Understanding

Culture, Society
and Politics
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Cultural, Social, Political and
Economic Symbols and Practices
Understanding Culture, Society and Politics – Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 4: Cultural, Social, Political and Economic Symbols and
Practices
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Nicolas T. Capulong, PhD, CESO V
Ronilo AJ K. Firmo, PhD, CESO V
Librada M. Rubio, PhD

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Ricky M. Mempin
Editors: Edgene L. Castillo
Ann Christian A. Francisco
Reviewers: Angelica M. Burayag, PhD
Nelie D. Sacman, PhD
Christian C. Linsangan
Illustrator: Cristoni A. Macaraeg
Layout Artist: Agnes P. Baluyot
Management Team:
Nicolas T. Capulong, PhD, CESO V
Librada M. Rubio, PhD
Angelica M. Burayag, PhD
Ma. Editha R. Caparas, PhD
Nestor P. Nuesca, EdD
Ramil G. Ilustre, PhD.
Larry B. Espiritu, PhD
Rodolfo A. Dizon, PhD
Nelie D. Sacman, PhD

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 Understanding
Culture, Society
and Politics
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Cultural, Social, Political and
Economic Symbols and Practices
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Understanding Culture, Society and Politics/ Grade 12

Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on cultural, social, political and
economic symbols and practices!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator
in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this
also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking
into consideration their needs and circumstances.

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learners:

This module will let you know about the significance of cultural, social, political
and economic symbols and practices. It will help you understand and analyze
the significance of cultural, social, political and economic symbols and practices.
This module is designed to provide fun and meaningful opportunities for guided
and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

ii
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.
This part includes an activity that aims to
What I Know check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you
What’s In link the current lesson with the previous
one.
In this portion, the new lesson will be
What’s New introduced to you in various ways such as
a story, a song, a poem, a problem opener,
an activity or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of
What is It the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.
This comprises activities for independent
What’s More practice to solidify your understanding
and skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.
What I Have This includes questions or blank
Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
process what you learned from the lesson.
This section provides an activity which will
What I Can Do help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.
This is a task which aims to evaluate your
Assessment level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
In this portion, another activity will be
Additional Activities given to you to enrich your knowledge or
skill of the lesson learned. This also tends
retention of learned concepts.
This contains answers to all activities in
Answer Key the module.

iii
At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Do not forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with
it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

iv
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you analyze the significance of cultural, social, political and economic symbols
and practices.

This module is composed of one lesson:

 Lesson 1: Looking Back at Human Bio-cultural and Social Evolution

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. trace the biological and cultural evolution of early modern humans;

2. describe the sociocultural advancements that happened during
hominization;
3. analyze key feature of interrelationships of bio-cultural, cultural and
socio-political processes in human evolution that can still be used
and developed; and
4. explore the significance of human material remains and artefactual
evidence in interpreting cultural and social, including political and
economic processes.

What I Know

MATCHING TYPE. Match the terms in column A with their meanings found in
Column B. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Answer COLUMN A COLUMN B

1. It is the natural process of biological
change occurring in a population a. Civilization
across successive generations.
2. This species is also known as the b. Evolution
“Handy Man”.
3. It refers to a relatively high level of c. Hominization
cultural and technological development
of human beings. d. homo erectus

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4. This species is also known as e. homo florensiensis
the“Upright Man”.
5. It refers to the cultural period of f. homo habilis
flaked and polished stone
implements. g. homo heidelbergensis
6. It is the evolutionary of human
characteristics that differentiate h. homo sapien
homonids.
7. It is the first of early human species i. Homo sapiens sapiens
to live in colder climates.
j. neanthertalensis
8. It is the species name that means
“wise man”.
k. Neolithic age
9. It refers to the cultural period of
simple pebble stone.
l. iron age
10. It is a subspecies known as Cro
Magnon.
m. paleolithic
11.This is species that has a nicknamed
“Hobbit”. n. pastoral society
12..It refers to the cultural period mass
production of steel tools and o. post industrial
weapons.
13.It was organized along male-centered
kinship group.
14.It is characterized by the spread of
computer industries.
15.It is subspecies with short yet stocky
in body builds adapted to winter
climates especially in icy cold places
in Europe and Asia.

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Lesson
Looking Back at Human Bio-
1 cultural and Social Evolution

It is a common understanding that change is the only permanent thing in

the world. Every living thing is dynamic and, as such undergoes transformation.
Likewise, man as the most important component of society, goes through
evolutionary changes that help him adapt to his environment.

What’s In

Before we proceed, let us go back with some of the important concepts

about viewing other cultures. Let us refresh our mind by answering the table.

COMPLETE THE TABLE. Find the words from the box that fit the descriptions
given. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Amalgation Real Culture Cultural Relativism

Acculturation Cultural Diversity Ethnocentrism

1. It refers to belief that one’s native culture

is superior to or the most natural among
other cultures.
2.
This refers to the different cultures in the
globalized worldview all lumped together
paving the way for redefining Filipino
cultural identity.
3.
It includes the values and norms that are
actually followed by a culture.
4. It is the process of change in artefacts,
customs, and beliefs that result from the
contact of two or more cultures.
5.
Immerse oneself in another culture in
order to appreciate it fully.

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 Notes to the Teacher
This Alternative Delivery Mode has been developed to help
you facilitate the learners to understand the significance of
cultural, social, political and economic symbols and practices.

What’s New

Pandemic Alert!

A Brief History of Human Coronaviruses

On January 9 of this year, Chinese state media reported that a team of

researchers led by Xu Jianguo had identified the pathogen behind a mysterious
outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan as a novel coronavirus. Although the virus
was soon after named 2019-nCoV, and then renamed SARS-CoV-2, it remains
commonly known simply as the coronavirus. While that moniker has been
catapulted into the stratosphere of public attention, it’s somewhat misleading:
Not only is it one of many coronaviruses out there, but you’ve almost certainly
been infected with members of the family long before SARS-CoV-2’s emergence
in late 2019.

Coronaviruses take their name from the distinctive spikes with rounded
tips that decorate their surface, which reminded virologists of the appearance of
the sun’s atmosphere, known as its corona. Various coronaviruses infect
numerous species, but the first human coronaviruses weren’t discovered until
the mid-1960s. “That was sort of the golden days, if you will, of virology,
because at that time the technology became available to grow viruses in the
laboratory, and to study viruses in the laboratory,” says University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center pediatrician Jeffrey Kahn, who studies respiratory
viruses. But the two coronaviruses that were identified at the time, OC43 and
229E, didn’t elicit much research interest, says Kahn, who wrote a review on
coronaviruses a few years after the SARS outbreak of 2003. “I don't believe there
was a big effort to make vaccines against these because these were thought to
be more of a nuisance than anything else.”

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 The viruses cause typical cold symptoms such as a sore throat, cough,
and stuffy nose, and they seemed to be very common; one early study estimated
that 3 percent of respiratory illnesses in a children’s home in Georgia over seven
years in the 1960s had been caused by OC43, and a 1986 study of children and
adults in northern Italy found that it was rare to come across a subject who did
not have antibodies to that virus (an indicator of past infection).

Coronaviruses’ mild-mannered reputation changed with the SARS

outbreak. Although related to OC43 and 229E, SARS-CoV was far deadlier,
killing about 10 percent of people it infected—a total of 774 worldwide,
according to the United Kingdom’s National Health Service. While it’s still
unclear exactly where SARS-CoV came from, similar viruses were later found
in bats, and some studies suggested the virus could have jumped to humans via
an intermediary such as civets.

A new virus called the severe acute respiratory syndrome

coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified as the cause of a disease
outbreak that began in China in 2019. The disease is called coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19).

In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO)

declared COVID-19 a pandemic. Public health groups, including the U.S.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and WHO, are
monitoring the pandemic and posting updates on their websites. These
groups have also issued recommendations for preventing the spread of

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 What is It

Looking Back at Human Bio-cultural and Social Evolution

Evolution is a natural process of biological changes occurring in a

population across successive generations. It helps us identify and analyze man’s
physiological development which is important in his subsistence.

In both anthropology and sociology, it is significant to study evolution.

Everything that people have at parent is a product of millions of year’s drastic
changes in earth. These changes have significantly taken their toll on all living
creatures. Their impact is manifested in the form of adaptation, since failure to
evolve means extinction. Culture and society exist because of evolution.

Figure retrieved from: https://www.britannica.com/science/human-evolution

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Australopithecus

The fossil which assumes to be the intermediate between Man and Ape
was discovered in Pleistocene cave deposited of South Africa in 1924 by Dart.
Australopithecus has been divided into four species based on the thin teeth, jaw
and brain size. They are:

a. Australopithecus Aferensis

It has a brain size a little larger than chimpanzees. Size is about 400 to
500 cc. Chinless lower jaw, flat nose, ape like face with a sloping forehead and
they lived between 3 and 3.9 million years ago.

b. Australopithecus Africanus

This was quite similar to Australopithecus aferensis. Brain size was

ranging up to 500 cc. The shape of the jaw was like human and size of the
chewing teeth remained large. They lived between 2 and 3 million years ago.

c. Australopithecus Robustus

Its brain size was up to 525 cc. Large face, was flat and with no forehead.
Size of jaw and chewing teeth were large. They lived between 1.5 and 2 million
years ago.

d. Australopithecus Boisei

They were quite similar to Robustus. Brain size was up to 525 cc. Size of
jaw and chewing teeth were large. They lived 1.1 and 2.1 million years ago.

Homonization

For humans, history started at homonization the evolutionary of human

characteristics that differentiate homonids (organisms belonging in the Homo
genus) distinct from their primate ancestors.

Homonids

Homonids differ from their predecessor, the australopithecines, in the

series that they were the first to use stone tools for survival. Both generally
are known to be bipedal, but beings in the genus Homo have expanded
brains, enlarged bodies, less sexual dimorphism, narrower limb proportions,
reduce size of cheek, teeth and crania.

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Homo Rudolfensis

The first homonid discovered by anthropologists Richard Leakey and

Meave Leakey in Kenya in 1972. However, some scholars believe that this
species should be classified under the genus Australopithecus, since its molar
and premolar teeth resemble those of its predecessor, although its brain is
similar to those of the other homonids.

Homo Habilis

It is to the homo habilis nonetheless that people owe their first relics of
tools. Tool using is not confined to humans, but scholars said that this species
has shown remarkable efficiency in a creative matter.

The species name means “Handy man” because the ability to make and
use tools.

This species is recognized to the first true human. Lived about 1.4 to 2.4
million years ago scavenging for food.

Homo Erectus

Remains of the most famous of all fossils so called Java, “ape-man”,

erectus were discovered near Trinil, Java by the Dutch physician Eugene
Dubois (1891).

The fossil collection includes a skull cap, a thigh bone and two molar
teeth. Cranial capacity was 900-1000 cc. The cranium was low especially in the
frontal regions, and the bony brow ridges above the eyes were comparatively
heavy.

Probably they even knew how to use fire and small tool of wood and stone
but there is no evidence that they used fire.

The species name means “Upright man” with body proportion similar to
that of modern humans.

Peking Man - Brain Capacity was 850 to 1200 cc. Thick cranial walls, low
receding forehead, low cranial dome, Mandible chinless with massive canine
teeth. Peking man is supposed to be the variant of Java man. This man was the
first to use fire for cooking.

Homo Floresiensis

Species nicknamed “Hobbit” due to their small stature with a height of

more or less 3 feet and lived 95,000 to 17,000 years ago in the islands of Flores,
Indonesia.

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Homo Heidelbergensis

Large heavy jaw like ape, with a combination of teeth, of moderate size.
The chin slopes away, teeth continuous in series. Heidelberg man moved freely
in Europe during the first half of Pleistocene. The cranial capacity was believed
to be about 1300 cc.

They were the first of early human species to live in colder climates, first
to hunt large animals on routine basis using spears and first to construction
human shelter.

Homo Sapiens

The species to which all modern human beings belong. Homo sapiens is
one of several species grouped into the genus Homo, but it is the only one that
is not extinct.

The species name means “wise man” that appeared from 200,000 years
old.

Homo Neanderthalensis

Neanderthals or the beings under the specie Homo Neanderthalensis,

were similar to Homo erectus, who walked.

Subspecies with short yet stocky in body builds adapted to winter

climates especially in icy cold places in Europe and Asia.

This man was short heavily built. Eyebrows were heavily overhanging.
Shoulders stooped, head was thrust forward, and face large, upper jaw
projected forward cranium forward cranium low. Thigh bones curved, knees
were bent slightly.

The first to practice burial of their dead, hunting and gathering food and
sewing clothes from animal skin using bone needles.

Homo Sapiens Sapiens

Subspecies known as Cro-Magnon characterized to be anatomically

modern humans and lived in the last Ice Age of Europe from 10,000 to 40,000
years ago.

First fossil found in the Cro-Magnon valley of France. Brain capacity of

about 1600 cc. Large, narrow skull with broad face. Jaws were thick and had
hominoid teeth. They had erect posture and express their feelings by drawings
and making sculptures in cave.

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Paleontological Evidences

The four prime important factors in determining the evolutionary trend of

man from ape-like primate are:

1. The growth and elaboration of the brain

2. The perfection of the erect posture
3. A slowing down of post-natal development
4. The growth in human population

Early Humans and Their Culture

Humans are cultural beings. The physical as well as the mental

development of early human beings helped them understand and adapt to their
existing environment. Thus, their adjustment served as the onset of their
culture. Culture enables the members of society to develop way of coping with
the exigencies of nature as well as ways of harnessing their environment. The
changes made by man through his interaction with the environment establish
the different cultural evolution which determines man’s sociocultural
development.

Humanization

Humanization is the long process of improving the humans’ everyday

living through innovation, discovery, enhancing routines and creating
mechanism with the intention of harmonizing and harnessing the fullest
potentials of their fellow human beings.

To understand the cultural development of human, one must examine

the materials and technological advancement that took place in different periods
of human history. In term used in each period generally corresponded to widely
used materials in that phase of development.

Cultural
Came From Time Frame Cultural Development
Period
 Use of simple pebble
“Paleolithic” has
Traditionally tools
derived from two
coincided with  Learned to live in
Greek words
the first caves
“Palaeo” which
evidence of  Discovered the use
means “old”, and
Paleolithic tools of fire
“lithic” which
Age construction  Developed small
means “stone”.
and use by sculptures, and
Homosome 2.5 monumental
Thus, Paleolithic
million years painting, incised
Age pertains to the
ago designs, and reliefs
old stone period.
on the walls of caves

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  Food collecting
cultures
 Used small stone
tools, also polished
The term was and sometimes
coined with Greek crafted with point
words “mesos” and attached to
which means antlers
“middle”, and  Bone or wood to
“lithic” which About 10,000 serve as spears and
Mesolithic
means “stone”. B.C to 8,000 arrows
Age
B.C  They often lived
Thus Mesolithic nomadically in camp
Age pertains to the near rivers and
middle stone other bodies of
period. water.
 Agriculture was
introduced during
this time
 Stone tools were
The term was shaped by polishing
coined with Greek or grinding
words “neo” which  Settlement in
means “new”, and permanent villages
Occurred
“lithic” which  Dependence on
Neolithic something
means “stone”. domesticated plants
Age about 10,000
and animals
BCE
Thus, Neolithic  Appearance of such
Age pertains to the crafts as pottery and
old stone period. weaving
 Food producing
cultures
 Used for weapons
and tools, the harder
metal replaced its
stone predecessors
and helped spark
Metalworking
innovations
advances were
About 3,000 including the ox-
made, as bronze, a
Bronze Age B.C to 1,300 drawn plow and the
copper and tin
B.C wheel.
alloy, was
 Advances in
discovered
architecture and art.
 Invention of the
potter’s wheel
 Textiles (clothing)
consisted of mostly

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 wool items such as
skirt, kilts, tunics
and cloak.
 Home dwelling
morphed so called
roundhouse,
consisting of a
circular stone wall
with a thatched or
turf roof
 Organized
government, law and
welfare
 At the time, the
metal was seen as
more precious than
gold and wrought
iron (which would be
replaced by steel
with the advent of
smelting iron
 Mass production of
The discovery of steel tools and
Roughly 1,300
The Iron ways to heat and weapons
B.C. to 900
Age forge iron kicked of  Advances in
B.C.
the iron age. architecture, with
four room home
 Writing systems and
written
documentation,
including alphabets
began emerge
 Agriculture, art and
religion all became
more sophisticated

The evidences of a change in economic aspect have resulted in the

transformation of man’s way of life. Early societies started to emerge as a result
of man’s interaction with his environment. Every society is organized in such a
way that there will be rules of conduct, customs, traditions, folkways and mores,
and expectations that ensure appropriate behavior among members.

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 Types of Societies

Types of Society Characteristics

 It is the earliest form of human society.
 People survived by forgoing for vegetable foods
and small game, fishing, hunting larger wild
1. Hunting and Food animals and collecting shellfish.
Gathering Society  They subsisted from day to day on whatever was
available.
 They used tools made of stones, woods and
bones.
 People learned to use human muscle power and
hand held tools to cultivate fields.
 It is classified as subsistence farming and
surplus farming.

Subsistence Farming:

 It involves only producing enough food to feed

the group.
 The settlements are small.
 Neighborhood is solid.
2. Horticultural  Political organization is confined in the village.
Society  Authority is based on positions inherited by
males through the kinship system.

Surplus Farming:

 Practiced in thickly populated and permanent

settlement.
 There was occupational specialization with
prestige differences.
 Social stratification was well established.
 The community tended to be structured by
kinship relations that are male dominated.
 It relied on herding and domestication of animals
for food and clothing to satisfy the greater needs
of the group.
 Most pastoralists were nomads who followed
3. Pastoral Society
their herds in a never-ending quest for pasture
and water.
 It was organized along male-centered kinship
group.
 This society was characterized by the used of the
plow in farming.
4. Agricultural Society
 Creation of the irrigation system provided
farming enough surplus for the community

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  Ever growing populations came together in board
river-valley system.
 Social classes became entrenched, and the state
evolved.
 It is characterized by more than just the use of
mechanical means of production.
 It constitutes an entirely new forms of society
that requires an immerse, mobile diversity
specialized, high skilled and well-coordinated
labor force.
5. Industrial Society
 Industrialism brought about a tremendous shift
of populations.
 Kinship play smaller role in patterning public
affairs.
 The predominant form of social and political
organization in industrial society.
 It depends on specialized knowledge to bring
about continuing progress in technology.
 It is characterized by the spread of computer
industries.
6. Post-Industrial
 Knowledge and information are the hallmarks of
Societies
this society.
 It resulted in the homogenization of social
relations among individuals and the interaction
between humans and the natural environment.

What’s More

Independent Activity 1

WORD PUZZLE. Answer the given puzzle. Use the words from the box as your
clues to complete the word hunt. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.

WORD HUNT

Human Homo Habilis Homonids Neolithic

Paleolithic Humanization Homo Erectus Evolution
Homo Sapiens Sapiens Homonizatiom

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Independent Assessment 1

MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE. Read the following statements carefully. Write

TRUE if the statement is correct otherwise, change the underlined word or
phrase to make it correct. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

______________1. Bipedalism is an important characteristic of homo habilis.

______________2. The use of fire was developed during the paleolithic age.
______________3. Agriculture is the earliest form of human society.
______________4. Pastoral societies are organized along male-centered kinship
groups.
______________5. In post-industrial society, the predominant form of social and
political organization in industrial society is the bureaucracy.

Independent Activity 2

IDENTIFICATION. Identify the terms being described in the following

statements. Choose your answer from the box and then write it on a separate
sheet of paper.

15
 Homo floresiensis Homo sapiens sapiens Homo rudolfensis
Homo sapiens Homo erectus Homo habilis Australopithecus
Homo heidelbergensis Homo neanderthalensis
Australopithecus aferensis

______________1. It is the subspecies known as Cro-Magnon.

______________2.This is the first of early human species to live in colder climates,
first to hunt large animals on routine basis using spears and
first to construction human shelter.
______________3.People owe their first relics of tools to them.
______________4.The first to practice burial of their dead, hunting and gathering
food and sewing clothes from animal skin using bone needles.
______________5.It remains as the most famous of all fossil so called Java, “ape-
man”.
______________6.This is the species to which all modern human beings belong.
______________7.This species with a height of more or less 3 feet.
______________8.This fossil assumes to be the intermediate between Man and
Ape was discovered in Pleistocene cave deposited of South
Africa in 1924 by Dart.
______________9.It was discovered by anthropologist Richard Leakey and Meave
Leakey.
_____________10.This species has a brain size a little larger than chimpanzees.

Independent Assessment 2

Identify the cultural period in the given cultural developments. Write P if

it is Paleolithic, M if it is Mesolithic, N if it is Neolithic, B if it is Bronze Age and I
if it is Iron Age. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

______1. Advances in architecture and art

______2. Settlement in permanent villages
______3. Writing systems and written documentation, including alphabets
began emerge
______4. Appearance of such crafts as pottery and weaving
______5. Discovered the use of fire
______6. Bone or wood to serve as spears and arrows
______7. Food collecting cultures
______8. Mass production of steel tools and weapons
______9. Organized government, law and welfare
______10. Agriculture was introduced during this time

16
Independent Activity 3

WORD PUZZLE. Complete the puzzle by filling in the word that fits each clue.
Choose your answer from the box and then write it on a separate sheet of paper.

Down
2. They subsisted from day to day on whatever was available.
3. Creation of the irrigation system provided farming enough surplus for the
community
4. Societies are highly secularized.
4. It relied on herding and the domestication of animals.
Across
1. It depends on specialized knowledge to bring about continuing progress in
technology.
5. People learned to use human.
6. Muscle power

Post-Industrial Industrial Horticultural

Agricultural Pastoral Hunting

17
Independent Assessment 3

Read each statement and fill out the missing letters to formulate the answers.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What do you call the long process of improving the humans’ everyday living?

M I T N

2. They often lived nomadically in camp near rivers and other bodies of water.

M O I H

3. They subsisted from day to day on whatever was available.

U N I N

4. Food producing cultures

N O I H C

5. Agriculture, art and religion all became more sophisticated.

I O

6. Political organization is confined in the village.

O R C T A L

7. Invention of the potter’s wheel.

B O Z E

8. It is the evolutionary of human characteristics that differentiate homonids.

O M I Z T N

9. Probably, they even knew how to use fire and small tool of wood and stone
but there is no evidence that they used fire.

E C S

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10. Use of simple pebble tools

A E O T C

What I Have Learned

1. Evolution is a natural process of biological changes occurring in a

population across successive generations.
2. Australopithecus which assumes to be the intermediate between Man and
Ape was discovered in Pleistocene cave deposited of South Africa in 1924 by
Dart.
3. Australopithecus has been divided into four species based on the thin teeth,
jaw and brain size. They are Australopithecus aferensis, Australopithecus
africanus, Australopithecus robustus and Australopithecus boisei.
4. Hominization is the evolutionary of human characteristics that differentiate
homonids (organisms belonging in the Homo genus) distinct from their
primate ancestors.
5. Homo Rudolfensis is the first homonid, discovered by anthropologist
Richard Leakey and Meave Leakey in Kenya in 1972.
6. Homo Habilis this specie name means “Handy man” because the ability to
make and use tools.
7. Homo Erectus this species name means “Upright man” with body proportion
similar to that of modern humans.
8. Homo Florensiensis this species nicknamed “Hobbit” due to their small
stature with a height of more or less 3 feet and lived 95,000 to 17,000 years
ago in the islands of Flores, Indonesia.
9. Homo Heidelbergensis the first of early human species to live in colder
climates, first to hunt large animals on routine basis using spears and first
to construction human shelter.
10.Homo Sapiens this species name means “wise man” that appeared from
200,000 years old.
11.Homo Neanderthalensis the first to practice burial of their dead, hunting and
gathering food and sewing clothes from animal skin using bone needles.
12.Homo Sapiens Sapiens this subspecies known as Cro-Magnon characterized
to be anatomically modern humans and lived in the last Ice Age of Europe.
13.Humanization is the long process of improving the humans’ everyday living
through innovation, discovery, enhancing routines and creating mechanism
with the intention of harmonizing and harnessing the fullest potentials of
their fellow human beings.
14.Paleolithic Age pertains to the old stone period.
15.Mesolithic Age pertains to the middle stone period.
16.Neolithic Age pertains to the old stone period.

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17.Hunting and Food Gathering Society is the earliest form of human society.
18.Horticultural Society, in this society the people learned to use human
muscle power and hand held tools to cultivate fields.
19.Pastoral Society it relied on herding and domestication of animals for food
and clothing to satisfy the greater needs of the group.
20.Agricultural Society was characterized by the used of the plow in farming
21.Industrial Society is characterized by more than just the use of mechanical
means of production.
22.Post-Industrial Societies it depends on specialized knowledge to bring about
continuing progress in technology.

20
 What I Can Do

POSTER MAKING. Based on what you have learned in this module, make a
poster of the significance of human materials remains and artefactual evidence.
Do this on a short bond paper.

21
RUBRICS FOR POSTER MAKING:

CATEGORY 5 3 2 1
All graphics All graphics All graphics Graphics do
are related to are related to relate to the not relate to
the topic and the topic and topic. Most the topic or
make it easier most make it borrowed several
Graphics – to easier to graphics borrowed
Relevance understand. understand. have a graphics do
All borrowed All borrowed source not have a
graphics have graphics have citation. source
a source a source citation.
citation. citation.
Several of the One or two of The graphics No graphics
graphics used the graphics are made by made by the
on the poster used on the the student, student are
reflect a poster reflect but are included.
exceptional student based on the
Graphics –
degree of creativity in designs or
Originality
student their creation ideas of
creativity in and/or others.
their creation display.
and/or
display.
The poster All required All but 1 of Several
includes all elements are the required required
required included on elements are elements were
Required
elements as the poster. included on missing.
Elements
well as the poster.
additional
information.
The poster is The poster is The poster is The poster is
exceptionally attractive in acceptably distractingly
Attractivene attractive in terms of attractive messy or very
ss terms of design, layout though it poorly
design, layout, and neatness. may be a bit designed. It is
and neatness. messy. not attractive.
There are no There is 1 There are 2 There are
grammatical grammatical grammatical more than 2
Grammar mistakes on mistake on mistakes on grammatical
the poster. the poster. the poster. mistakes on
the poster.

http://rubistar.4teachers.org/index.php?screen=ShowRubric&rubric_id=1357669&

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 Assessment

IDENTIFICATION. Identify the terms being described in the following

statements. Choose your answers below and then write them on a separate
sheet of paper.

Neolithic Horticultural
Civilization Broken Pebbles Homo Habilis
Age Society
Hunting &
Homo Industrial Homo Agricultural
Gathering
Erectus Society Neanderthalensis Society
Society
Homo
Pastoral
Bronze Age Evolution Mesolitic Age Heidelbergens
Society
is

_________________1. It is the natural process of biological change occurring in a

population across successive generations.
_________________2. This species is also known as the “handy man”.
_________________3. This species is also known as the “upright man”.
_________________4. This is the earliest tools used by pre-human primates.
_________________5. It refers to the period of flaked and polished stone
implements.
_________________6. This society was characterized by the use of the plow in
farming.
_________________7. In this society, people learned to use human muscle power
and hand held tools to cultivate fields.
_________________8. This species first to practice the burial of their dead.
_________________9. It refers to a relatively high level of cultural and
technological development of human being.
________________10. This society creates a highly organized systems of exchange
between suppliers of raw materials and industrial
manufactures.
________________11. This species has first to hunt large animals on routine
basis using spears and first to construction human
shelter.
________________12. In this cultural development has organized government,
law and welfare.
________________13. In this cultural development introduced agriculture.
________________14. It is relied on herding and domestication of animals for
food and clothing to satisfy the greater needs of the group.
________________15. It is the earliest form of human society.

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 Additional Activities

COMICS STRIP. Make a comic strip about the achievement of cultural period.
Do this on a short bond paper.

24
RUBRICS FOR COMIC STRIP:

CATEGORY 4 3 2 1
Comic is easy Comic is easy Comic is hard Comic is
to read and all to read and to read with hard to read
elements are most elements few and
Clarity and
so clearly are clearly illustrations understand.
Neatness
written, written, and labels
labelled and labelled and
illustrated. illustrated.

No spelling or No spelling or One to 4 More than 4

grammatical grammatical spelling or spelling
Spelling & mistakes on mistakes on a grammatical and/or
Grammar comic strip comic strip errors on the grammatical
with lots of with little text. comic strip. errors on the
text. comic.

There are There are There are very There are no

references to references to few references references to
the topic the topic to the the assigned
Content
assigned in assigned in assigned topic topic in the
each frame. most frames. in the a few comic strip.
frames.

The graphics The graphics The graphics Little or no

are are somewhat are scarce graphics
meaningful, meaningful, throughout were
colorful, and colorful, and the piece and evident. It is
appropriate. It appropriate. It not much time clear that
Graphics is clear that is clear that or effort was the effort
time and effort some time and put forth. was lacking
went into their effort went and they did
creation. into their not complete
creation. the
assignment.

They have They have They have They have 3

included at included 5 included 4 or less
Format least 6 frames frames to their frames to frames to
to their comic comic strip. comic strip. the comic
strip. strip.

https://www.cravenk12.org/site/handlers/filedownload.ashx?moduleinstanceid
=12669&dataid=11706&FileName=rubric1_comicstrip.doc

25
26
References
Book references

Abulencia, A. S., Parernal, R. S,. Social Dynamics. A worktext on Understanding

Culture Society and Politics. Brilliant creation Publishing, Inc.2016.

Aguilar, M. V. G., et. a. Society, Culture and Politics. An Introductory Text For
Senior High School. Phoenix Publishing House. 2016.

Baleña, E. D., Lucero, D. M., Peralta, A. M. Understanding Culture, Society and

Politics. Cubao, Quezon City. Educational Resources Corporation 2016.

Our Lady of Fatima University. Understanding Culture, Society and Politics

Workbook for Senior High School. 2016.

Electronic Resources

https://www.thescientist.com/newsopinion/abriefhistoryofhumancoronaviruse
s-67600

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ajpa.23357

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