1

1 The diagram shows the apparatus used to separate the different components of a mixture by
chromatography.

chromatography paper

solvent front

spot baseline

solvent

Which statement about this experiment is correct?

A A locating agent is used to find the position of the solvent front.

B The components to be separated must be soluble in the solvent.
C The baseline on which the spot of the mixture is placed is drawn in ink.
D
The Rf value is calculated by

[1]

[Total: 1]
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2 The solution formed at the end of the reaction between strontium and water is alkaline. It is a solution
of strontium hydroxide.
The teacher titrated this solution with hydrochloric acid using the apparatus shown below.

hydrochloric acid

burette

25 cm3 strontium
hydroxide solution

3
What piece of apparatus should be used to put exactly 25.0 cm of the strontium hydroxide solution
into the flask?

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

3 A student used the apparatus shown below to calculate the concentration of barium hydroxide
solution.

hydrochloric acid

barium hydroxide solution

 3

(a) Give the name of the piece of apparatus labelled A.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) The hydrochloric acid is added to the barium hydroxide solution in the flask until the acid is in
excess.

Describe how the pH of the solution changes as the acid is added.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 3]

4 Geraniol is a chemical found in rose petals.

The structure of geraniol is shown below.

CH3 H CH3

C C CH2 CH2 C C CH2 OH

CH3 H

Geraniol can be extracted from rose petals by steam distillation using the apparatus shown below.
The geraniol is carried off in small droplets with the steam.

X
rose petals
and water

geraniol

heat water

(a) Give the name of the piece of apparatus labelled A.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]
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(b) The vapour at point X is a mixture of geraniol and steam.

Give one property of a mixture which distinguishes it from a compound.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) The geraniol and water are collected in the beaker.

What information in the diagram above shows that geraniol is less dense than water?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 3]

5 Describe how to separate the following. Give a description of the procedure used and explain why
this method works.

Nitrogen from a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen.

procedure..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

explanation................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]

6 Describe how to separate the following. Give a description of the procedure used and explain why
this method works.

Copper powder from a mixture containing copper and zinc powders.

procedure..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

explanation................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]
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7 Describe how to separate the following. Give a description of the procedure used and explain why
this method works.

Magnesium hydroxide from a mixture of magnesium hydroxide and zinc hydroxide.

procedure..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

explanation................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]

8 Describe how to separate the following. Give a description of the procedure used and explain why
this method works.

Glycine from a mixture of the two amino acids glycine and alanine. Glycine has the lower Rf value.

procedure..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

explanation................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]
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9 A student investigated the rate of reaction of zinc with dilute hydrochloric acid.

Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)

Complete the labelling of the apparatus by filling in the two boxes.

thermometer

dilute
hydrochloric acid
water bath
at 20 °C zinc

[2]

[Total: 2]

10 Balsam flowers contain a mixture of pigments.

A student uses chromatography to separate the pigments in balsam flowers. He puts the pigment
mixture on a sheet of chromatography paper as well as 5 spots of pure pigments A, B, C, D
and E.

The diagram below shows the results after chromatography.

pigments A B C D E
from balsam
flowers

Which of the pigments A, B, C, D and E are present in balsam flowers?

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
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[Total: 1]

11 Balsam flowers contain a mixture of pigments.

Describe how you could obtain a solution of this mixture of pigments from balsam flowers.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]

12 Linalool is a compound found in the seeds of the coriander plant.

The formula of linalool is shown below.

CH3 H H H CH3 H H

C C C C C C C

CH3 H H O H
H

Linalool can be extracted from coriander seeds.

The following statements are about the procedure for extracting linalool from coriander seeds.

A Distil the solution.

B Add a solvent to the ground up seeds.

C Grind the coriander seeds.

D Filter off the solid from the solution.

E Stir the mixture, then it leave for 24 hours.

(a) Put the statements A, B, C, D and E in the correct order.

The first one has been done for you.

[2]

(b) On what physical property does distillation depend?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 3]
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13 Copper(II) oxide is a solid.

An aqueous solution of copper(II) sulfate can be made by heating excess copper(II) oxide with
dilute sulfuric acid.

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus you would use to separate the excess copper(II) oxide
from the solution.

[2]

[Total: 2]

14 Glycolic acid is found in unripe grapes.

Grape skins contain a number of different coloured pigments.

Describe how you could obtain a solution of these pigments from grape skins.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]

15 Ethanol is an alcohol.

Name one physical property that can be used to determine if a sample of ethanol is pure or impure.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

16 The symbols of the elements of Period 3 of the Periodic Table are shown.

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar

Write the symbol of an element which forms an ion with a 2− charge.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
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[Total: 1]

17 The symbols of the elements of Period 3 of the Periodic Table are shown.

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar

Write the symbol of an element which forms an oxide with a macromolecular structure.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

18 The symbols of the elements of Period 3 of the Periodic Table are shown.

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar

Write the symbol of an element which does not form an oxide.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

19 When rubber is distilled, a chemical called isoprene is formed.

The structure of isoprene is shown below.

H H C H H

C C C C

H H H

Isoprene does not conduct electricity.

Explain why.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
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20 Sodium is in Group I of the Periodic Table.

Describe the structure of a sodium atom.

In your answer refer to,

- the type and number of each subatomic particle present,

- the charges on each type of subatomic particle,
- the position of each type of subatomic particle in the atom.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

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.................................................................................................................................................. [5]

[Total: 5]

21 Radioactive isotopes can be used as a source of energy.

An isotope of radium, Ra, has 226 nucleons in its nucleus.

How many neutrons does this isotope contain?

Use your Periodic Table.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

22 The structures of diamond and graphite are shown below.

diamond graphite
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(a) Explain how the structure of diamond relates to its use in cutting hard materials.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Explain how the structure of graphite relates to its use as a lubricant.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 4]

23 Radioactive isotopes can be used as a source of energy.

Give one use of radioactive isotopes in medicine.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

24 The structures of six gases are shown below.

A B C D E F

H H

C C Cl Cl N N O O Ar O C O

H H

Gas F is a compound.

Define the term compound.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

25 The structures of six substances are shown below.

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A B C

Ag Ag Ag Ag Fe Fe Fe Ni Na+ I– Na+ I–
Ag Ag Ag Fe Ni Fe Fe
I– Na+ I– Na+
Ag Ag Ag Ag Ni Fe Fe Fe
Na+ I– Na+ I–

D E F

F F N
F N Xe
O O Xe
F F O O
N Xe
F F F O O Xe Xe

(a) Substance A is an element.

What is meant by the term element ?

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Substance D oxidises water to oxygen.

Complete the symbol equation for this reaction.

2F2 + 2H2O → ..............HF + ................. [2]

[Total: 3]

26 is radioactive. It changes into an atom of a different element which has one more proton.

Identify this element.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

27 How many protons, neutrons and electrons are there in one copper(II) ion ?

number of protons ..........................

number of neutrons .........................

number of electrons ......................... [2]

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[Total: 2]

28 State two uses of radioactive isotopes.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

29 Two different atoms of sodium are and .

Explain why these two atoms are isotopes.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

30 represents an atom of scandium.

How many nucleons and how many charged particles are there in one atom of scandium?

number of nucleons .........................

number of charged particles .........................

[2]

[Total: 2]

31 Carbon and silicon are elements in Group IV. They both form oxides of the type XO2.

Silicon(IV) oxide, SiO2, has a macromolecular structure.

State three properties which silicon(IV) oxide and diamond have in common.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]
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32 Carbon and silicon are elements in Group IV. They both form oxides of the type XO2.

Explain why the physical properties of carbon dioxide are different from those of diamond and
silicon(IV) oxide.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

33 Carbon and silicon are elements in Group IV. They both form oxides of the type XO2.

Silicon(IV) oxide, SiO2, has a macromolecular structure.

Describe the structure of silicon(IV) oxide.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]
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34 The structures of five substances are shown below.

A B C

Na+ NO3– Na+ NO3–

N N N
H H NO3– Na+ NO3– Na+
H
Na+ NO3– Na+ NO3–

NO3– Na+ NO3– Na+

D E

I– K+ I– Cl – Na+ Cl –

K+ I– K+ Na+ Cl – Na+

I– K+ I– Cl – Na+ Cl –

Complete the following sentences about compounds A and E using words from the list below.

atoms gas giant ions liquid molecular polymer solid

Compound A is a .......................... at room temperature. It does not conduct electricity

because it has a simple .......................... structure. Compound E does not conduct

electricity when it is .......................... because its .......................... cannot move. [4]

[Total: 4]
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35 The table below shows the properties of some non-metallic elements, A, B, C and D.

state at room melting point electrical

element colour
temperature / °C conductivity

A solid black 3317 good

B solid grey 1410 poor

C gas green –101 does not conduct

D solid yellow 119 does not conduct

Which element is carbon in the form of graphite?

Give a reason for your answer.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]