬

‫=‬ ‫‪= 16.46‬‬
‫𝑟‬ ‫‪125‬‬
‫‪𝑀1‬‬ ‫‪99.68‬‬
‫‪34 − 12 ቆ ቇ = 34 − 12 ൬−‬‬ ‫‪൰ = 46 > 40 𝑈𝑆𝐸 40‬‬
‫‪𝑀2‬‬ ‫‪99.68‬‬
‫‪16.46 ≤ 40‬‬ ‫𝑛𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑜𝑐 𝑡𝑟𝑜‪𝑆ℎ‬‬
‫‪143‬‬
‫‪D. Reinforcement calculation.‬‬
‫‪ℎ − 2𝑑 ′ 500 − 2 × 60‬‬

‫=𝛾‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.76‬‬
‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫‪500‬‬
‫𝑢𝑃‬ ‫‪2606 × 103‬‬

‫= 𝑢𝐾‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.71‬‬
‫𝑔𝐴 × ‪0.75 × ƒ𝑐′‬‬ ‫‪𝜋 × 5002‬‬
‫× ‪0.75 × 25‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪𝑀𝑢 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑃𝑢 (15.24 + 0.03ℎ) = 2606(15.24 + 0.03 × 500) × 10−3‬‬

‫𝑚 ‪= 78.80𝑘𝑁.‬‬
‫𝑢𝑀‬ ‫‪99.68 × 106‬‬

‫= 𝑢𝑅‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.054‬‬
‫‪0.75 × ƒ𝑐′ × 𝐴𝑔 × ℎ‬‬ ‫‪𝜋 × 5002‬‬
‫× ‪0.75 × 25‬‬ ‫‪× 500‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫)𝟖𝟎 ‪𝝆 (𝟎. 𝟎𝟏 − 𝟎.‬‬
‫‪144‬‬
‫‪145‬‬
‫‪146‬‬
‫‪𝛾 = 0.7‬‬ ‫‪𝜌1 =0.01‬‬
‫؟ ×= ‪𝛾 = 0.76 𝜌2‬‬
‫‪𝛾 = 0.8‬‬ ‫‪𝜌3 =0.01‬‬
‫‪0.7 − 0.76‬‬ ‫×‪0.01 −‬‬

‫=‬
‫‪0.7 − 0.8‬‬ ‫‪0.01 − 0.02‬‬
‫‪𝜌 =0.01‬‬
‫‪It is better to decrease dimensions‬‬
‫‪𝜋×5002‬‬
‫× ‪𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏ℎ = 0.01‬‬ ‫‪= 1963 𝑚𝑚2‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫𝐷×‪2‬‬ ‫‪2×500‬‬
‫=𝑛‬ ‫=‪∓1+1+1+1‬‬ ‫‪= 10 𝑢𝑠𝑒 9 ,11,12 ,13‬‬
‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬
‫𝟒𝟏 ≥ ∅‬ ‫𝟔≥𝒏‬
‫‪As‬‬ ‫‪1936‬‬
‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪Ab‬‬ ‫‪d‬‬ ‫∅‬
‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪215.11‬‬ ‫‪16.55‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪193.60‬‬ ‫‪15.70‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬
‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪176.00‬‬ ‫‪14.97‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬
‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪161.33‬‬ ‫‪14.33‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬
‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪148.92‬‬ ‫‪13.77‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬
‫‪𝑈𝑠𝑒 10∅16‬‬ ‫𝑘𝑜 ‪AS = 2010 𝑚𝑚2 > 1963 𝑚𝑚2‬‬

‫𝑚𝑚 ‪500‬‬
‫‪10∅16‬‬
‫‪147‬‬
𝜋 × 5002
∅𝑃𝑛 = 0.85 × 0.75 × ൥0.85 × 25 ൭ቆ ቇ − 2010൱ + 420 × 2010൩
4
× 10−3 = 3169.5𝐾𝑁 > 2606 𝐾𝑁 𝑂𝐾
• 𝑫𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒑𝒊𝒓𝒂𝒍 ∶
𝑢𝑠𝑒 ∅10
ƒ𝑐′
𝐴𝑔
ρ𝑠 = 0.45 ቆ − 1ቇ ቆ ቇ
𝐴𝑐ℎ 𝑓𝑦
𝐴𝑔 : 𝒄𝒓𝒐𝒔𝒔 − 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒏
𝐴𝑐ℎ : 𝒄𝒓𝒐𝒔𝒔 − 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒑𝒊𝒓𝒂𝒍 𝒓𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑆𝑃 × 𝜋 × 𝐷𝑐 4𝐴𝑆𝑃

ρ𝑠 = = 2
=
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 1/4𝜋 𝐷𝑐 𝑆 𝐷𝐶 𝑆
148
‫𝑟𝑎𝑏 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑠 𝒇𝒐 𝒂𝒆𝒓𝒂 ∶ 𝑃𝑆𝐴‬
‫𝑠𝑑 × ‪𝐷𝑐 = 𝐷 − 2 × 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 − 2‬‬
‫‪𝜋 × 𝐷2‬‬
‫= 𝑔𝐴‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫𝑐𝐷 × 𝜋‬
‫= ‪𝐴𝑐ℎ‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫𝑚𝑚‪𝐷𝑐 = 500 − 2 × 40 − 2 × 10 = 400‬‬
‫‪𝜋 × 5002‬‬
‫= 𝑔𝐴‬ ‫‪= 196250 𝑚𝑚2‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪𝜋 × 400‬‬
‫= ‪𝐴𝑐ℎ‬‬ ‫‪= 125600 𝑚𝑚2‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪196250‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬
‫‪ρ𝑠 = 0.45 ቆ‬‬ ‫‪− 1ቇ ቆ‬‬ ‫‪ቇ = 0.015067‬‬
‫‪125600‬‬ ‫‪420‬‬
‫‪∅10‬‬ ‫‪𝐴𝑆𝑃 = 79 𝑚𝑚2‬‬
‫‪4 × 79‬‬
‫= ‪0.015067‬‬ ‫𝑚𝑚 ‪→ 𝑆 = 52.43‬‬
‫𝑆 × ‪400‬‬
‫𝑚𝑚 ‪𝑆 − 𝑑𝑠 = 52.43 − 10 = 42.43 ≅ 40‬‬
‫𝑚𝑚 ‪25𝑚𝑚 ≤ 𝑆 ≤ 75‬‬
‫𝑚𝑚 ‪25𝑚𝑚 ≤ 40 ≤ 75‬‬ ‫𝑘𝑜‬
‫‪149‬‬
‫𝒈𝒏𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒑𝑺‬
‫𝑏𝑑‬
‫× ‪𝐷𝑐𝑑𝑏 = 𝐷 − 2 × 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 − 2 × 𝑑𝑠 − 2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪16‬‬
‫× ‪𝐷𝑐𝑑𝑏 = 500 − 2 × 40 − 2 × 10 − 2‬‬ ‫𝑚𝑚 ‪= 384‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫𝑅 × 𝜋 × ‪𝑝𝑐𝑑𝑏 = 2‬‬
‫‪384‬‬
‫× 𝜋 × ‪𝑝𝑐𝑑𝑏 = 2‬‬ ‫𝑚𝑚 ‪= 1205.76‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫𝑏𝑑 × 𝑛 ‪𝑝𝑐𝑑𝑏 −‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫=𝑆‬ ‫𝑒𝑧𝑖𝑠 ‪> 40 𝑚𝑚 > 1.5∅ > 𝑑. 𝑎𝑔𝑔.‬‬
‫‪𝑛−1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪1205.76 − 10 × 16‬‬
‫=𝑆‬ ‫𝑘𝑜 𝑚𝑚 ‪= 116.2‬‬
‫‪10 − 1‬‬
‫‪150‬‬
Use D = 400 mm
151
‫‪69.71 KN.m‬‬
‫‪-69.71 KN.m‬‬
‫𝒎 ‪𝑴𝒖 𝒕𝒐𝒑 = 𝟔𝟗. 𝟕𝟏 𝒌𝑵.‬‬
‫𝒎 ‪𝑴𝒖 𝒃𝒐𝒕 = −𝟔𝟗. 𝟕𝟏 𝒌𝑵.‬‬
‫‪D=h‬‬
‫‪Beam‬‬
‫‪152‬‬
‫‪153‬‬
‫‪900×3103‬‬
‫= 𝑚𝑎𝑒𝑏 𝑔𝐼‬ ‫‪= 2.23 × 109 𝑚𝑚4‬‬
‫‪12‬‬
‫‪𝜋×𝑅 4‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪𝜋×2004‬‬
‫= 𝑛𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑜𝑐 𝑔𝐼‬ ‫‪= 1.26 × 109 𝑚𝑚4‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪𝐼 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 0.35𝐼𝑔 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 2.23 × 109 × 0.35 = 0.781 × 109 𝑚𝑚4‬‬
‫‪3𝛹𝐵 + 1.4‬‬
‫‪3𝛹𝐵 + 2‬‬
‫‪0.7𝛹𝐵 + 0.32‬‬
‫‪𝛹𝐵 + 0.64‬‬
‫‪154‬‬
‫‪3𝛹𝐴 𝛹𝐵 + 1.4൫𝛹𝐴 + 𝛹𝐵 ൯ + 0.64‬‬
‫‪3𝛹𝐴 𝛹𝐵 + 2൫𝛹𝐴 + 𝛹𝐵 ൯ + 1.28‬‬
‫= ‪ΨB‬‬
‫‪0.88×109‬‬ ‫‪0.88×109‬‬
‫‪3.38‬‬
‫‪+ 3.38‬‬
‫‪ΨB = 0.781×109‬‬ ‫‪0.781×109‬‬
‫‪= 1.47‬‬
‫‪4.4‬‬
‫‪+ 6.35‬‬
‫‪0.7 × 1.47 + 0.32‬‬

‫=𝑘‬ ‫‪= 0.64‬‬
‫‪1.47 + 0.64‬‬
‫‪𝑙𝑢 = 𝑙𝑐 −‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪0.31 0.31‬‬
‫‪𝑙𝑢 = 3.38 −‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪= 3.07m‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫𝑚𝑚 ‪𝑟 = 0.25 × 400 = 100‬‬
‫‪𝑘𝑙𝑢 0.64 × 3070‬‬

‫=‬ ‫‪= 19.65‬‬
‫𝑟‬ ‫‪100‬‬
‫‪𝑀1‬‬ ‫‪69.71‬‬
‫‪34 − 12 ቆ ቇ = 34 − 12 ൬−‬‬ ‫‪൰ = 46 > 40 𝑈𝑆𝐸 40‬‬
‫‪𝑀2‬‬ ‫‪69.71‬‬
‫‪19.65 ≤ 40‬‬ ‫𝑛𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑜𝑐 𝑡𝑟𝑜‪𝑆ℎ‬‬
‫‪155‬‬
‫‪ℎ − 2𝑑 ′ 400 − 2 × 60‬‬

‫=𝛾‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.7‬‬
‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬
‫𝑢𝑃‬ ‫‪2606 × 103‬‬

‫= 𝑢𝐾‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 1.11‬‬
‫𝑔𝐴 × ‪0.75 × ƒ𝑐′‬‬ ‫‪𝜋 × 4002‬‬
‫× ‪0.75 × 25‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪𝑀𝑢 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑃𝑢 (15.24 + 0.03ℎ) = 2606(15.24 + 0.03 × 400) × 10−3‬‬

‫𝑚 ‪= 71𝑘𝑁.‬‬
‫𝑢𝑀‬ ‫‪71 × 106‬‬

‫= 𝑢𝑅‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.075‬‬
‫‪0.75 × ƒ𝑐′ × 𝐴𝑔 × ℎ‬‬ ‫‪𝜋 × 4002‬‬
‫× ‪0.75 × 25‬‬ ‫‪× 400‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫)𝟖𝟎 ‪𝝆 (𝟎. 𝟎𝟏 − 𝟎.‬‬
‫‪156‬‬
‫‪157‬‬
Use D = 450 mm
158
‫‪86.2 KN.m‬‬
‫‪-86.2 KN.m‬‬
‫𝒎 ‪𝑴𝒖 𝒕𝒐𝒑 = 𝟖𝟔. 𝟐 𝒌𝑵.‬‬
‫𝒎 ‪𝑴𝒖 𝒃𝒐𝒕 = −𝟖𝟔. 𝟐 𝒌𝑵.‬‬
‫‪D=h‬‬
‫‪Beam‬‬
‫‪159‬‬
‫‪160‬‬
‫‪900×3103‬‬
‫= 𝑚𝑎𝑒𝑏 𝑔𝐼‬ ‫‪= 2.23 × 109 𝑚𝑚4‬‬
‫‪12‬‬
‫‪𝜋×𝑅 4‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪𝜋×2254‬‬
‫= 𝑛𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑜𝑐 𝑔𝐼‬ ‫‪= 2.01 × 109 𝑚𝑚4‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪𝐼 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 0.35𝐼𝑔 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 2.23 × 109 × 0.35 = 0.781 × 109 𝑚𝑚4‬‬
‫‪3𝛹𝐵 + 1.4‬‬
‫‪3𝛹𝐵 + 2‬‬
‫‪0.7𝛹𝐵 + 0.32‬‬
‫‪𝛹𝐵 + 0.64‬‬
‫‪161‬‬
‫‪3𝛹𝐴 𝛹𝐵 + 1.4൫𝛹𝐴 + 𝛹𝐵 ൯ + 0.64‬‬
‫‪3𝛹𝐴 𝛹𝐵 + 2൫𝛹𝐴 + 𝛹𝐵 ൯ + 1.28‬‬
‫= ‪ΨB‬‬
‫‪1.41×109‬‬ ‫‪1.41×109‬‬
‫‪3.38‬‬
‫‪+ 3.38‬‬
‫‪ΨB = 0.781×109‬‬ ‫‪0.781×109‬‬
‫‪= 2.78‬‬
‫‪4.4‬‬
‫‪+ 6.35‬‬
‫‪0.7 × 2.78 + 0.32‬‬

‫=𝑘‬ ‫‪= 0.66‬‬
‫‪2.78 + 0.64‬‬
‫‪𝑙𝑢 = 𝑙𝑐 −‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪0.31 0.31‬‬
‫‪𝑙𝑢 = 3.38 −‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪= 3.07m‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫𝑚𝑚 ‪𝑟 = 0.25 × 450 = 112.5‬‬
‫‪𝑘𝑙𝑢 0.66 × 3070‬‬

‫=‬ ‫‪= 18.01‬‬
‫𝑟‬ ‫‪112.5‬‬
‫‪𝑀1‬‬ ‫‪86.2‬‬
‫‪34 − 12 ቆ ቇ = 34 − 12 ൬−‬‬ ‫‪൰ = 46 > 40 𝑈𝑆𝐸 40‬‬
‫‪𝑀2‬‬ ‫‪86.2‬‬
‫‪18.01 ≤ 40‬‬ ‫𝑛𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑜𝑐 𝑡𝑟𝑜‪𝑆ℎ‬‬
‫‪162‬‬
‫‪ℎ − 2𝑑 ′ 450 − 2 × 60‬‬

‫=𝛾‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.73‬‬
‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫‪450‬‬
‫𝑢𝑃‬ ‫‪2606 × 103‬‬

‫= 𝑢𝐾‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.87‬‬
‫𝑔𝐴 × ‪0.75 × ƒ𝑐′‬‬ ‫‪𝜋 × 4502‬‬
‫× ‪0.75 × 25‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪𝑀𝑢 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑃𝑢 (15.24 + 0.03ℎ) = 2606(15.24 + 0.03 × 450) × 10−3‬‬

‫𝑚 ‪= 74.9𝑘𝑁.‬‬
‫𝑢𝑀‬ ‫‪86.2 × 106‬‬

‫= 𝑢𝑅‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.064‬‬
‫‪0.75 × ƒ𝑐′ × 𝐴𝑔 × ℎ‬‬ ‫‪𝜋 × 4502‬‬
‫× ‪0.75 × 25‬‬ ‫‪× 450‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫)𝟖𝟎 ‪𝝆 (𝟎. 𝟎𝟏 − 𝟎.‬‬
‫‪163‬‬
‫‪164‬‬
‫‪165‬‬
‫‪𝛾 = 0.7‬‬ ‫‪𝜌1 =0.017‬‬
‫؟ ×= ‪𝛾 = 0.76 𝜌2‬‬
‫‪𝛾 = 0.8‬‬ ‫‪𝜌3 =0.017‬‬
‫‪0.7 − 0.76‬‬ ‫×‪0.01 −‬‬

‫=‬
‫‪0.7 − 0.8‬‬ ‫‪0.01 − 0.02‬‬
‫‪𝜌 =0.017‬‬
‫‪𝜋×4502‬‬
‫× ‪𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏ℎ = 0.017‬‬ ‫‪= 2702 𝑚𝑚2‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫𝐷×‪2‬‬ ‫‪2×450‬‬
‫=𝑛‬ ‫=‪∓1+1+1+1‬‬ ‫‪= 9 𝑢𝑠𝑒 8 ,10,11,12,13‬‬
‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬
‫𝟒𝟏 ≥ ∅‬ ‫𝟔≥𝒏‬
‫‪As‬‬ ‫‪2702‬‬
‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪Ab‬‬ ‫‪d‬‬ ‫∅‬
‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪300.22‬‬ ‫‪19.55‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪270.20‬‬ ‫‪18.55‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪245.64‬‬ ‫‪17.68‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪225.17‬‬ ‫‪16.93‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪207.85‬‬ ‫‪16.27‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫‪𝑈𝑠𝑒 10∅20‬‬ ‫𝑘𝑜 ‪AS = 3140 𝑚𝑚2 > 2702 𝑚𝑚2‬‬

‫𝑚𝑚 ‪500‬‬
‫‪10∅20‬‬
‫‪166‬‬
𝜋 × 4502
∅𝑃𝑛 = 0.85 × 0.75 × ൥0.85 × 25 ൭ቆ ቇ − 3140൱ + 420 × 3140൩
4
× 10−3 = 2952 𝐾𝑁 > 2606 𝐾𝑁 𝑂𝐾
• 𝑫𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒑𝒊𝒓𝒂𝒍 ∶
𝑢𝑠𝑒 ∅10
ƒ𝑐′
𝐴𝑔
ρ𝑠 = 0.45 ቆ − 1ቇ ቆ ቇ
𝐴𝑐ℎ 𝑓𝑦
𝐴𝑔 : 𝒄𝒓𝒐𝒔𝒔 − 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒏
𝐴𝑐ℎ : 𝒄𝒓𝒐𝒔𝒔 − 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒑𝒊𝒓𝒂𝒍 𝒓𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑆𝑃 × 𝜋 × 𝐷𝑐 4𝐴𝑆𝑃

ρ𝑠 = = 2
=
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 1/4𝜋 𝐷𝑐 𝑆 𝐷𝐶 𝑆
167
‫𝑟𝑎𝑏 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑠 𝒇𝒐 𝒂𝒆𝒓𝒂 ∶ 𝑃𝑆𝐴‬
‫𝑠𝑑 × ‪𝐷𝑐 = 𝐷 − 2 × 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 − 2‬‬
‫‪𝜋 × 𝐷2‬‬
‫= 𝑔𝐴‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫𝑐𝐷 × 𝜋‬
‫= ‪𝐴𝑐ℎ‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫𝑚𝑚 ‪𝐷𝑐 = 450 − 2 × 40 − 2 × 10 = 350‬‬
‫‪𝜋 × 4502‬‬
‫= 𝑔𝐴‬ ‫‪= 158962 𝑚𝑚2‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪𝜋 × 350‬‬
‫= ‪𝐴𝑐ℎ‬‬ ‫‪= 96162 𝑚𝑚2‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪158962‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬
‫‪ρ𝑠 = 0.45 ቆ‬‬ ‫‪− 1ቇ ቆ‬‬ ‫‪ቇ = 0.01749‬‬
‫‪96162‬‬ ‫‪420‬‬
‫‪∅10‬‬ ‫‪𝐴𝑆𝑃 = 79 𝑚𝑚2‬‬
‫‪4 × 79‬‬
‫= ‪0.01749‬‬ ‫𝑚𝑚 ‪→ 𝑆 = 51.62‬‬
‫𝑆 × ‪350‬‬
‫𝑚𝑚 ‪𝑆 − 𝑑𝑠 = 51.62 − 10 = 41.62 ≅ 40‬‬
‫𝑚𝑚 ‪25𝑚𝑚 ≤ 𝑆 ≤ 75‬‬
‫𝑚𝑚 ‪25𝑚𝑚 ≤ 40 ≤ 75‬‬ ‫𝑘𝑜‬
‫‪168‬‬
‫𝒈𝒏𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒑𝑺‬
‫𝑏𝑑‬
‫× ‪𝐷𝑐𝑑𝑏 = 𝐷 − 2 × 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 − 2 × 𝑑𝑠 − 2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪16‬‬
‫× ‪𝐷𝑐𝑑𝑏 = 450 − 2 × 40 − 2 × 10 − 2‬‬ ‫𝑚𝑚 ‪= 334‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫𝑅 × 𝜋 × ‪𝑝𝑐𝑑𝑏 = 2‬‬
‫‪334‬‬
‫× 𝜋 × ‪𝑝𝑐𝑑𝑏 = 2‬‬ ‫𝑚𝑚 ‪= 1048.76‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫𝑏𝑑 × 𝑛 ‪𝑝𝑐𝑑𝑏 −‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫=𝑆‬ ‫𝑒𝑧𝑖𝑠 ‪> 40 𝑚𝑚 > 1.5∅ > 𝑑. 𝑎𝑔𝑔.‬‬
‫‪𝑛−1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪1048.76 − 10 × 20‬‬
‫=𝑆‬ ‫𝑘𝑜 𝑚𝑚 ‪= 94.3‬‬
‫‪10 − 1‬‬
‫‪169‬‬
‫‪170‬‬
‫‪171‬‬
Analysis and Design of Footing
Single Footing
➢ Footing Design Steps:
1. The design of the column has been completed.

2. Calculate the loads applied to the footing.
3. Determine dimensions of footing.
4. Check punching shear.
5. Check beam shear.
A. The design of the column has been completed.
𝐶1 : 300 × 600 𝑚𝑚2
B. Calculate the loads applied to the footing.
𝑃𝐷𝐿 = 1801𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝐿𝐿 = 278 𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝑠 = 1801 + 278 = 2079 𝑘𝑁 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠
𝑃𝑢 = 1.2 × 1801 + 1.6 × 278 = 2606 𝑘𝑁
172
‫‪C. Determine dimensions of footing.‬‬
‫𝑚‪𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝐷𝐹) = 1.50‬‬
‫‪𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 (𝑞𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 ) = 250 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2‬‬
‫𝑆𝑃‬
‫= 𝐴‬
‫𝑛𝑞‬
‫) ‪𝑞𝑛 = 𝑞𝑎𝑙𝑙. − 𝛾𝑐 × ℎ𝑓𝑜. − 𝛾𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑙 (𝐷𝐹 − ℎ𝑓𝑜.‬‬
‫‪OR‬‬
‫‪𝑃𝑆 × 1.1‬‬
‫= 𝐴‬
‫‪𝑞𝑎𝑙𝑙.‬‬
‫‪OR‬‬
‫𝑆𝑃‬
‫= 𝐴‬
‫𝑛𝑞‬
‫𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑓𝛾 ‪𝛾𝑐 +‬‬

‫‪𝑞𝑛 = 𝑞𝑎𝑙𝑙. −‬‬ ‫𝐹𝐷 ×‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫𝑚𝑚 ‪𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 ℎ = 600‬‬
‫𝑚𝑚 ‪𝑑 = ℎ − 𝑑 ′ = 600 − 75 = 525‬‬
‫‪𝑞𝑛 = 250 − 24 × 0.6 − 18(1.5 − 0.6) = 219.4 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2‬‬
‫‪2079‬‬
‫= 𝐴‬ ‫‪= 9.48 𝑚𝑚2‬‬
‫‪219.4‬‬
‫‪173‬‬
‫𝑙 𝑑𝑛𝑎 𝑏 𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒𝐷‬
‫𝑒𝑚𝑢𝑠𝑠𝐴‬ ‫𝑏‪𝑙 ≤ 1.5‬‬ ‫𝑏‪𝑢𝑠𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝑙 = 1.2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫𝐴‬
‫𝑏×𝑙=𝐴‬ ‫𝑛𝑒‪𝑡ℎ‬‬ ‫𝑏‪𝐴 = 1.2‬‬ ‫‪𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑏 = ඨ‬‬
‫‪1.2‬‬
‫‪OR‬‬
‫𝑙‬
‫𝑏×𝑙=𝐴‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪𝑙 = 2𝑋 + 𝑙 ′ , 𝑏 = 2𝑋 + 𝑏 ′‬‬ ‫𝑋‬
‫) ‪𝐴 = (2 × +𝑙 ′ )(2 × +𝑏 ′‬‬ ‫𝑏‬ ‫𝑋‬ ‫‪𝑏′‬‬ ‫‪𝑙′‬‬ ‫𝑋‬
‫)‪9.48 = (2𝑋 + 0.6)(2𝑋 + 0.6‬‬

‫𝑋‬
‫‪𝑋 = 1.35‬‬
‫𝑚‪𝑙 = 2 × 1.35 + 0.6 = 3.30‬‬
‫𝑚‪𝑏 = 2 × 1.35 + 0.3 = 3‬‬
‫‪𝐴 = 3.3 × 3 = 9.90 𝑚2‬‬
‫‪174‬‬
‫‪D. Check punching shear.‬‬
‫𝑑‪+‬‬
‫𝑑‪+‬‬
‫‪175‬‬
‫𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑛𝑜𝑐 𝑦𝑏 𝑑𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑝 ‪𝑉𝑐 = 𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ‬‬
‫𝑠𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑛𝑎𝑠𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑠 𝑛𝑖 𝑟𝑎𝑒‪𝑏𝑜 = 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠ℎ‬‬
‫) 𝑑 ‪𝑏𝑜 = 2 × ( 𝑙 ′ + 𝑑 ) + 2 × ( 𝑏 ′ +‬‬
‫𝑚𝑚 ‪𝑏𝑜 = 2 × ( 600 + 525 ) + 2 × (300 + 525 ) = 3900‬‬
‫) 𝑂𝐴( 𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑝 𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑐 ‪𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ‬‬
‫‪= (0.6 + 0.525 ) × ( 0.3 + 0. 525) = 0.93 𝑚2‬‬
‫𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑝 𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑐 𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑐𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑎𝑒‪𝑉𝑢1 : 𝑆ℎ‬‬
‫] 𝑂𝐴 ‪𝑉𝑢1 = 𝑞𝑢 [ 𝐴𝐹 −‬‬
‫𝑙𝑖𝑜𝑠 𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑓 𝑒𝑟𝑢𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑝 𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑤𝑝𝑢 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑐𝑎𝐹 ‪𝑞𝑢 :‬‬
‫𝑢𝑃‬ ‫‪2606‬‬
‫= 𝑢𝑞‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 263.23 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2‬‬
‫‪𝐴𝐹 3.3 × 3‬‬
‫𝑁𝑘 ‪𝑉𝑢1 = 263.23[ (3.3 × 3) − 0.93] = 2361.17‬‬
‫𝑑 × 𝑜𝑏 × ‪∅𝑉𝑐 = ∅ × 0.33 × ට𝑓𝑐′‬‬
‫‪∅𝑉𝑐 = 0.75 × 0.33 × ඥ25 × 3900 × 525 × 10−3‬‬

‫𝑘𝑂 ‪∅𝑉𝑐 = 2533.78 𝑘𝑁 > 𝑉𝑢1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪∅𝑉𝑐 = ∅ × 0.17 ቈ 1 +‬‬ ‫𝑑 × 𝑜𝑏 × ‪቉ × ට𝑓𝑐′‬‬
‫𝑐𝛽‬
‫‪𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 600‬‬
‫= 𝑐𝛽‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪=2‬‬
‫‪𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 300‬‬
‫‪176‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪∅𝑉𝑐 = 0.75 × 0.17 ൤ 1 + ൨ × ඥ25 × 3900 × 525 × 10−3‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫𝑘𝑂 ‪∅𝑉𝑐 = 2610.56 𝑘𝑁 > 𝑉𝑢1‬‬
‫𝑑 × 𝑠𝛼‬
‫‪∅𝑉𝑐 = ∅ × 0.083 × ቈ 2 +‬‬ ‫𝑑 × 𝑜𝑏 × ‪቉ × ට𝑓𝑐′‬‬
‫𝑜𝑏‬
‫‪40 × 525‬‬
‫‪∅𝑉𝑐 = 0.75 × 0.083 ቈ 2 +‬‬ ‫‪቉ × ඥ25 × 3900 × 525 × 10−3‬‬
‫‪3900‬‬
‫𝑘𝑂 ‪∅𝑉𝑐 = 4706.1 𝑘𝑁 > 𝑉𝑢1‬‬
‫‪E. Check beam shear.‬‬

‫𝑢𝑞‬
‫𝑢𝑞‬
‫𝑙 × 𝑢𝑊 = 𝑢𝑉‬
‫𝑚‪𝑋 = 1.35‬‬
‫= 𝑋 × ‪𝑉𝑢 = 𝑞𝑢 × 1‬‬
‫𝑁𝑘 ‪𝑉𝑢@𝑑 = 𝑞𝑢 × 1 × (𝑋 − 𝑑) = 263.23 × 1 × (1.35 − 0.525) = 217.17‬‬
‫𝑑 × 𝑏 × ‪∅𝑉𝑐 = ∅ × 0.17 × ට𝑓𝑐′‬‬ ‫𝑚‪𝑋 = 1.35‬‬

‫‪∅𝑉𝑐 = 0.75 × 0.17 × ඥ25 × 1000 × 525 × 10−3‬‬
‫𝐾𝑂 𝑑@𝑢𝑉 > 𝑁𝑘 ‪∅𝑉𝑐 = 334.69‬‬
‫‪177‬‬
F. Reinforcement calculation.
Mu → R → ρ → ൫AS , AS min ൯use max → nember of bar and dimeter
𝑊𝑢 ×𝑙 2
Mu =
2
𝑞𝑢 ×1×𝑋 2 263.23×1×1.352
Mu = = = 239.87 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2 2
Mu 239.87 ×106
𝑅= = = 0.967 Mpa
0.9𝑏𝑑 2 0.9×1000×5252
1 2 2×𝑚×𝑅
ρ = ቀ ቁ ൤1 − ට1 − ൨
𝑚 𝑓𝑦
1 2 2 × 19.76 × 0.967
ρ=൬ ൰ ቎1 − ඨ1 − ቏ = 0.002356 < ρ0.005 𝑜𝑘
19.76 420
𝐴𝑆 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.002356 × 1000 × 525 = 1237 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑆 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑏ℎ
178
‫‪𝐴𝑆 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0018 × 1000 × 600 = 1080 𝑚𝑚2‬‬
‫∅‬ ‫𝑆𝐴‬
‫‪∅10‬‬ ‫‪79‬‬
‫‪𝐴𝑆 > 𝐴𝑆 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑜𝑘 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝑆 = 1237𝑚𝑚2‬‬
‫‪∅12‬‬ ‫‪114‬‬
‫‪𝑛 = 5,6,7,8,9,10‬‬ ‫‪∅14‬‬ ‫‪154‬‬
‫‪∅16‬‬ ‫‪201‬‬
‫𝑆𝐴‬ ‫‪1237‬‬ ‫‪∅18‬‬ ‫‪254‬‬
‫= ‪Ab‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 247.4 𝑚𝑚2‬‬ ‫‪∅20‬‬
‫𝑛‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪314‬‬
‫‪∅22‬‬ ‫‪380‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪Ab ×4‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪247.4×4‬‬ ‫‪∅25‬‬ ‫‪491‬‬
‫‪𝑑=ට‬‬ ‫‪=ට‬‬ ‫𝑚𝑚 ‪= 17.75‬‬
‫𝜋‬ ‫𝜋‬
‫‪Use ∅18‬‬
‫‪179‬‬
‫‪As‬‬ ‫‪1237‬‬
‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪Ab‬‬ ‫‪d‬‬ ‫∅‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪247.40‬‬ ‫‪17.75‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪206.17‬‬ ‫‪16.20‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪176.71‬‬ ‫‪15.00‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪154.63‬‬ ‫‪14.03‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬
‫𝑚‪𝑈𝑠𝑒 5∅18/‬‬ ‫𝑘𝑜 ‪AS = 1270 𝑚𝑚2 > 1237 𝑚𝑚2‬‬
‫𝑚𝑐 ‪350‬‬
‫𝑚𝑐 ‪330‬‬
‫𝑚𝑐 ‪320‬‬
‫𝐵 ‪5∅18/𝑚 −‬‬
‫𝑚𝑐 ‪300‬‬
‫𝐵 ‪5∅18/𝑚 −‬‬
‫𝑚𝑚‪600‬‬
‫𝑚‪5∅18/‬‬
‫𝑚𝑐 ‪330‬‬
‫𝑚𝑐 ‪350‬‬
‫‪180‬‬
𝒅𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉
ℓd = development length in tension of deformed bar, deformed wire, plain and

deformed welded wire reinforcement, or pretensioned strand.
ℓav
600𝑚𝑚
5∅18/𝑚
330 𝑐𝑚
350 𝑐𝑚
𝓵𝒂𝒗 > 𝓵𝒅 𝒏𝒐 𝒏𝒆𝒆𝒅 𝒉𝒐𝒐𝒌
181
‫‪182‬‬
𝑓𝑦× 𝛹𝑡×𝛹𝑒×𝛹𝑠
ℓ𝑑 = ቌ 2 𝐶𝑏 +𝐾𝑡𝑟
ቍ 𝑑𝑏
1.1 𝜆 ඥ𝑓𝑐′ ቆ ቇ
𝑑𝑏
𝒇𝑦 = 420𝑀𝑝𝑎 𝛹𝑡 = 1 𝛹𝑒 = 1 𝛹𝑠 = 1 𝜆 = 1 𝑓𝑐′ = 25 𝑀𝑝𝑎 𝑑𝑏 = 18 𝑚𝑚
𝐶𝑏 + 𝐾𝑡𝑟
ቆ ቇ = 𝟐. 𝟓
𝑑𝑏
𝑓𝑦 × 𝛹𝑡 × 𝛹𝑒 × 𝛹𝑠 420 × 1 × 1 × 0.8
ℓ𝑑 = ‫ۇ‬ ‫ = 𝑏𝑑 ۊ‬ቆ ቇ 18 = 440 𝑚𝑚
2 𝐶𝑏 + 𝐾𝑡𝑟 2
1.1 × 1 × ඥ25 × 2.5
1.1 𝜆 ඥ𝑓𝑐′ ൬ ൰
‫ۉ‬ 𝑑𝑏 ‫ی‬
ℓ𝑎𝑣 = 𝐿 − 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 = 1.35 − 0.075 = 1.275 = 1275 𝑚𝑚
ℓ𝑎𝑣 > ℓ𝑑 𝑛𝑜 𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑑 ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑘
𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑑 ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑘 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑘 > ൫ℓ𝑑 − ℓ𝑎𝑣 ൯ > 12𝑑𝑏
ℓdc = development length in compression of deformed bars and deformed wire.

600𝑚𝑚
𝓵𝒂𝒗
5∅18/𝑚
330 𝑐𝑚
350 𝑐𝑚
𝓵𝒂𝒗 > 𝓵𝒅𝒄 𝒏𝒐 𝒏𝒆𝒆𝒅 𝒉𝒐𝒐𝒌

183
‫‪184‬‬
‫𝑟𝛹 × 𝑦𝑓‪0.24‬‬
‫‪ℓ𝑑𝑐 = ቆ‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫𝑏𝑑 ‪ቇ‬‬
‫‪𝜆 ඥ𝑓𝑐′‬‬
‫‪0.24 × 420 × 1‬‬

‫‪ℓ𝑑𝑐 = ቆ‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫𝑚𝑚 ‪ቇ 18 = 362.88𝑚𝑚 > 200‬‬
‫‪1 × ඥ25‬‬
‫𝑏𝑑 × 𝑟𝛹 × 𝑦𝑓‪ℓ𝑑𝑐 = 0.043‬‬
‫‪ℓ𝑑𝑐 = 0.043 × 420 × 1 × 18 = 325.08 𝑚𝑚>200‬‬
‫𝑚𝑚 ‪ℓ𝑑𝑐 = 362.88‬‬
‫𝑓 𝑏𝑑 ‪𝓵𝒂𝒗 = 𝒉𝒇𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 − 𝒄𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒓 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒆 − 𝑑𝑏 𝑓 −‬‬
‫𝑚𝑚 ‪ℓ𝑎𝑣 = 600 − 75 − 18 − 18 = 489‬‬
‫𝒌𝒐𝒐𝒉 𝒅𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒏 𝒄𝒅𝓵 > 𝒗𝒂𝓵‬
‫𝑘𝑜𝑜‪𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑑 ℎ‬‬ ‫𝑏𝑑‪𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑘 > ൫ℓ𝑑 − ℓ𝑎𝑣 ൯ > 12‬‬

‫𝑚𝑚‪600‬‬
‫𝒗𝒂𝓵‬
‫𝑚‪5∅18/‬‬
‫𝑚𝑐 ‪330‬‬
‫𝑚𝑐 ‪350‬‬
‫‪185‬‬
‫‪186‬‬
‫‪187‬‬
‫‪188‬‬
𝑾𝒂𝒍𝒍 𝒇𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈
A. The design of the column has been completed.
𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑏 = 250 𝑚𝑚
B. Calculate the loads applied to the footing.
𝐷𝐸𝐴𝐷 𝐿𝑂𝐴𝐷
1- 𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏
𝐷𝐿 = 11.69 𝐾𝑁/𝑚𝑚2
𝐷𝐿 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 × 𝑆 × 𝐹
𝐷𝐿 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 =
2
11.69 × 5.84 × 1
𝐷𝐿 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 =
2
= 34.13𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝐷𝐿 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 34.13 × 5 = 170.65 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
2- From above wall
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑙 = ( 4 × 3.38 + 1.5) = 15.02 𝑚
𝐷𝐿 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 𝐷𝐿 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 × 𝑙
𝐷𝐿 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 7.1 × 18.4 = 106.64 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
3- From won weight

𝐷𝐿 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 𝑙 × 𝑏 × 𝛾𝑐
𝐷𝐿 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 3.38 + 1.5 = 4.88
𝐷𝐿 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 4.88 × 0.25 × 24 = 29.28 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
189
𝐷𝐿 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 170.65 + 106.64 + 29.28 = 306.57 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝐿𝐼𝑉𝐸 𝐿𝑂𝐴𝐷
𝐿𝐿 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 × 𝑆 × 𝐹
𝐿𝐿 𝑊𝐴𝐿𝐿 =
2
2 × 5.84 × 1
𝐿𝐿 𝑊𝐴𝐿𝐿 = = 5.84 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
2
𝐿𝐿 𝑊𝐴𝐿𝐿 𝑇𝑂𝑇𝐴𝐿 = 5.84 × 5 = 29.2 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝑃𝐷𝐿 = 306.57 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝑃𝐿𝐿 = 29.2 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
Use strip 1m width
𝑃𝐷𝐿 = 306.57 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 × 1 = 306.57 𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝐿𝐿 = 29.2 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 × 1 = 29.2 𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝑠 = 306.57 + 29.2 = 335.77 𝑘𝑁 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠
𝑃𝑢 = 1.2 × 306.57 + 1.6 × 29.2 = 414.6 𝑘𝑁
C. Determine dimensions of footing.
𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝐷𝐹) = 1.50𝑚
𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 (𝑞𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 ) = 250 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
𝑃𝑆
𝐴 =
𝑞𝑛
190
‫) ‪𝑞𝑛 = 𝑞𝑎𝑙𝑙. − 𝛾𝑐 × ℎ𝑓𝑜. − 𝛾𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑙 (𝐷𝐹 − ℎ𝑓𝑜.‬‬
‫‪OR‬‬
‫‪𝑃𝑆 × 1.1‬‬
‫= 𝐴‬
‫‪𝑞𝑎𝑙𝑙.‬‬
‫‪OR‬‬
‫𝑆𝑃‬
‫= 𝐴‬
‫𝑛𝑞‬
‫𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑓𝛾 ‪𝛾𝑐 +‬‬

‫‪𝑞𝑛 = 𝑞𝑎𝑙𝑙. −‬‬ ‫𝐹𝐷 ×‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫𝑚𝑚 ‪𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 ℎ = 300‬‬
‫𝑚𝑚 ‪𝑑 = ℎ − 𝑑 ′ = 300 − 75 = 225‬‬
‫‪𝑞𝑛 = 250 − 24 × 0.3 − 18(1.5 − 0.3) = 221.2 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2‬‬
‫‪335.77‬‬
‫= 𝐴‬ ‫‪= 1.52 𝑚2‬‬
‫‪221.2‬‬
‫𝑏×𝑙=𝐴‬
‫𝑝𝑖𝑟𝑡𝑠 𝑚‪𝑙 = 1‬‬
‫‪𝐴 1.52‬‬
‫=𝑏‬ ‫=‬ ‫𝑚 ‪= 1.52 𝑢𝑠𝑒 1.55‬‬
‫𝐿‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫𝑚 ‪𝑏 = 1.55‬‬
‫𝑢𝑃‬‫‪414.6‬‬ ‫𝑚‪𝑙 = 1‬‬ ‫‪𝑏 ′ =0.25 m‬‬

‫= 𝑢𝑞‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 267.48 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2‬‬
‫𝐴‬ ‫‪1 × 1.55‬‬
‫‪191‬‬
D. Check punching shear.
No need check
E. Check beam shear.

𝑞𝑢
𝑏−𝑏′
𝑋= 𝑞𝑢
2
1.55−0.25 𝑋 = 0.65𝑚
𝑋= = 0.65 𝑚
2
𝑉𝑢 = 𝑊𝑢 × 𝑙
𝑉𝑢 = 𝑞𝑢 × 1 × 𝑋 =
𝑋 = 0.65𝑚
𝑉𝑢@𝑑 = 𝑞𝑢 × 1 × (𝑋 − 𝑑) = 267.48 × 1 × (0.65 − 0.225) = 113.68 𝑘𝑁
∅𝑉𝑐 = ∅ × 0.17 × ට𝑓𝑐′ × 𝑏 × 𝑑

∅𝑉𝑐 = 0.75 × 0.17 × ඥ25 × 1000 × 225 × 10−3
∅𝑉𝑐 = 143.44 𝑘𝑁 > 𝑉𝑢@𝑑 𝑂𝐾
F. Reinforcement calculation.
Mu → R → ρ → ൫AS , AS min ൯use max → nember of bar and dimeter
𝑊𝑢 ×𝑙 2
Mu =
2
𝑞𝑢 ×1×𝑋 2 267.48×1×0.652
Mu = = = 56.51𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2 2
192
‫‪Mu‬‬ ‫‪56.51 ×106‬‬
‫=𝑅‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪= 1.24 Mpa‬‬
‫𝑑𝑏‪0.9‬‬ ‫‪0.9×1000×2252‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫𝑅×𝑚×‪2‬‬

‫‪ρ = ቀ ቁ ൤1 − ට1 −‬‬ ‫‪൨‬‬
‫𝑚‬ ‫𝑦𝑓‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2 × 19.76 × 1.24‬‬

‫‪ρ=൬‬‬ ‫‪൰ ቎1 − ඨ1 −‬‬ ‫𝑘𝑜 ‪቏ = 0.003044 < ρ0.005‬‬
‫‪19.76‬‬ ‫‪420‬‬
‫‪𝐴𝑆 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.003044 × 1000 × 225 = 685 𝑚𝑚2‬‬
‫‪𝐴𝑆 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑏ℎ‬‬
‫‪193‬‬
‫‪𝐴𝑆 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0018 × 1000 × 300 = 540 𝑚𝑚2‬‬
‫∅‬ ‫𝑆𝐴‬
‫‪𝐴𝑆 > 𝐴𝑆 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑜𝑘 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝑆 = 685𝑚𝑚2‬‬
‫‪∅10‬‬ ‫‪79‬‬
‫‪∅12‬‬ ‫‪114‬‬
‫‪𝑛 = 5,6,7,8,9,10‬‬
‫‪∅14‬‬ ‫‪154‬‬
‫𝑆𝐴‬ ‫‪685‬‬ ‫‪∅16‬‬ ‫‪201‬‬
‫= ‪Ab‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 137 𝑚𝑚2‬‬ ‫‪∅18‬‬ ‫‪254‬‬
‫𝑛‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪∅20‬‬ ‫‪314‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪Ab ×4‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪137×4‬‬ ‫‪∅22‬‬ ‫‪380‬‬
‫‪𝑑=ට‬‬ ‫‪=ට‬‬ ‫𝑚𝑚 ‪= 13.21‬‬ ‫‪∅25‬‬ ‫‪491‬‬
‫𝜋‬ ‫𝜋‬
‫‪Use ∅14‬‬
‫‪As‬‬ ‫‪685‬‬
‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪Ab‬‬ ‫‪d‬‬ ‫∅‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪137.00‬‬ ‫‪13.21‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪114.17‬‬ ‫‪12.06‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪97.86‬‬ ‫‪11.16‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪85.63‬‬ ‫‪10.44‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪76.11‬‬ ‫‪9.84‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫𝑚‪𝑈𝑠𝑒 5∅14/‬‬ ‫𝑘𝑜 ‪AS = 770 𝑚𝑚2 > 685 𝑚𝑚2‬‬
‫‪𝐴𝑆 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0018 × 1000 × 300 = 540 𝑚𝑚2‬‬

‫‪As‬‬ ‫‪540‬‬
‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪Ab‬‬ ‫‪d‬‬ ‫∅‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪108.00‬‬ ‫‪11.73‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪90.00‬‬ ‫‪10.70‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪77.14‬‬ ‫‪9.91‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪67.50‬‬ ‫‪9.27‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪60.00‬‬ ‫‪8.74‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫𝑚‪𝑈𝑠𝑒 5∅12/‬‬ ‫𝑘𝑜 ‪AS = 565 𝑚𝑚2 > 540 𝑚𝑚2‬‬
‫‪194‬‬
‫𝑚𝑐 ‪175‬‬
‫𝑚𝑐 ‪155‬‬
‫𝐵 ‪5∅12/𝑚 − 𝑇 −‬‬
‫𝑚𝑐 ‪100‬‬
‫‪5∅14/𝑚 -B‬‬
‫‪195‬‬
𝒅𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉
ℓd = development length in tension of deformed bar, deformed wire, plain and

deformed welded wire reinforcement, or pretensioned strand.
𝓵𝒂𝒗
𝓵𝒂𝒗 > 𝓵𝒅 𝒏𝒐 𝒏𝒆𝒆𝒅 𝒉𝒐𝒐𝒌
196
‫‪197‬‬
‫𝑠𝛹×𝑒𝛹×𝑡𝛹 ×𝑦𝑓‬
‫‪ℓ𝑑 = ቌ‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫𝑟𝑡𝐾‪𝐶𝑏 +‬‬
‫𝑏𝑑 ‪ቍ‬‬
‫‪1.1 𝜆 ඥ𝑓𝑐′ ቆ‬‬ ‫‪ቇ‬‬
‫𝑏𝑑‬
‫𝑎𝑝𝑀‪𝒇𝑦 = 420‬‬ ‫‪𝛹𝑡 = 1‬‬ ‫‪𝛹𝑒 = 1 𝛹𝑠 = 0.8 𝜆 = 1‬‬ ‫𝑎𝑝𝑀 ‪𝑓𝑐′ = 25‬‬ ‫𝑚𝑚 ‪𝑑𝑏 = 14‬‬
‫𝑟𝑡𝐾 ‪𝐶𝑏 +‬‬

‫‪ቆ‬‬ ‫𝟓 ‪ቇ = 𝟐.‬‬
‫𝑏𝑑‬
‫𝑠𝛹 × 𝑒𝛹 × 𝑡𝛹 × 𝑦𝑓‬ ‫‪420 × 1 × 1 × 1‬‬

‫ۇ = 𝑑‪ℓ‬‬ ‫‪ 𝑑𝑏 = ቆ‬ۊ‬ ‫𝑚𝑚 ‪ቇ 14 = 687.27‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫𝑟𝑡𝐾 ‪𝐶𝑏 +‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1.1 × 1 × ඥ25 × 2.5‬‬
‫‪1.1 𝜆 ඥ𝑓𝑐′ ൬‬‬ ‫‪൰‬‬
‫ۉ‬ ‫𝑏𝑑‬ ‫ی‬
‫𝑚𝑚 ‪ℓ𝑎𝑣 = 𝑋 − 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 = 0.65 − 0.075 = 0.575𝑚 = 575‬‬
‫𝑑‪ℓ𝑎𝑣 < ℓ‬‬ ‫𝑘𝑜𝑜‪𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑑 ℎ‬‬
‫𝑚𝑚 ‪𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑘 = (687.27 − 557) = 112.28‬‬
‫𝑚𝑚 ‪𝑜𝑟 12𝑑𝑏 = 12 × 14 = 168‬‬
‫𝑚𝑚 ‪𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑘 = 168‬‬
‫‪198‬‬
ℓdc = development length in compression of deformed bars and deformed wire.
𝓵𝒂𝒗
𝓵𝒂𝒗 > 𝓵𝒅𝒄 𝒏𝒐 𝒏𝒆𝒆𝒅 𝒉𝒐𝒐𝒌
199
‫𝑟𝛹 × 𝑦𝑓‪0.24‬‬
‫‪ℓ𝑑𝑐 = ቆ‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫𝑏𝑑 ‪ቇ‬‬
‫‪𝜆 ඥ𝑓𝑐′‬‬
‫‪0.24 × 420 × 1‬‬

‫‪ℓ𝑑𝑐 = ቆ‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫𝑚𝑚 ‪ቇ 14 = 282 𝑚𝑚 > 200‬‬
‫‪1 × ඥ25‬‬
‫𝑏𝑑 × 𝑟𝛹 × 𝑦𝑓‪ℓ𝑑𝑐 = 0.043‬‬
‫𝑚𝑚 ‪ℓ𝑑𝑐 = 0.043 × 420 × 1 × 14 = 253 𝑚𝑚 >200‬‬
‫𝑚𝑚 ‪ℓ𝑑𝑐 = 282‬‬
‫𝑓 𝑏𝑑 ‪𝓵𝒂𝒗 = 𝒉𝒇𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 − 𝒄𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒓 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒆 − 𝑑𝑏 𝑓 −‬‬
‫𝑚𝑚 ‪ℓ𝑎𝑣 = 300 − 75 − 14 − 12 = 199‬‬

‫‪200‬‬
‫𝒌𝒐𝒐𝒉 𝒅𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒄𝒅𝓵 < 𝒗𝒂𝓵‬
‫𝑚𝑚 ‪𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑘 = (282 − 199) = 83‬‬
‫𝑚𝑚 ‪𝑜𝑟 12𝑑𝑏 = 12 × 14 = 168‬‬
‫‪201‬‬
‫‪202‬‬
‫‪203‬‬
‫‪204‬‬
Note
Calculation of moment and shear.
➢ Use three moment equation
6A1 a1 6A2 a2
M1 L1 + 2M1 ൫L1 + L2 ൯ + M3 L3 = − −
L1 L2
6A1 a1 W𝑢 × L1 3
=
L1 4
6A2 a2 W𝑢 × L2 3
=
L2 4
For rib1
Wu=8.69 KN/m
A 5.84 m B 3.41 m C 3.90 m D 4.20 m E
Segment (A-C)
Wu=8.69 KN/m
A 5.84 m B 3.41 m C
6A1 a1 6A2 a2
M𝐴 L1 + 2M𝐵 ൫L1 + L2 ൯ + M𝐶 L3 = − −
L1 L2
6A1 a1 8.69 × 5.843
= = 432.71
L1 4
6A2 a2 8.69 × 3.413
= = 86.14
L2 4
0 × L1 + 2M𝐵 (5.84 + 3.41) + M𝐶 × 3.41 = −432.71 − 86.14

205
18.5M𝐵 + 3.41M𝐶 = −518.85 … … … . .1
Segment (B-D)
Wu=8.69 KN/m
B 3.41 m C 3.90 m D
6A1 a1 6A2 a2
M𝐵 L1 + 2M𝐶 ൫L1 + L2 ൯ + M𝐷 L3 = − −
L1 L2
6A1 a1 8.69 × 3.413
= = 86.14
L1 4
6A2 a2 8.69 × 3.93
= = 128.87
L2 4
M𝐵 × 3.41 + 2M𝐶 (3.41 + 3.9) + M𝐷 × 3.9 = −86.14 − 128.87

3.41M𝐵 + 14.62M𝐶 + 3.9M𝐷 = −215.01 … … … . .2
Segment (C-E)
Wu=8.69 KN/m
C 3.9 m D 4.2 m E
6A1 a1 6A2 a2
M𝐶 L1 + 2M𝐷 ൫L1 + L2 ൯ + M𝐸 L3 = − −
L1 L2
6A1 a1 8.69 × 3.93
= = 128.87
L1 4
6A2 a2 8.69 × 4.23
= = 160.96
L2 4
M𝐶 × 3.9 + 2M𝐷 (3.9 + 4.2) + 0 × 4.2 = −128.87 − 160.96

3.9M𝐶 + 16.2M𝐷 = −289.81 … … … . .3
206
‫‪18.5M𝐵 + 3.41M𝐶 = −518.85 … … … . .1‬‬
‫‪3.41M𝐵 + 14.62M𝐶 + 3.9M𝐷 = −215.01 … … … . .2‬‬
‫‪3.9M𝐶 + 16.2M𝐷 = −289.81 … … … . .3‬‬
‫𝐶‪−518.85−3.41M‬‬
‫= 𝐵‪From 1 M‬‬ ‫‪18.5‬‬
‫𝐶‪−289.81−3.9M‬‬
‫= 𝐷‪From 3 M‬‬ ‫‪16.2‬‬
‫𝐶‪−518.85 − 3.41M‬‬ ‫𝐶‪−289.81 − 3.9M‬‬

‫‪3.41 ቆ‬‬ ‫‪ቇ + 14.62M𝐶 + 3.9 ቆ‬‬ ‫‪ቇ = −215.01‬‬
‫‪18.5‬‬ ‫‪16.2‬‬
‫‪−95.64 − 0.63M𝐶 + 14.62M𝐶 − 69.77 − 0.94M𝐶 = −215.01‬‬
‫‪13.05M𝐶 − 165.41 = −215.01‬‬
‫‪13.05M𝐶 = −49.6‬‬
‫‪−49.6‬‬
‫= 𝐶‪M‬‬ ‫𝑚 ‪= −3.8 𝑘𝑁.‬‬
‫‪13.05‬‬
‫)‪−518.85 − 3.41(−3.8‬‬
‫= 𝐵‪M‬‬ ‫𝑚 ‪= 27.35 𝑘𝑁.‬‬
‫‪18.5‬‬
‫)‪−289.81 − 3.9(−3.8‬‬
‫= 𝐷‪M‬‬ ‫𝑚 ‪= 16.97 𝑘𝑁.‬‬
‫‪16.2‬‬
‫‪207‬‬
For rib1
Wu=8.69 KN/m
A 5.84 m B 3.41 m C 3.90 m D 4.20 m E
20.69 𝐾𝑁 21.73𝐾𝑁
13.57 𝐾𝑁 22.65 𝐾𝑁
20.69 13.57 22.65

21.73 = 1.56𝑚
= 2.38𝑚 = 2.5𝑚 8.69 = 2.61𝑚
8.69 8.69 8.69
13.85𝐾𝑁
7.91 𝐾𝑁 20.33𝐾𝑁
30.05 𝐾𝑁
27.35𝐾𝑁. 𝑚
3.8𝐾𝑁. 𝑚 16.97𝐾𝑁. 𝑚
21.73 × 2.5
−27.35 + 13.57 × 1.56
2 −3.8 +
= −0.19 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 2 22.65 × 2.61
= 6.78 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 −16.97 +
20.69 × 2.38 2
= 24.62 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 = 12.59 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2
Wu=8.69 KN/m Wu=8.69 KN/m Wu=8.69 KN/m Wu=8.69 KN/m

8.69 × 5.84 8.69 × 3.41 8.69 × 3.9 8.69 × 4.2
𝑅= = 25.37 𝑅= = 14.82 𝑅= = 16.95 𝑅= = 18.25
2 2 2 2
25.37 25.37 14.82 14.82 16.95 16.95 18.25 18.25
27.35 3.8 16.97

𝑅= = 4.68 𝑅= = 1.11 𝑅= = 4.35
5.84 3.41 3.9
4.68 4.68 1.11 1.11 4.35 4.35
3.8 16.97
27.35 𝑅= = 0.97 𝑅= = 4.04
𝑅= = 8.02 3.9 4.2
3.41
0.97 0.97 4.04 4.04

8.02 8.02
20.69 30.05 20.33 13.85

21.73 13.57 22.65
7.91
208
‫‪Note‬‬
‫𝒌𝒐𝒐𝒉 𝒅𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒄𝒅𝓵 < 𝒗𝒂𝓵‬
‫𝑚𝑚 ‪𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑘 = (282 − 199) = 83‬‬
‫𝑚𝑚 ‪𝑜𝑟 12𝑑𝑏 = 12 × 14 = 168‬‬
‫‪209‬‬

ENG-MUTASEM ALMOUSSA - Design of Multistory Reinforced Concrete Building04

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ENG-MUTASEM ALMOUSSA - Design of Multistory Reinforced Concrete Building04

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Design of Multistory Reinforced Concrete

Eng. MUTASEM OMAR ALMOUSSA

• Reinforced concrete: is a combination of

1- Compressive strength of concrete:

➢ Mold dimensions 15x15x15 or 20x20x20 20 mm

➢ Conversion ƒc′ ≈ 0.8 ƒcu

➢ Elasticity: Elasticity is the property of the material which enables the

➢ Modulus of elasticity: Within the proportional limit, stress = E ×

strain. E is a proportionality constant known as the modulus of elasticity

Ec: Modulus of elasticity of concrete, (Unit MPa).

1- Yield strength for nonprestressed reinforcement :

➢ Strain: Strain is the change in the dimension ΔL= (L-L0) with

GRADE ƒy MPa ƒu MPa

40 280 420 for stirrups

60 420 620 for longitudinal reinforcement

𝐸𝑠 = 200 𝐺𝑃𝑎 For all types

In ribbed slab and solid slab

slab beam column footing

In flat slab and waffle slab

slab column footing

A. Solid slabs : 1-One-way

B. Ribbed slabs: 1-One-way

D. Grid or waffle slabs.

1. Chose type of slab.

B. Determine reinforcing (one-way̦ two-way).

➢ For solid slabs :

If S > 7 m two way

5000 mm 4500 mm 4500 mm

L 5000 L 4500 L 6000

‫‪5000 mm‬‬ ‫‪4500 mm‬‬ ‫‪4500 mm‬‬

‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪5000‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪4500‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪6000‬‬

A. Dead load : It is the constant weight along the age of the

➢ Calculation of bending moment and shear force.

‫‪➢ Reinforcement calculation.‬‬

Mu → R → ρ → ൛AS , AS min ൟ use max → nember of bar and dimater

Mu : Binding moment (KN.m).

∅VC = ø (1/6) ×ටƒc′ ×bw ×d

Vu < ∅VC no need stirrups

‫‪ .A‬جدران القص )‪(shear wall‬‬

‫‪ .1‬بين كل جسرين تعتبر بالطة ‪.‬‬

‫‪ → ribbed slab‬مبنى سكني‬

S= 5.84 < 7 one way

S= 3.9 < 7 one way

S= 5.05 < 7 one way

S= 5.43 < 7 one way

5840 3410 3900 4200

5840 mm 3410 mm 3900 mm 5050 mm

5840 3410 3900 5050

‫‪5840 mm‬‬ ‫‪1100 mm‬‬

Maximum hmin= 316 mm

Standard ridded slab:

h (mm) hw , hb (mm) weight of block (KN)

200 140 0.13

300,310,320 240 0.18

400 320 0.30

Use h = 310 mm bf =520 mm

bw bo. =120 mm.

bw >100 mm, bw =120

hw ≤ 3.5 bw , 240 ≤ 420

hf > 50 mm, hf > (Clear spacing between ribs /12,400/12)=33mm , hf =70 mm

h (mm) hw , hb (mm) weight of block (KN)

200 150 0.14