Nature of Language- The origin of language and its Some theories consider language mostly as an innate Since communication
Since communication is generally defined as the exchange
evolutionary emergence topic is difficult to study because
of the different speculations for several centuries. Many
argue that the origins of language probably relate closely
to the origins of modern human behaviour, but there is
little agreement about the implications and directionality
of this connection.
"Continuity theories" built on the idea that language
exhibits so much complexity that one cannot imagine it
simply appearing from nothing in its final form; therefore,
it must have evolved from earlier pre-linguistic systems
among our primate ancestors.
"Discontinuity theories" take the opposite approach—that
language, as a unique trait which cannot be compared to
anything found among non-humans, must have appeared
fairly suddenly during the course of human evolution.
This model analyzes communication in terms of five key
elements: who, says what, in which channel, to whom, and
with what effect. Lasswell's model was initially
formulated for the analysis of mass communication, such
as radio, television, and newspapers, but it has also been
applied to various other fields and forms of
communication,
Lasswell's model of communication is a linear and action-
oriented model that focuses on the transmission of a
message from a sender to a receiver. The model comprises
five key elements: who, says what, in which channel, to
whom, and with what effect. These elements help in
understanding the basic dynamics of communication.
Lasswell's model serves as a foundational framework
upon which more complex and interactive communication
models have been built. It provides a starting point for
deeper explorations of communication theories. The
model is used in pedagogical settings to teach students the
major elements of the communication process and as a
starting point for developing hypotheses.
Communication may then be classified according to: (1)
faculty—largely genetically encoded.
Other theories regard language as a mainly cultural system
—learned through social interaction.
What is Language?
Language can be defined as the tool used in
communication process. Language itself can be amplified
with the students’ experiences and expressions of
thoughts, ideas, feelings and the tools to be used in
communication. The importance of language can also be
answered while the teaching-learning process takes place.
Types of Communication- Depending on what is being
considered, communication as a term takes on different
contexts resulting in people having different views on
communication types.
Aristotle, a Greek philosopher and writer, developed the
earliest mass communication model called "Aristotle's
Model of Communication" before 300 B.C. This model is
widely accepted and is mainly focused on public speaking
rather than interpersonal communication. The model
emphasizes the importance of the speaker's credibility,
emotional connection, and logical arguments in
persuading an audience. The model comprises five basic
elements, including speaker, speech, audience, effect, and
occasion. In this essay, we will discuss Aristotle's model
of communication in detail.
Aristotle's model of communication is a linear and
speaker-centric model that emphasizes the importance of
the speaker's credibility, emotional connection, and logical
arguments in persuading an audience. The model has five
basic components, including speaker, speech, audience,
effect, and occasion.
Lasswell's model of communication, with its five key
elements, provides a simple and concise framework for
understanding the basic dynamics of communication. The
model has been influential in the field of communication
studies, serving as a foundation for more complex and
interactive communication models. While the model has
its limitations, it remains a valuable tool for analyzing
mass communication and teaching students the
fundamentals of the communication process.
of thoughts, ideas, concepts, and views between or among
two or more people, various. Contexts come into play.
Context is the circumstance or environment in which
communication takes place.
Such circumstance may include the physical or actual
setting, the value positions of a speaker/listener, and the
relevance or appropriateness of a message conveyed. It
focuses on certain communication processes and even
groupings of people that constitute a communication
situation. Different contexts can impact one’s
communication. Each communication type is governed by
a particular circumstance. Thus, it is essential to pay
attention to the interplay of factors surrounding the
contexts of communication which may be physical,
cultural, social, and psychological in nature
The speaker is the most important element in this model,
and it is their responsibility to select their words carefully
and deliver a speech to the public. The role of the
audience is passive, and there is no scope for them to
provide feedback. The model emphasizes the significance
of the speaker's credibility, emotional connection, and
logical arguments in persuading an audience.
In conclusion, Aristotle's model of communication is a
linear and speaker-centric model that emphasizes the
importance of the speaker's credibility, emotional
connection, and logical arguments in persuading an
audience. The model has five basic components, including
speaker, speech, audience, effect, and occasion, and it is
widely used in preparing seminars, lectures, and speeches.
The model is compared with other communication
frameworks, and it is still relevant today since public
speaking is an evergreen skill that is always in demand.
The Shannon-Weaver model of communication is one of
the earliest and most influential models of communication.
It was initially published in the 1948 paper "A
Mathematical Theory of Communication" and explains
how messages are transmitted from a sender to a receiver.
The model comprises six basic elements, including source,
encoder, channel, decoder, receiver, and noise.
The Shannon-Weaver model of communication has been
very influential in various fields, including
communication theory and information theory. Many later
theorists have built their own models on its insights The
Shannon-Weaver model is based on the idea that
communication is a linear and one-way process that
involves six elements: a source, an encoder, a channel, a
decoder, a receiver, and noise. The model is widely
applied in the field of communication, and it is considered
to be a highly effective communication model that
explains the basic dynamics of communication.
communication mode (verbal- non-verbal and visual), (2)
context (intrapersonal, Interpersonal, Extended,
Organizational and Intercultural) and (3) purpose and style
(formal and informal).
Communication Process, Principles and Ethics- In the
previous discussion, you learned about the types of
communication mode, context, and purpose and style. In
this lesson, you will review the nature of the
communication process and some important
communication models. The communication process
involves elements such as source, message, encoding,
channel, decoding., receiver, feedback, context, and
barrier. Communication can be a one-way or two-way
process. There are many conceptual models for human
communication but in this lesson, you will be exposed to
only four: (1) Aristotle’s model; (2) Laswell’s model; (3)
Shannon-Weaver’s model; and (4) David Berlo’s model of
communication.
The model is mainly focused on speaker and speech, and
it is less focused on interpersonal communication. Despite
its limitations, Aristotle's model of communication
remains a valuable tool for public speakers and
communicators.
In conclusion, the Shannon-Weaver model of
communication is a linear and action-oriented model that
focuses on the transmission of a message from a sender to
a receiver. The model comprises six basic elements,
including source, encoder, channel, decoder, receiver, and
noise. The model has been very influential in various
fields, including communication theory and information
theory. While the model has its limitations, it remains a
valuable tool for analysing communication and teaching
students the fundamentals of the communication process.
The model is a one-way or linear communication
framework based on the Shannon-Weaver
communication mode. It consists of four components:
Sender, Message, Channel, and Receiver, which are each
influenced by different factors. This essay will explore
the components of the SMCR model, its advantages, and
criticisms.
In the SMCR model, the sender encodes the message,
which is then transmitted through a chosen channel to the
receiver, who decodes the message to understand its
meaning. The model assumes that effective
communication occurs when the sender and receiver are
on the same level or are roughly similar.
Berlo's SMCR Model of Communication provides a
simple and straightforward framework for understanding
the basic elements of the communication process. While
the model has its advantages, such as clarity and
alignment of message and receiver, it has also been
criticized for oversimplification and assumptions about
effective communication.
Overall, the SMCR model serves as a useful tool for
analyzing and improving communication processes.
Furthermore, communication ethics emphasizes that
morals influence the behaviour of an individual, group,
or organization thereby affecting their communication. It
is important to note that one’s behaviour should be
regulated by honesty, decency, truthfulness, sincerity,
and moral uprightness.
Be guided by the following ethical communication:
(1) Establish an effective value system that will pave the
way for the development of your integrity as a person;
(2) Provide complete and accurate information. (3)
Disclose vital information adequately and appropriately.
Observing a code of ethics is essential as it determines
the kind of behaviour that is proper and desirable over
one that is displeasing and offensive. A code of ethics
sets the standards to be observed by a person or company
that will create a good reputation or a positive image not
only for an individual but also for the organization.
PINOYS TOP SOCIAL MEDIA USERS, ACCORDING
The process of communication involves the following
elements:
1. Sender: The person who conveys his thoughts,
message or ideas to the receiver is known as the sender.
He is at the starting point of the communication system
and represents the source of communication.
2. Message: The subject matter of communication is
termed as messages. It includes ideas, feelings,
suggestions, order, etc., which a sender wants to convey
to the receiver.
3. Encoding: The process of converting messages into
communication symbols, which may be understood by
the receiver. It includes words, pictures, gestures,
symbols, etc. Encoding translates the internal thought of
the sender into a language which can be understandable.
4. Media: The path, channel or medium through which
encoded message is transmitted to the receiver is known
as media. It is the carrier of the message. It can be in
written form, face to face, through telephone, letter,
internet, etc.
5. Decoding: The process of translating the encoded
message into an effective language, which can be
understood by the receiver is known as decoding. In this,
the encoded symbols of the sender are converted.
Modes of Communication- Communication means
transferring messages from one to another through any
medium. It is the process of generating meaning by
sending and receiving verbal and nonverbal symbols and
signs that are influenced by multiple contexts. Forms of
communication vary in terms of participants, channels
used, and contexts. There are five main forms of
communication, all of which will be explored in this
lesson. The five major forms are intrapersonal,
interpersonal, group, public, and mass communication.
Intrapersonal communication occurs when you talk to
yourself while dyadic communication involves two
people in the communication process. When more than
two persons are involved in the process, it is considered
as small group communication.
(4) The United States, where many of these social media
6. Receiver: The person who receives the message of the
sender is known as the receiver.
7. Feedback: In order to complete the process of
communication, feedback is essential. The process of
reversal of communication in which the receiver
expresses his reaction to the sender of the message is
known as feedback. Feedback ensures that the receiver
has received and understood the message.
8. Noise: Any construction or hindrance which hampers
the communication process is known as noise. The
hindrance may be caused to the sender, message or
receiver. It acts as a barrier to effective communication
and because of this message is interpreted differently by
the receiver. Disturbance in the telephone line,
inattentive receiver, faulty decoding, poor internet
connection, improper gestures and postures, etc., are
some examples of noise.
For public communication, there is no mutual feedback
between source and receiver like small group
communication and its only focused on Speaker. For
mass communication, large group of audiences is
considered. The Speaker has his or her technology and
uses technology as a medium of transmitting messages to
large groups of people.
Forms of Communication: Intrapersonal, dyadic
communication, small group communication, public
communication, mass communication.
Verbal communication is the process of using words to
share information with other people. It can include both
spoken and written communication, Ex: meeting, phone
calls, interview and public speech.
Nonverbal communication refers to the process of
conveying information without using words. It includes
all the nonlocal elements of communication, such as
body language, facial expressions, eye contact, gestures,
posture, and tone of voice
(8) There appeared to be a relationship between poor
Since communication is a two-way process, it is
important that you know the principles to be observed to
make it effective. For both oral and written
communication, you should be able to apply the
following general principles of effective communication:
(1) Know your purpose in communicating; (2) Know
your audience; (3) Know your topic; (4) Adjust your
speech or writing to the context of the situation; (5)
Work on the feedback given you.
For the principles of effective oral communication, you
should be able to apply the following:
(1) Be clear with your purpose; (2) Be complete with the
message you deliver; (3) Be concise; (4) Be natural with
your delivery; (5) Be specific and timely with your
feedback.
There are also principles of effective written
communication or The 7 C’s: (1) Be clear; (2) Be
concise; (3) Be concrete; (4) Be correct; (5) Be coherent;
(6) Be complete; and (7) Be courteous.
Visual communication is the process of
conveying information and ideas through visual
elements such as signs, typography, drawing, graphic
design, illustration, industrial design, advertising,
animation, and electronic resources. Ex: video,
photography, presentation.
Communication and Technology- There are various
modes through which we communicate with each other.
In the past, these modes took the form of handwritten
messages, typewritten messages, short telegrams,
computer-encoded texts, as well as landline telephone
conversation, and audio/video-recorded messages.
Because each mode of communication is distinct from
the other, the ways in which we craft our messages
differ. For example, there is a greater tendency for us to
write a longer, more visually detailed message if we
encode it using a computer. If we handwrite the same
message, or deliver it through an audio-recording, the
message will not be the same.
(14)Around the world, internet users grew 10 percent, or
TO STUDY By Miguel R. Camus (2017)
(1) Filipinos spend more time on social media sites than
anyone else in the world, going online roughly four
hours and 17 minutes a day, according to a report
released on Tuesday.
(2) Filipinos spend most of their online time on sites
such as Facebook, Snapchat and Twitter, said the report,
called digital in 2007, and prepared by social media
platform Hootsuite and United Kingdom-based
consultancy We Are Social Ltd.
US AMONG BOTTOM HALF
(3) Brazilians and Argentinians followed closely behind,
spending three hours and 43 minutes and three hours and
32 minutes on social media, respectively, the report said.
players where founded, is among the bottom half. With
Americans spending an average of just two hours and six
seconds per day. The least active were the Japanese, who
log on an average of just 40 minutes daily.
(5) “It’s probably due to the same cultural dynamics that
made us the text messaging capital of the world,” said
Ramon Isberto, spokesperson for telecoms giant PLDT
and Smart, referring to mobile phone text messaging in
the past decade that is now giving way to internet-based
applications.
(6) “Filipinos like to keep in touch,” Isberto said.
SLOWEST IN ASIA-PACIFIC
(7) The Philippines’ social media usage was in stark
contrast to its internet speed. Fixed-broadband speed
here is among the slowest in Asia-Pacific, while mobile
connections are among the fastest, according to the most
recent Akamai report.
fixed-broadband speed and time spent on social media. an additional 354 million people, while active social
(9) The Philippines, Brazil and Argentina have an media users jumped 21 percent, or an additional 482
average fixed-line broadband speed of 4.2 megabits per million.
second (mbps), 5.5 mbps and 5 mbps, respectively. (15)Global active netizens using mobile phones and
(10)The fastest was South Korea, with 26.3 mbps, and other devices surged 30 percent, or another 581 million
its citizens just spend about 1 hour and 11 minutes a day people.
on social media.
INTERNET USE ON THE RISE
(11)According to the report, the Philippines’ internet and
social media users grew by over 25 percent, up 13b
million and 12 million over last year, respectively.
(12)Mobile was also a fast-growing platform,
accounting for 38 percent of all Web traffic in the
country, up almost a third over 2016. (13)The
Philippines, so far, had a social media penetration rate of
58 percent, higher than the average of 47 percent in
Southeast Asia.
DIGITAL CONNECTIVITY
(16)The total internet penetration rate stood at 50
percent, or 3.77 billion people, the report showed.
(17)“Half of the world’s population is now online, which
is a testament to speed with which digital connectivity is
helping to improve people’s lives,” said Simon Kemp, a
consultant at We Are Social.
(18)“The increase in internet users in developing
economies is particularly encouraging,” Kemp added.
(19)The report compiles data from the world’s largest
studies of online behaviour, conducted by organizations
including GlobalWebIndex, GSMA Intelligence, Statista.
And Akamai in “a comprehensive state” of social media
reference.
(20)The 2016 report has been downloaded 70,000 times
and read 2.5 million times on SlideShare so far.
ADAPTATION TO NEW CULTURES
Many other countries are now considered a “melting
pot”; a place, where city or country where people of
various races or cultured live together and gradually
create a community. As these countries coexist in
cultures,
overcoming cultural differences is difficult. However,
people learn to adapt despite the difficulties.
People use ways of adapting to new cultures:
(a) cultural integration,
(b) cultural assimilation,
(c) multiculturalism,
(d) cultural accommodation, and
(e) separation.
BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE INTERNATIONAL
COMMUNICATION
(McKeiver, 2013; Chase & Shamo, 2013, as cited in
Padilla, Dagdag, Roxas, & Perez, 2016)
Ethnocentrism. Ethnocentrism refers to the belief that a
person’s culture (his “in group” culture) is much better
than any other group’s culture (an “out-group” culture),
and a tendency is for that person to judge any “out-
group” culture by using the norm of his “in-group”
culture.
Stereotypes and Prejudices. Stereotyping and being
prejudiced against cultural groups are the main barriers
to intercultural communication.
Stereotypes. Stereotyping is a generalization of a group
of people based on a small sample of these people.
Intercultural Communication- Intercultural
communication is the process of communicating and
exchanging information between people from different
cultural backgrounds. It involves understanding and
respecting cultural differences, recognizing similarities,
and adapting communication styles to ensure effective
communication. Effective intercultural communication
requires an understanding of cultural norms, values, and
beliefs, as well as an awareness of one's own cultural
biases and assumptions. Intercultural communication is
essential in various fields, and it helps people to
understand and appreciate cultural differences, avoid
misunderstandings, and build stronger relationships.
THE NATURE OF COMMON CULTURAL
DIFFERENCES
Cultural differences are apparent in four basic traits: (a)
leadership, (b) work productivity, (c) group allegiance,
(d) task commitment (Chase & Shamo, 2013, as cited in
in Padilla, Dagdag, Roxas, & Perez, 2016 ).
COMMUNICATING WITHIN AND ACROSS
CULTURES
Nobody is capable of fully understanding all languages
and all cultures of the world, as well as how they are
similar and different from one another. To bridge the
intercultural communication gaps, we need to be
openminded
(getting rid of prejudiced and biased beliefs), respecting
cultural differences no matter how seemingly strange or
“primitive they are or seem to us (as cited in in Padilla,
Dagdag, Roxas, & Perez, 2016 ).
Prejudice. An offshoot of stereotypes is an unfair
thought, belief, or feeling of dislike for a person or group
because of race, nationality, gender, sexual orientation,
age, religion, etc.
Assumed similarities. It is a baseless, unreasonable
refusal to see cultural differences where they exist.
Anxiety. Intercultural communication anxiety is the fear
or apprehension associated with either real or anticipated
communication with people from another cultural group.
According to Science, each person is generally unique.
Except for identical twins, each person has a unique
genetic composition. This uniqueness becomes even
more heightened because of individual experiences.
Human are formed by forces other than genetics. Final
background, religious affiliations, educational
achievements, socio-cultural forces, economic
conditions, emotional states, and other factors shape
human identities. Because of this, no two people can ever
be exactly the same (as cited in Madrunio & Martin,
2018, pg. 104). It is then important to be culturally
sensible to the differences between and among
individuals in any communication process and setting.
We can respond cultural differences in variety of ways:
1. Avoiding. We may refuse to comply to do business in
cultures that operate according to ethical principles that
differ
from ours.
2. Accommodating. We can accept the different ethical
system and conform to practices different from ours.
3. Forcing. We can insist on doing business in a way we
believe is ethically proper.
4. Educating –Persuading. We can try to convince the
people with whom we want to do business why our
ethical
principle is more appropriate.
5. Negotiating –Compromising. We and the other party
can each give up something to negotiate a settlement.
6. Collaboration –Problem Solving. We can work with
the other party to face the problem directly and reach a
mutually
satisfying solution.
Living in a globalized world, you encounter people with
diverse cultural backgrounds. Such interactions occur in
social, educational, political and commercial settings.
Hence, in today’s era of increased global
communication, it is imperative to understand
intercultural communication for us to enhance our
intercultural awareness and competence. Intercultural
competence is essential for us to live harmoniously
despite our differences in culture. Intercultural
communication refers to interaction with people from
diverse cultures (Jandt, 1998). There are various forms of
intercultural communication:
1. Interracial communication – communicating with
people from different races. 2. Interethnic
communication – interacting with people of different
ethnic origins. 3. International communication –
communicating between representatives from different
nations 4. Intracultural communication – interacting with
members of the same racial or ethnic group or co-culture.
Culture refers to the shared beliefs, values, customs,
behaviours, and artifacts that characterize a group or
society. It encompasses various aspects of human life,
including language, religion, customs, and traditions.
Culture is learned through socialization and is dynamic
and constantly evolving. Culture influences people's
behaviour, attitudes, and perceptions, and it shapes their
worldview and identity.
CHARACTERISITCS OF CULTURE
(Chase & Shamo, 2013, as cited in in Padilla, Dagdag,
Roxas, & Perez, 2016, p.21).
1. Cultures are learned, not innate.
2. Cultures are shared.
3. Cultures are multifaceted.
4. Cultures are dynamic.
5. Cultural identities are overlapping
GUIDELINESS ON DEVELOPING
INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE
Here are some suggestions on how you can become open
minded –devoid of any prejudices and biases
against people from another culture (Chase & Shamo,
2013; Singh & Rampersad, 2018, as cited in in Padilla,
Dagdag,
Roxas, & Perez, 2016 )
1. Widen your field of experience by making new
contacts.
2. Learn about history and the experiences and
aspirations of people from different cultures.
3. Examine yourself for possible stereotypes.
4. Look at the world from someone else’s way of looking
at and thinking about something, not just yours.
5. Work on becoming more self-confident.
6. Appreciate cultural similarities and differences.
7. Acknowledgment the essential quality and value of all
cultures.
8. Be sensitive and interpret cultural styles of
communication.
Globalization is the communication and assimilation
among individuals, ethnicities, races, institutions,
governments of various nations supported by technology
and compelled by international trade. Due to
globalization, the more you become exposed to diversity-
the valuing of the uniqueness or differences in gender
preferences, color, age, religious affiliation, ethnicity,
education, social and economic status and political
beliefs. It is not a new process or concept. Years before
the advent of technology, people had been purchasing
and selling each other properties, goods and other objects
of certain value. Globalization has affected us in
numerous ways, like:
1. Airfare has become cheaper and one can travel
internationally more than one could do in the past.
2. Many Filipinos have decided to work or live abroad,
with some of them migrating to other countries.
3. The free trade of goods and services all over the world
has brought multinational companies and foreign
investors.
4. One can communicate internationally in a matter of
seconds, whether sending an email, chatting in social
media, or sending a text message.
5. One can read about different cultures, and have access
to films, academic papers, and the like from other
countries around the world, and vice versa.
The Third Industrial Revolution 1969- Another century
passes and we bear witness to the Third Industrial
Revolution. In the second half of the 20th century, we
see the emergence of yet another source of untapped, at
the time, energy. Nuclear energy! The third revolution
brought forth the rise of electronics, telecommunications
and of course computers. Through the new technologies,
the third industrial revolution open the doors to space
expeditions, research, and biotechnology. In the world of
the industries, two major inventions, Programmable
Logic Controllers (PLCs) and Robots helped give rise to
an era of high-level automation.
Moreover, the following guidelines may help
communicators to become effective in communication
process across
cultures:
1. Recognize the validity and differences of
communication styles among people.
2. Learn to eliminate personal biases and prejudices.
3. Strive to acquire communicate skills necessary in a
multicultural world.
Achieving these factors to become an effective
multicultural communicator, this module covers the
cultural
and intercultural awareness and sensitivity in
communication of ideas. This focuses on the
What is Industrial Revolution?
Industrial revolution is defined as the changes in
manufacturing and transportation that began with fewer
things being made by hand but instead made using
machines in larger-scale factories. Throughout history,
people have always been dependent on technology. Of
course, the technology of each era might not have the
same shape and size as today, but for their time it was
certainly something for people to look at. People would
always use the technology they had available to help
make their lives easier and at the same time try to perfect
it and bring it to the next level. This is how the concept
of the industrial revolution began. Right now, we are
going through the fourth industrial revolution, aka
Industry 4.0. Here is a few information in the three
previous industrial revolutions, leading to today
Industry 4.0- For many people, Industry 4.0 is the fourth
Industrial Revolution, although there is a large portion of
people that still disagree. If we were to view Industry 4.0
as a revolution then we would have to admit that it is a
revolution happening right now. We are experiencing it
every day and its magnitude is yet unknown. Industry 4.0
started in the dawn of the third millennium with the one
thing that everyone uses every single day. The Internet.
We can see the transition from the first industrial
revolution that rooted for technological phenomenon all
the way to Industry 4.0 that develops virtual reality
worlds, allowing us to bend the laws of physics.
The 4 Industrial Revolutions shape the world.
Worldwide economies are based on them. There are
programmes and projects being implemented all around
the world, focusing on helping people take advantage of
the marvels of the fourth revolution during their
everyday lives.
The first Industrial Revolution 1765- The first industrial
revolution followed the proto-industrialization period. It
started at the end of the 18th century to the beginning of
the 19th. The biggest changes came in the industries in
the form of mechanization. Mechanization was the
reason why agriculture started to be replaced by the
industry as the backbone of the societal economy. At the
time people witnessed massive extraction of coal along
with the very important invention of the steam engine
that was the reason for the creation of a new type of
energy that later on helped speed up the manufacturing
of railroads thus accelerating the economy.
The Industrial Revolution was a time when the
manufacturing of goods moved from small shops and
homes to large factories. This shift brought about
changes in culture as people moved from rural areas to
big cities in order to work.
Communication has since been increasingly global,
blurring national boundaries. The ability to communicate
effectively in a global setting can be a challenge. Hence,
to effectively communicate in a global context, a general
understanding of the differences in conducting
communication from one country to another or from one
culture to another helps avoid miscommunication.
People’s background and experiences influence their
view of the world and the values, beliefs and behavior
patterns assumed to be good.
The second Industrial Revolution 1870- Following the
first Industrial Revolution, almost a century later we see
the world go through the second. It started at the end of
the 19th century, with massive technological
advancements in the field of industries that helped the
emergence of a new source of energy. Electricity, gas,
and oil. The result of this revolution was the creation of
the internal combustion engine that started to reach its
full potential. Other important points of the second
industrial revolution was the development for steel
demand, chemical synthesis and methods of
communication such as the telegraph and the telephone.
Finally, the inventions of the automobile, and the plane
in the beginning of the 20th century are the reason why,
to this day, the Second Industrial Revolution is
considered the most important one!
The following cultural barriers to effective
communication in a global environment:
1. Cultural relativism
2. Lack of knowledge of others’ culture
3. Discriminating and harassment
4. Language differences
The goal an of effective leading to harmonious
connections. Krizan (2014) suggests the following
strategies to become an effective
global communicator:
1. Review communication principles.
2. Analyze the message receiver.
3. Be open to an accepting of other cultures.
4. Learn about cultures and apply what is learned.
5. Consider language needs.
implications of globalization
on communication and on the cultural barriers to
effective communication in a global environment.