8

SCIENCE 8
Quarter 3 – Module 2:
ATOMS and Molecules
Science — Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 — Module 2: Atoms and Molecules
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary:
Undersecretary:

Development team of the module

Author: Susan S. Balighot
Editors:
Reviewers: Nilda U. Villegas, EPS-Science
Florida D. Arias, Ph.D.- PSDS
Melinda M. Garabato, PhD
Dalia Maputol
Illustrator: Jay Michael M. Calipusan
Layout Artist:
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Schools Division Superintendent
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Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Pablito B. Altubar,
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Members: Nilda U. Villegas , EPS-Science
Himaya B. Sinatao, LRMS Manager
Jay Michael A. Calipusan, PDO II
Mercy M. Caharian, Librarian II

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 8
SCIENCE 8
Quarter 3 – Module 2:
Atoms and Molecules
This page is intentionally blank
 Table of Contents
What This Module is About...........................................................................................i
What I Need to Know....................................................................................................i
How to Learn from this Module.....................................................................................i
Icons of this Module......................................................................................................ii
What I Know ................................................................................................................iii

Lesson -1 Physical Changes in Terms of the Arrangement and Motion of Atoms 1

What I Need to Know………………………………………………1

What’s New Activity 1– Give Me Space ……………………………….2

Activity 2 – What is matter made of ……………..................2

What Is It: Pure Substance ………………………………................................... 3

What I Have Learned: Activity 3– Try Again …………………………………. 4

What I Can I Do: Activity 4– This is it! ……………………………………….. 4

Lesson 2: Physical Changes in Terms of the Arrangement
and Motion of Molecules ……………………………………………………. 5
What I Need to Know…………………………………………………………… 5

What’s New: Activity 1– What Matter Made of …………………….…........ 5

What Is It: Molecules are composed of atoms ………………………............... 6

What I Have Learned: Activity 5 – Answer Me………………………. ......... 7

What I Can Do: Activity 6 – Collage Making ........................................... 8

Summary .................................................................................................................. 9

Assessment: (Post-Test) .......................................................................................... 10

Key to Answers ........................................................................................................ 12
References ............................................................................................................... 14
What This Module is About
Throughout our lives, and in everything we do, we seek order into the ever-
changing world we live in. Matter is product of atoms and molecules. Atoms are basic
building blocks of matter. They are useful and interesting by themselves. The become even
more useful and more interesting when they combine to form molecules. Why does
the chalk cling to blackboard when used in writing? There must be a force of attraction
that exist between the particles of chalk and the particles of a blackboard. The smith
shapes a chunk of glowing iron by pound it on anvil. Once shaping the iron, the smith could
plunge it into a bath of cold water.

Matter can exist in three phases: Solid, liquid and gas. There is a different
arrangement of atom in these phases which enable us distinguish a one kind from another.

In this module, you will learn about the physical change regarding arrangement
and motion of atoms and molecules.

What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1.explain physical changes in terms of the arrangement and motion of atoms

and molecules. (S8MT – IIIc-d-9)

How to Learn from this Module

To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:

1. Take your time reading the lessons carefully.

2. Take the pretest to determine how much you know about the content of this module.
3. Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
4. Answer all the given tests and exercises.
5. Be honest in taking the test so you may know how much knowledge you already
have.
6. Perform all the activities, as these will help you have a better understanding of the
topic.
7. Take the self-tests at the end of each lesson.
8. Finally, take the post-test at the end of the module.
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Icons of this Module

What I Need This part contains learning objectives that

to Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented
to you.

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and
understanding of the concept.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you have

Learned learned from the lesson

What I can These are tasks that are designed to

do showcase your skills and knowledge gained,
and applied into real-life concerns and
situations.

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 What I Know (Pre-Test)

Instructions: Read and answer the questions below. Write the letter of the correct
answer in your paper.

1. Which of the following does NOT prove that the molecules of a material are always
moving?
A. Aroma of boiling coffee B. Evaporation of water
C. Soil particles carried by the water D. Sweetness of sugar
2. Which of the following is a mixture?
A. Distilled water B. Fruit sugar C. Soy sauce D. Table salt
3. Why could you hardly break a stone even if much force is applied to it?
A. are negligible B. compactly arranged with one another
C. loosely bound together D. very far from one another
4. When a drop of ink was put into a glass of water, its tendency is to spread
out. This is because the atoms of ink __________________.
A. are not moving B. are compact and rigid
C. are in random motion D. have distinct characteristics
5. What is formed if you mix water and soy sauce?
A. a 1-phase system B. a 2-phase system
C. a heterogeneous system D. a compound
6. Which of the following is a substance?
A. Copper B. Padlock C. Pin D. Solder
7. How does a mixture different from a substance?
A. In mixture it keeps its characteristics B. Mixtures are found in nature
C. Mixtures have 2 or more components D. Solids, liquids and gases can form
mixture
8.The only mixture that looks like only one chemical composition in physical appearance.
A. Colloid B. Compound C. Solution D. Suspension
9. Which of the following has one kind of atom?
A. Carbon dioxide B. Gold C. Iron oxide D. Water
10. Which of the following is a substance?
A. Copper B. Key C. Padlock D. Solder

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nLesso
Lesson
n Physical Changes in Terms of the Arrangement and

1 Motion of Atoms

What I Need to Know

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:
1. explain the arrangement and motion of atoms.

What’s New

Activity 1: Give me space

Objective:
After doing this activity, you should be able to:
1. show and describe the spaces between atoms.
Materials:
• Sand
• Marbles / Plastic beads
• transparent glass
• water
• medicine dropper
Procedure:

1. Fill a glass with marbles or plastic beads until you cannot add more. Then
pour grains of sand into the same container.

2. Next, fill another glass with as much water as it can hold. Use a medicine
dropper to add the last few drops. Then gently drop few grains of sand into
the water.

3. Shake the mixture. Observe again what happens.

Q1. Why can the glass container accommodate the sand when it cannot
accommodate more marbles?
____________________________________________________________

Q2. Does the water spill? Why?

____________________________________________________________

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 Q3. What happens when you pour slowly the sand into the glass of water?
Explain.

___________________________________________________________________

Activity 2: What is Matter made of?

Objective:

After this activity, you should be able to:

1. describe the arrangement of atoms in liquids.

Materials:

a glass of water, medicine dropper,

food coloring or ink

Procedure

1. Place a drop of ink or food coloring into the glass of water.

2. Do not disturb the glass of water. Observe what happens to the color of the
water.
3. While the particles of ink or food coloring are in motion, record the time consumed.
4. Note the time taken to travel the particles of the ink or food coloring.

Table 1. Relationship between motion and time

Time (t) seconds Observations

Questions:

Q1. What do you observe? __________________________________________________

Q2. Describe how the color spreads in the water. _________________________________

Q3. Why does the water change its color? _______________________________________

Q4. Did the color spread faster in the water? _____________________________________

Q5. What property will explain based on what you have observed? ___________________

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 What Is It

Pure Substance
Matter are often classified into pure substance and mixtures. Substance are often a
component or compound. Matter endure either physical or chemical change. Physical
change occurs when a substance changes its appearance without changing its composition.
Phase change is the process of changing from one physical state to another. While chemical
change occurs when a substance is transformed into another substance.
Substance is a homogeneous material consisting one particular kind of matter.
Homogeneous mixture is a substance that exist in one phase of matter. Mixture is
composed of two or additional pure substance. It is a material consisting two or more kinds
of matter each of which retains its own characteristic. Mixture can be homogeneous mixture
having uniform in appearance or heterogeneous having non- uniform in appearance.

An atom is that the smallest particle of a component that has all the properties of
the element. Atom of the most elements have the ability to combine with other atoms.
Different elements have different properties because the combining atoms are different and
the way the atoms are joined together are different. Atom is made even smaller
particles.

Solid Liquid Gas

Figure 3. Particles of Solid, Liquid, and Gas

Molecules of solids are compact. They have small spaces between them. This
prevents from moving freely. They vibrate in fixed position. Solids have definite shape and
volume because the particles are closely packed. They vibrate a little but in fixed positions.
The particles cannot move around. The particles of solid held together by strong force. The
volume of solid is definite
In liquids, molecules move slowly and are closer together. Liquids have an exact
volume and however assume the form of the container. Their molecules have farther
spaces. The attraction between particles is stronger than those of gases. The particles move
and change position.
Gas has no definite shape and volume. It spreads to fill up whatever space is
available. Gas particles move very fast and are very far from each other.

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 What I Have Learned

Activity 3: Try Again!

Instructions: Below are different materials. Identify whether it is a substance or a
mixture. Put a check in the appropriate column.
Chemical System Substance Mixture
1.Salt solution
2.Brown sugar
3.alcohol
4.Tawas
5.Milo in hot water
6.Salt
7.water
8.Iron
9.Softdrink
10.Charcoal

Q1. When can you say that a chemical system is a substance or a mixture?

What I Can do

Activity 4: THIS IS IT!

1.Cut – out pictures of different objects like drinks, balloons, medicines,

lotions, beauty products from old magazines. Identify which are mixtures

and substance. Cite importance of mixture in your daily life.

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 Lesson
nLesso
n Physical Changes in Terms of the

2 Arrangement and motion of Molecules

1 What I Need to Know

Objectives:

At the end of lesson, you are expected to:

1. explain physical change in terms of the arrangement and motion of

molecules.

What’s New

Activity 1: What is Matter made of?

Objective:
After performing the activity, you should be able to:

1. explain how these observed situations or events give evidence that matter is
made up of tiny particles.
Materials:
clean tap water
Transparent glass
Spoon
10 ml alcohol / 10 tablespoons of alcohol
50 ml water / 1 cup of water
Procedure:
1.Use a clean transparent glass, pour alcohol up to 20 ml (10 table spoon).
2.Measure 50 ml of water.
3.Add the 50 ml water to the alcohol and mix through. Observe the resulting solution.
(Caution: Do not taste the solution)

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Q1. What is the appearance of the resulting mixture?

Q2. Think about the alcohol and water as made of tiny particles. Give your reasons for the
observations you made in Q1.

Q3. What is the volume of alcohol and water mixture? ______________________________

Q4. Is there a change of volume after mixing these two liquids? _____________________

What Is It

Molecules are composed of Atoms

The existence of matter in a solid, liquid, or gaseous phase enables us to infer the
structure of matter. Scientists theorized that molecules are further composed of particles,
even smaller called atoms. In 1805, John Dalton an English scientist, proposed the atomic
theory of matter. This theory states that all matter consists of very tiny particles, the atoms.
In some cases, a molecule is made up of only one atom. An example of this is a molecule of
water composed of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen (H 2O.)

The molecules are constantly moving. Molecules of liquids and gases spread from
where there are more molecules to places where there are few molecules. This process is
known as diffusion.

Matter can be classified as mixture, which can be broken down by physical means,
or a pure substance, which cannot be broken down physically into simpler substance. There
is some mixture specially solution which are substance-like because it appears to have one
chemical composition only like seawater and vinegar.

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 What I Have Learned

Activity 2: Answer Me
Objective:
To be able to identify substance and mixture.
Instructions: Identify the given chemical system as substance or mixture. Write
your answer on the space provided. Number one has been done for
you.

Chemical System Substance or Mixture

1.sugar Substance
2.ice cream
3.paper
4.alcohol
5.salt
6.rice grain
7.bottled water
8.Peanut butter
9.halo-halo
10.vinegar

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 What I Can do

ACTIVITY 3: Collage Making

Instructions: Make an atom collage showing the arrangement of atoms and molecules.
You can use recycle materials available at home. (cardbooard, colored
paper, plastic wrappers), or any other materials.

Rubric for Collage Making

criteria 10 points 7 points 5 points 3 points

Exceptionally Only few areas of Minimal creativity or Minimal creativity
degree of student the collage reflect collage is a or collage is a
creativity is the student recreation of a recreation of a pre-
creativity displayed in creativity existing image existing image
flexibility of thought
and originality
The organization of The organization of The organization of The collage does
the collage the collage the collage not unify and
synthesizes synthesizes all but synthesizes all but appears disjointed
organization independent parts a couple areas into a few areas into a
into a singular work a singular work of singular areas into
of art that unifies art that unifies and singular work of art
and balances. balances that unifies and
balances.
Collage is Collage is well Collage is well Haphazard
seamlessly assembled with assembled with
Craftsmanship
assembled and only few pieces that only several pieces
craftsmanship completely covered. are not well cut that are not well
Pieces are out or glued down. cut out or glued
precisely cut and down
well glued down.
Much time and Student could have Class time was not Time was not used
effort went into the put in more time always used wisely, wisely.
planning and and effort at but student did do
Student put in no
Time and Effort designing of the home. some
additional effort
collage.It is clear
Addition at home.
the student worked
at home.

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Summary

➢ Matter has mas and it occupies space.

➢ Matter can be classified into solids, liquids, and gases.
➢ Solids are substance with a definite volume, but the assume the shape of the
container. Gases are substance with neither a definite volume nor a definite shape.
➢ Matter is composed of particles called molecules.
➢ Molecules in solids are arranged farther apart.
➢ The molecules in liquids are arranged farther apart than in solid.
➢ The molecules in gasses are arranged still farther apart than in liquids
➢ Molecules are composed of smaller parts called atoms.
➢ Spaces exist between molecules.
➢ Molecules are in constant motion.
➢ Molecules in gases move fast.
➢ In liquids they move slower, and in solid, it moves slowest.
➢ Evaporation is the process by which liquid change to gas.
➢ Condensation is the process in which a gas is change to liquid.
➢ Melting the process in which a solid will change to liquid.
➢ Freezing is the process in which a liquid will change to solid.
➢ Mixture has no definite properties
➢ Substance is a homogeneous material consisting of one particular kind of matter.
➢ Homogeneous mixture when it has uniform composition.
➢ Heterogeneous mixture when its components and properties are not distributed
evenly.
➢ Chemical Change when substance change its appearance, occurs when it
transforms into another substance having different set of properties.
➢ Physical change when substance changes its appearance.

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 Assessment (Post-Test)

Instructions: Read and answer the questions below. Write the letter of the correct
answer in your paper.

1. When you were able to observe the sweet smell of ripe fruit from the dining table, you
are aware that a process had occurred. What do you call this natural process?

A. Absorption B. Assimilation C. Diffusion D. Digestion

2. Molecules constantly move from one place to place. In which of the following is the
movement of the molecules fastest? The molecules of_______________________.

A. a gas in another gas B. a liquid in another liquid

C. a solid in a liquid D. a solid in another solid

3. A mixture that has the same appearance and composition throughout?

A. Colloidal B. Heterogeneous C. Homogenous D. Tonic

4. At the right is a diagram of a molecule of water as seen under the electron

microscope. What makes up a molecule of water?

A. An atom of hydrogen and three atoms oxygen.

B. An atom of oxygen and two atoms of hydrogen.
H O H
C. An atom of hydrogen and three atoms oxygen.
D. Three atoms of hydrogen and two atoms of oxygen.
molecule of water
5. Which of the following is an example of a heterogeneous mixture?

A. Halo - halo B. Metal alloy C. Sea water D. Vinegar

6.Which of the following shows physical change?

A. Boiling an egg B. Boiling of water
B. Burning of wood D. Digesting of food

7. Mixing 20 grams of sugar and 50 mL of water results a volume of less than

70 mL. What explains this result?
A. Sugar dissolves in water.
B. There is an error measuring the amount of sugar and water.
C. Water has tiny particles with spaces between them, allowing
sugar particles to fit in.
D. Water has close particles with no spaces between them, sugar
particles cannot fit in.

8. In the three phases of matter, which has the strongest force of attraction?

A. Freezing B. Gas C. Liquid D. Solid

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9. When liquid turns into solid, which of the following physical change occurs?

A. Condensation B. Deposition C. Freezing D. Sublimation

10. Which of the following is not a mixture?

A. Mayonnaise B. Shampoo C. Softdrink D. Tawas

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