TRADEPROJECT

TITLE:APROPOSEDCONSTRUCTIONOFDIRECTCOLDWATERSUPPL
YSYSTEM.

PRESENTER:MATTHEWMUlWA

INDEXNO:

DEPARTMENT:BUILDINGANDCIVILENGEENERING

COURSECODE:1305

CENTERCODE:50

PRESENTEDTO:THEKENYANATIONALEXAMINATIONCOUNCIL

INPARTIALFULFILMENTFORTHEAWARD

OFCERTIFICATEINPLUMBINGTECHNOLOGY

CENTER:TOPMAXTRAININGCOLLEGE

SUPERVISOR

SERIES:MARCH:2023

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DECLARATION
IdeclarethatthisprojectismyhandworkandthatithasneverbeenpresentedintheKenyanationalexamina
tioncounciloranyexaminationbody.

Nameofstudent…………………………………………………………

Sign……………………………………………………………

Date……………………………………………………….

Nameofsupervisor…………………………………………………….

Sign………………………………………………………..

Date………………………………………………………..

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DEDICATION
Idedicatethisworktomybelovedparentsandmybrothersandsisterswhohavebeensomuchcaringspons
oredmeintermoffinancialsupporttowardsthewritingofthisprojecttoitssuccess.

ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Iwouldliketothankthosewhogavemethenecessaryencouragementinwritingthisproject.Mybestgoest
omysupervisorMr.Collinsmarutuwithouthishelptheprojectcouldnothavebeenuptodate,lastlyIalsoth
ankmydearMomanddadforallthenecessaryfinancialsupporttheyhavegiventome.

Maygodblessthosementionedandthosenotmentioned.

ABSTRACT
Inadirectcoldwatersystemonlyaverticalpipeisused.thewastesfromallsanitaryandsoilappliancesared
ischargedinthesamepipe.thetrapofuse,sinkandbasinaredirectlyconnectedtothepipe

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Inthissystemthereisnoseparatepipeforventilationpurposesthanthatofatwopipesystem.thissystempr
oveseconomicalasonlyonepipeistobeprovided

Theeffectivenessofthissystemdependsentirelyonthedepthofthewatersealnowatersealshouldnotbele
ssthan75mmindepth.Allsanitaryapplianceinthefloorgroundshouldbeabove460forthemanholetoavo
idsplashbackofwaterwaterfromtheotherapplianceabovethem

Wetothestackwassweptentrytoreduceturbulentflow.Allwastepipeconnectionswassetat90decreasea
ndwithmaximumfallinwastepipeof5decreasethisgreatlyreducethepossibilityofselfsulphage.nowast
econnectionshouldbemadetothestackbetweenthecentrelineofourconnectionandbelow2000mmtopr
eventbackflowtheuseupthewastebranchesconnection

PROCEDUREOFHOWITISINSTALLED

Phaseone

WiththetapeandthechalkImeasuredandmarkedtheheightofthewalltotheroofandmarkedtheplacewhe
reIwilllaymypipesandotherapplianceslikekitchensink,Iwashhandandshower

Phasetwo

Estimatingthefittings

Fittingare100mmwastepipe,wastetee62mmand50mmflowtrapsbirdcagewasteelbow,bossconnecti
onandinspectionbend

Jointingmaterials

Solvent[tangit]silicon

Material/equipmentkitchensink,seatontoiletswashhandbasinandsaddleclips

Phasethree

DrillingholesalongthewallsusingamasonhammerandchiselwhereIwilllaythepipesbeforebyapplyin
gthePVCsolvent[tangit]onthebossconnectors.afterjointing.iclipthepipesonthewallusingthesaddlecl
ips

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ADVANTAGEOFSINGLESTACK

It’scheapneedsplastering.settingsthepipeslesspipeworkwhileinstalling

Itneedlessmaintenancebecausethewasteisdischargedfaster

Decoratingandpaintingiseasy

Itdoesnotoccupylargespace

HOWTHEPROJECTHASHELPEDTOSOLVEPROBLEMS

It’sajobopportunitytoskilledandunskilledyouths

Itreduceshealthproblemscausedbypoordisposalofwaste

OBJECTIVEOFTHEPROJECT

Enhancinggoodsanitation

Providingthebestservices

Reducingthehealthact[OSHA]

TableofContents
DECLARATION..........................................................................................................................................ii
DEDICATION............................................................................................................................................iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.............................................................................................................................iv
ABSTRACT................................................................................................................................................v
CHAPTERONE...........................................................................................................................................1
1.0INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................1

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1.1CHALLENGES.......................................................................................................................................1
1.2GENERALOBJECTIVES..........................................................................................................................1
1.3RESEARCHQUESTIONS........................................................................................................................1
1.4HYPOTHESIS........................................................................................................................................1
1.5CHOICEOFTHEMATERIAL....................................................................................................................2
CHAPTERTWO..........................................................................................................................................3
2.1LITERATUREREVIEW............................................................................................................................3
2.2CREATIONOFJOBOPPORTUNITIES.......................................................................................................3
CHAPTERTHREE.......................................................................................................................................4
3.0METHODOLOGY..................................................................................................................................4
3.1PROJECTPLANANDCOSTINGOFSINGLESTACKPROJECT........................................................................4
3.2MAINDESIGNREQUIREMENTFORTYPICAL...........................................................................................4
FRONTELEVATION....................................................................................................................................6
PLAN........................................................................................................................................................7
3.4COSTINGANDPRIZING.........................................................................................................................8
CHAPTERFOUR.......................................................................................................................................10
4.1DATAANALYSIS/PROJECTANALYSIS...................................................................................................10
4.2FINDINGS..........................................................................................................................................10
4.3CONCLUSION....................................................................................................................................10
4.4RECCOMENDATIONS........................................................................................................................10
4.5REFERENCE.......................................................................................................................................11

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 CHAPTERONE

1.0INTRODUCTION

thereisonlyonepipethattakesthedischargefrombothsoilandwasteapplianceswithnootherventpipeapa
rtfromthemainstack.thebeneficiaryoftheprojectwillbetheonemakingthegroundflowsufficientaccor
dingtothefactoryact

1.1CHALLENGES
Mostcommunitiesdon’thaveideasonhowsinglestackisimportant

theprojectisenvironmentallyandcostfriendlybuttheworkfaceschallengesuchasnopossibleroofpenetr
ation

1.2GENERALOBJECTIVES
Providingthebestservice

Ensuringthefluctuatingpressureinsanitaryappliancesiskeptconstant

Enhancinggoodsanitation

Reducingenvironmentalpollution

1.3RESEARCHQUESTIONS
whataresomeofsanitarypipeworkwhichisusedonabovegrounddrainage

howmanypeoplegetjobopportunitiesduetotheprojectofinstallingsinglestackwhichcanlevelcancreati
vityandinnovationgobeyondinordertoproducecheapandeasysanitarypipeworksystem

1.4HYPOTHESIS
Istoallowoneventstackandthusoneroofpenetrationispermittedbylocalbuildingact.

alargediametersingleverticaldischargestackthatconveybothsoilandwasteappliances

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1.5CHOICEOFTHEMATERIAL
Thematerialwerechosenbecauseof

Itsefficiencyofwastedischarge

Itisstronganddurable

Itsinternalsurfacesmoothness

Itisnon-reactivetothewaste

itisreadilyavailableinthemarket

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 CHAPTERTWO

2.1LITERATUREREVIEW
thiscomesfromtheavailablerelatedliteraturefrommagazinesnewspapersquestionnaireandjournalsac
cordingtomotivateplumbingorderandnationalvacationqualification[NVQ]authorsinglestacksystem
isatypeofsanitarypipethatdischargefrombothsoilandwasteapplianceswithnoapplianceventpipeothe
rthanthemainstack

2.2CREATIONOFJOBOPPORTUNITIES
accordingtocommissionsinglestacksystemsep[2023]applyingquickvariouscommissionsinglestack
systemjobopeningintopcompaniesexperienceswithminimumof3years

Itprovidesjobopportunitytosinglestackarchitecturedesignandbuilders

CHAPTERTHREE

3.0METHODOLOGY

3.1PROJECTPLANANDCOSTINGOFSINGLESTACKPROJECT
Projectplanarethosetypesofdocumentsthatcanandshouldbereviewedatanytime

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Bylawswheninstallingsinglestacksystem

Theupperpartofthestackactasvent

allappliancesmustbeindividuallyconnectedtothestackwithamaximumof200mmbranchesofbothsin
kshowerbasinandwatercloset

Alltrapstowasteappliancesshouldbe75mmdeepthiswillhelptoreducessulphonage

Allthewastepipeconnectionshouldsetas90withmaximumfallinwasteat45

theconnectiontothestackshouldbesweptentrytoreduceturbulentflowdownthestack

theappliancestothegroundshouldbe460mmtothedrainagechambertothemanholetoavoidsplashbackf
romthesanitaryappliancesabovethem

3.2MAINDESIGNREQUIREMENTFORTYPICAL
Arrangementsforlargehouse

theupperpartofthestackactasmainevent,thismustterminateaboveandbeyondthehighestwindowopen
ingandcappedwithsuitablecage

allappliancemustconnecttothestarchseparatelywithmaximumbranchesofbasin,shower,2.3mbasinbi
ded1.7m,watercluset1.5m

allwasteconnections=bossestothestackshouldbe90%withmaximumfallinwastebranchpipeof45this
greatlyreducesthepossibilityofself–siphonage

Alltraptotheappliancesshouldbe75mmdeepsealtypethisreducesself–silphonage

useconnectiontothestackshouldbesweptentrytoreduceturbulentflowdownthestackandthepossibility
ofinducedsilphonageaslowertrap

nowasteapplianceshouldbemadetothestackbetweenthecenterlineofuseconnectionand20mmbelowit

Accesscovershouldbeprovidedatasallnearmulti-
branchconnection.Thismustbeaminimumdistancethelowestconnectiontothestackandtheinvertlevel
ofthedraintoreducelossoftrapsealduetocompression

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thefootofthestackshouldconnecttothedrainthroughalongradiusventbendof150mmminimumtopreve
ntturbulenceandcompression

FRONTELEVATION

PLAN

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3.4COSTINGANDPRIZING
Item Description Unit Quantity Rate Amount
1 Wastepipe 100mm 3pcs 1200 3600
2 Wastepipe 62mm 5pcs 560 2800
3 Wastepipe 52mm 4pcs 370 1480
4 WasteUPVC 150mm 1pc 3600 3600
5 Wastereducingsocket 100mm 1pc 450 450

FITTINGS
6 Flowtrapcape 4ways 8pcs 350 2800
7 Wastepipecage 100mm 1pc 180 180
8 Wasteelbow 63mm 9pcs 100 900
9 Bossconnection 50mm 3pcs 100 300

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10 Bossconnection 62mm 13pcs 140 1820
11 Tees[waste] 62mm 1pc 140 140
12 Inspectionbend 100mm 1pc 270 270

JOINTINGMATERIAL
13 Tangit 500ml 2pcs 800 1600
14 Silicon 500g 3pcs 300 900
14 Bosswhite 250g 1pc 120 120
16 Hemp/treadtape 3pcs 100 300

MATERIAL/EQUIPMENT
17 Kitchensink Dual 1pc 7000 7000
18 Seatonvirtuouschinatoilet 2pcs 11500 23000
19 Instantaneousshowerhead Electric 3pcs 200 6000
20 Showerrod 3pcs 200 600
21 Washhandbasinwithitstand 3pcs 1000 3000
22 Saddleclips 100mm 8pcs 50 400

Total 61260

Labour=30%ofthetotalcostmaterial

61260x30

100=18378

Unskilledwillbethe20%ofthetotallabour

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61260x20

100=12252

Skilledlabour

61260x50

100=30,630

CHAPTERFOUR

4.1DATAANALYSIS/PROJECTANALYSIS
Thesinglestacksystemisapplicableinlargebuildingandhousestoenhanceagoodfriendlyenvironment

4.2FINDINGS
Singlestackcanleadtoatypicalarrangementofpipeinabuilding.itcreatejobopportunitiesandincomest
opartiesinvolved

4.3CONCLUSION
singlestacksystemisamongplumbingaccurate.itissourceofemploymentandcreationofjob,mostpeopl
ewhoareengagedinbuildingareadvisedtogoaboutthewayofsinglestacksystem

4.4RECCOMENDATIONS
thesocietycanbecivilizedontheneedofsinglestacksysteminourtodaysbuildingindustry.particularlysi
nglestacksystemisassociatedbymanydesignproject.Thegovernmentshouldensurethatskillsaretaugh
ttoyouthinschoolsaboutsinglesstackabovegrounddrainagesystem

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4.5REFERENCE

NVQplumbing

Motivateplumbing

Buildingdraining

Plumbingdraining

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