cartilages, Septal cartilage (Dhingra, 2016).
posterior ethmoidal artery which supply the
Internal Nose
It is divided into right and left nasal
cavities by nasal septum. Each nasal cavity
communicates with the exterior through
naris or nostril and with the nasopharynx
through posterior nasal aperture or the
choana. Anterior and inferior part of nasal
cavity is called vestibule. It is lined by skin
and contains sebaceous glands, hair
follicles and the hair called vibrissae. Each
nasal cavity has a lateral wall, a medial
wall, a roof and a floor. Lateral nasal wall
have Three and occasionally four turbinates
or conchae mark the lateral wall of nose.
Conchae or turbinates (Inferior, mddle and
superior) are scroll-like bony projections
covered by mucous membrane. The spaces
below the turbinates are called meatuses
(Dhingra, 2016).
Blood Supply
Nose is richly supplied by both the
external and internal carotid systems, both
on the septum and the lateral walls. Nasal
septum are vascularated by 2 main arteries,
they are external and internal carotid
arteries. External carotid arteries are
branches into facial arteries and become
Superior labial artery that supply little’s
area in septum. And also branches into
maxillary artery that become greater
palatine artery and sphenopalatine artery.
While internal carotid artery branches into
ophthalmic artery that become anterior and
septum wall. Lateral wall nose is also
supplied by internal and external carotid
arteries (Dhingra, 2016).
Nerve Supply
Olfactory Nerves carry sense of
smell and supply olfactory region of nose.
They are the central filaments of the
olfactory cells and are arranged into 12–20
nerves which pass through the cribriform
plate and end in the olfactory bulb. Nerves
of common sensation divided into anterior
ethmoidal nerve, branches of sphenopalatine
ganglion and branches of infraorbital nerve.
Most of the posterior two-thirds of nasal
cavity (both septum and lateral wall) are
supplied by branches of sphenopalatine
ganglion which can be blocked by placing a
pledget of cotton soaked in anaesthetic
solution near the sphenopalatine foramen
situated at the posterior extremity of middle
turbinate. Anterior ethmoidal nerve which
supplies anterior and superior part of the
nasal cavity (lateral wall and septum) can be
blocked by placing the pledget high up on
the inside of nasal bones where the nerve
enters. Parasympathetic nerve fibres supply
the nasal glands and control nasal secretion.
They come from greater superficial petrosal
nerve, travel in the nerve of pterygoid canal
(vidian nerve) and reach the sphenopalatine
ganglion where they relay before reaching
the nasal cavity. They also supply the blood
vessels of nose and cause vasodilation.