D Tema 7

rimanis integrali

segmentis danawilebis cneba. rimanis jamebi. rimanis integralis cneba.

integrebadobis aucilebeli piroba. darbus jamebi. Ffunqciis zeda da
qveda integrali. Ffunqciis rimanis azriT integrebadobis aucilebeli
da sakmarisi piroba

GgansazRvreba 1. [a , b] segmentis danawileba ewodeba mis wertilTa

sasrul P  {x0 , x1 ,..., xn } simravles, sadac a  x0  x1  ...  x n  b . monakveTebs
[ xk 1, x k ], k  1,2,..., n uwodeben P danawilebis qvesegmentebs. ricxvs
   ( P)  max | xk | , sadac xk  [ x k 1 , x k ] , k  1,2,..., n uwodeben P danawilebis
1 k  n
parameters.
GgansazRvreba 2. vTqvaT P1 da P2 warmoadgens [a , b] segmentis sxvadasxva
danawilebas. vityviT, rom P2 ufro mWidro danawilebaa vidre P1 (anu P2
danawileba warmoadgens P1 danawilebis gagrZelebas) Tu P1  P2 .

cxadia Tu P1  P2 , maSin  ( P2 )   ( P1 ) . amasTanave Tu P1 da P2 warmoadgens

[a , b] segmentis or nebismier danawilebas, maSin P  P1  P2 aris TiToeuli
danawilebis gagrZeleba.
GgansazRvreba 3. vityviT, rom mocemulia [a , b] segmentis danawileba ( P,  )
am segmentis moniSnuli   {1 ,  2 ,...,  n } wertilebiT, Tu mocemulia P
danawileba da am danawilebis yovel [ xk 1, x k ], k  1,2,..., n qvesegmentSi
arCeulia raime  k  [ xk 1, x k ] wertili k  1,2,..., n .
GgansazRvreba 4. vTqvaT f funqcia gansazRvrulia [a , b] segmentze da
( P,  ) am segmentis moniSnuli wertilebiT danawilebaa, maSin jams
n
 ( f , P,  )   f ( k ) | x k |
k 1

sadac xk  [ xk 1 , x k ] , ewodeba f funqciis rimanis integraluri jami ( P,  )

moniSnuli danawilebis mimarT.
rodesac    ( P)  0 , maSin  ( f , P,  ) jams SeiZleba hqondes garkveuli
<zRvari> , romelic araa dakavSirebuli  k wertilebis SerCevaze.
cxadia aRniSnuli zRvars dasWirdeba mkacri ganmarteba.

GgansazRvreba 5. I ricxvs ewodeba f : [a, b ]  R funqciis rimanis  ( f , P,  )

jamebis zRvari, roca  ( P)  0 Tu yoveli   0 ricxvisaTvis arsebobs
  0 ricxvi iseTi, rom [ a, b] segmentis moniSnuli wertilebiT nebismieri
( P,  ) danawilebisaTvis, romlis parametria  (P)   adgili aqvs
utolobas:
|  ( f , P,  )  I | 
Aam faqts ase avRniSnavT lim  ( f , P,  )  I .
 ( P ) 0
GgansazRvreba 6. vityviT, rom f : [a , b]  R funqcia rimanis azriT
integrebadia Tu arsebobs zRvari lim  ( f , P,  )  I . A I ricxvs uwodeben
 ( P )0

f funqciis gansazRvruli (rimanis) integrals [ a , b] segmentze da

davwerT
b
lim  ( f , P,  )  I   f ( x)dx
 ( P )0
a
(rac ase ikiTxeba integrali a -dan b -mde f ( x) dx ) a -s da b -s Sesabamisad
integrebis qveda da zeda sazRvrebi ewodebaT, x -s integrebis cvladi,
f ( x)dx integrelqveSa gamosaxuleba.

SemdgomSi Cven gveqneba saqme rimanis integralTan da zogjer

simartivisaTvis nacvlad “rimanis integrali”, “funqcia rimanis azriT
integrebadia” SesabamisaT vityviT ‘’integrali” da “integrebadi funqcia”
b
SevniSnoT, rom integrali  f ( x)dx damoukidebelia integrebis x
a
cvladze, amitom SegviZlia davweroT
b b b

 f ( x)dx   f (t )dt   f (u )du .

a a a

SemdgomSi [a , b] segmentze gansazRvrul rimanis azriT integrebad yvela

funqciaTa erTobliobas (simravles) avRniSnavT simboloTi R([a, b]) .
magaliTi 7. ganvixiloT [a , b] segmentze gansazRvruli mudmivi funqcia:
f ( x)  c, x  [a , b] .
n n
Ggveqneba  ( f , P,  )   f ( k ) | x k |  c  | xk | c(b  a) , nebismieri ( P,  )
k 1 k 1
danawilebisaTvis. maSasadame
b

 f ( x)dx  c(b  a) .
a

magaliTi 8. ganvixiloT [ a, b ] segmentze f funqcia Semdegi wesiT:

f ( x)  0 Tu x racionaluria da f ( x)  1 Tu x iracionaluria (dirixles
funqcia). vTqvaT P raime danawilebaa. Tu movniSnavT   {1 ,  2 ,...,  n }
wertilebs ise, rom TiToeuli
 k iyos racionaluri, maSin gveqneba
n n
 ( f , P,  )   f ( k ) | xk |  0   | xk | 0 .
k 1 k 1

Tu movniSnavT   {1 ,  2 ,...,  n } wertilebs ise, rom TiToeuli

 k iyos iracionaluri, maSin gveqneba
n n
 ( f , P,  )   f ( k ) | xk |  1   | xk | (b  a ) .
k 1 k 1
maSasadame dirixls funqcia ar aris rimanis azriT integrebadi [a , b]
segmentze.
 funqciis integrebadobis aucilebeli piroba. Ddarbus jamebi

Teorema 9. imisaTvis, rom [ a , b ] segmentze gansazRvruli f funqcia iyos

rimanis azriT integrebadi aucilebelia rom is iyos SemosazRvruli.
(mokled, f  R([a, b])  f SemosazRvrulia [ a , b ] segmentze.)
SevniSnoT, rom SemosazRvruli funqcia SeiZleba ar iyos rimanis azriT
integrebadi mag. Ddirixles funqcia).
Ddamtkiceba. dauSvaT winaaRmdegi: vTqvaT f : [a, b ]  R integrebadia magram
is SemosazRvruli ar aris [ a, b ] segmentze. maSin nebismieri P
danawilebisaTvis sul mcire danawilebis erT-erT [ x k 1, xk ] qvesegmentze f
funqcia ar aris SemosazRvruli. Aaqedan gamomdinare SegviZlia avirCioT
sxvadasxvagvarad  k  [ x k 1, x k ] wertilebi ise, rom | f ( k ) | xk ||
iyos ragind didi. maSin jamis
n
 ( f , P,  )   f ( k ) | x k |
k 1

absolituri sidide SegviZlia gavxadoT ragind didi Tu mxolod  k

ricxvebs SevcvliT. maSasadame ar arsebobs  ( f , P,  ) jamebis zRvari
roca  ( P)  0 . miviReT winaaRmdegoba. maSasadame Cveni daSveba arasworia.
Teorema damtkicebulia.
gansazRvreba 10. vTqvaT f : [a , b]  R funqcia SemosazRvrulia [a , b]
segmentze. [ a, b ] segmentis yovel P danawilebisaTvis ganvsazRvroT
ricxvebi
M k  sup f ( x) mk  inf f ( x) k  1,2,..., n .
x[ x k 1 , xk ] x[ xk 1 , x k ]

n n
ricxvebs U ( f , P)   M k | x k | da L ( f , P )   M k | x k |
k 1 k 1
uwodeben f funqciis darbus zeda da qveda integralur (ubralod
darbus) jamebs P danawilebis mimarT.

gansazRvreba 11. ricxvebs

b b

 f ( x)dx  inf U ( f , P)  f ( x)dx  sup U ( f , P)

a a
sadac zusti qveda da zeda sazRvari aiReba [a , b] segmentis yvela
SesaZlebeli P danawilebis mimarT, SesabamisadD uwodeben f funqciis
rimanis zeda da qveda integralebs.

SevniSnoT, rom vinaidan f funqcia SemosazRvrulia [a , b] segmentze,

amitom arsebobs m da M ricxvebi iseTi, rom m  f ( x)  M x  [a, b ] . ris
gamoc [a , b] segmentis nebismieri P danawilebisaTvis gveqneba
m(b  a )  L( f , P)  U ( f , P)  M (b  a )
Aamrigad L( f , P) da U ( f , P) ricxvebisagan Semdgari simravleebi
SemosazRvrulia, amitom funqciis zeda da qveda rimanis integralebi
segmentze gansazRvruli nebismieri SemosazRvruli funqciisaTvis
yovelTvis arsebobs.
 Teorema 12. Tu P  aris P danawilebis gagrZeleba, maSin
L( f , P )  L( f , P  ) ,
U ( f , P  )  U ( f , P) .
Teorema 13. U ( P, f )  sup  ( f , P,  )


L( P, f )  inf  ( f , P,  ) .


Teorema 14. [a , b] segmentze gansazRvruli SemosazRvruli funqciis

integrebadobisTvis aucilebelia da sakmarisi, rom

lim U ( f , P)  L( f , P)  0 .
 ( P )0

Sedegi 15. [ a, b ] segmentze gansazRvruli SemosazRvruli f funqciis

integrebadobisTvis aucilebelia da sakmarisi, rom misi zeda da qveda
integralebi toli iyos e.i.
b
 b
I   f ( x)dx =  f ( x)dx  I
a a

Sedegi 16. Tu f funqcia integrebadia [a , b] segmentze, maSin is

integrebadia mis nebismier qvesegmentze.

integralis wrfivoba, adiciuroba da monotonuroba

Teorema 17. vTqvaT f  R([a, b]) da g  R([a, b]) , maSin maTi wrfivi
kombinaciac f  g integrebadi funqciaa [a , b] segmentze da
samarTliania toloba
b b b

 (f ( x)   g ( x))dx    f ( x)dx   g ( x)dx .

a a a

Teorema 18. vTqvaT f  R([a, b]) da g  R([a, b]) , maSin: a) | f | R([a, b]) b)
fg  R([a , b]) .
Teorema 19. vTqvaT f  R([a, c]) da a  b  c , maSin
c b c
 f ( x) dx   f ( x) dx   f ( x) dx .
a a b

integralis monotonuroba da saSualo mniSvnelobis Teoremebi

Teorema 20. vTqvaT f  R ([a , b]) maSin | f | R ([ a, b]) da marTebulia utoloba

b b

 f ( x )dx   | f ( x) |dx
a a

Tu amasTanave x  [ a, b ] | f ( x) | M , maSin
b

 | f ( x) | dx  M (b  a)
a
Ddamtkiceba. f  R([a, b])  | f | R([a, b]) winadadebis samarTlianoba ukve
damtkicebuli gvaqvs. integraluri jamebisaTvis samarTliania Semdegi
martivi Sefaseba
n n
 ( f , P,  )   k 1
f ( k ) | x k |   | f ( k ) | xk |  M (b  a )
k 1

Tu am ukanasknel utolobaSi gadavalT zRvarze, roca  ( P)  0 miviRebT

b b

 f ( x)dx   | f ( x) |dx  M (b  a )
a a

Teorema 21. vTqvaT f , g  R([a, b]) da f ( x)  g ( x) x  [a, b ] . maSin

b b

 f ( x)dx   g ( x)dx .
a a
Aam Tvisebas integralis monotonurobis Tviseba hqvia.
Sedegi 22 vTqvaT f  R([a, b]) da x  [a , b] m  f ( x)  M , maSin
b
m(b  a )   f ( x)dx  M (b  a )
a

Dda saxeldobr, Tu x  [a, b ] f ( x)  0 , maSin

b

 f ( x)dx  0
a

Sedegi 23. vTqvaT f  R([a, b]) da m  inf f ( x) , M  sup f ( x) , maSin

x[ a , b ] x[ a ,b ]

Aarsebobs   [m, M ] ricxvi iseTi, rom

b

 f ( x)dx   (b  a) (1)
a
b
1
Ddamtkiceba. vTqvaT   f ( x)dx . (6) utolobidan gamodis rom
b  a a
  [m, M ] .
Sedegi 24. vTqvaT f  C ([a, b]) , maSin arsebobs   [a, b] iseTi, rom
b

 f ( x)dx  f ( )(b  a ) . (2)

a
Ddamtkiceba. vTqvaT  ganmartebulia (1) tolobiT. koSis Teoremis
Tanaxmad uwyveti funqciis Sualeduri mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb vinaidan
m  min f ( x)    max f ( x)  M amitom arsebobs   [a, b] wertili iseTi, rom
x[ a ,b ] x[ a ,b ]

f ( )   ase rom (2) toloba miiReba (1) tolobidan.

Teorema 25. (saSualo mniSvnelobis pirveli Teorema) vTqvaT
f , g  R([a, b]) , m  inf f ( x) , M  sup f ( x) . Tu g funqcia arauaryofiTia
x[ a , b ] x[ a ,b ]

(aradadebiTia) [a , b] segmentze, MmaSin

b b

 f ( x) g ( x) dx    g ( x) dx
a a

sadac   [m, M ] . Tu damatebiT f  C ([a, b]) , maSin moiZebneba wertili

  [a, b] iseTi, rom
 b b

 f ( x) g ( x)dx  f ( ) g ( x)dx .
a a

Teorema 26. (saSualo mniSvnelobis meore Teorema) vTqvaT f , g  R([a, b])

da g monotonuri funqciaa [ a, b ] segmentze. maSin arsebobs   [a , b]
ricxvi, iseTi rom marTebulia toloba
b  b

 f ( x) g ( x)dx  g (a )  f ( x)dx  g (b)  f ( x)dx .

a a 

integrali da pirveladi

vTqvaT f raime [a , b] segmentze gansazRvruli rimanis azriT integrebadi

funqciaa. ganvixiloT [a , b] segmentze funqcia
x
F ( x)   f (t ) dt . (1)
a

SevniSnoT, rom F koreqtuladaa gansazRvruli . marTlac vinaidan f

raime [a , b] segmentze integrebadia amitom is (ufro swored misi
SezRudva) integrebadi iqneba [a, x]  [a, b] qvesegmentze. F funqcias
uwodeben integrals cvladi zeda sazRvriT.
Teorema 27. vTqvaT f  R[a, b] , maSin F  C[a, b] .

Teorema 28. vTqvaT vTqvaT f  R[a, b] . dauSvaT f funqcia uwyvetia x  [a, b ]

wertilSi. maSin funqcia gansazRvruli (1) tolobiT diferencirebadia x
wertilSi da samarTliania toloba
F ' ( x)  f ( x) .

Sedegi 29. vTqvaT funqcia f : [a, b ]  R uwyvetia [ a, b ] segmentze, maSin mas

gaaCnia pirveladi, amasTan mis nebismier pirvelads gaaCnia saxe
x
F ( x)   f (t ) dt  c (3)
a
sadac c raRac mudmivaa.
Ddamtkiceba. sakmarisia SevniSnoT, rom f  C[a, b]  f  R[a , b] da
gamoviyenoT Teorema 2.
Sedegi 30. vTqvaT f : [a, b ]  R uwyveti funqciaa. maSin
b

 f ( x)dx  F (b)  F (a) (4)

a

sadac F : [a, b]  R f funqciis raime pirveladia [a , b] segmentze.

Ddamtkiceba. rogorc ukve vaCveneT f funqciis nebismier pirvelads aqvs
a
(3)saxe. (3) tolobidan gveqneba F (a )   f (t )dt  c  c . Aamitom gveqneba
a
x
F ( x)   f (t ) dt  F ( a )
a
Aam ukanasknel tolobaSi Tu aviRebT x  b miviRebT dasamtkicebel
tolobas.
(4) tolobas niuton-laibnicis formulas uwodeben. (4) tolobas
SemdgomSi ase CavwerT
b
b
 f (t )dt  F ( x) a
.
a
Nniuton-laibnicis formula maTematikuri analizis erT-erTi
umniSvnelovanesi formulaa, igi akavSirebs erTmaneTTan integralur da
diferencialur aRricxvas. Aam formulas aqvs mniSvnelovani
ganzogadoebani. saxeldobr stoksis formulis saxelwodebiT, romelsac
mravalganzomilebian analizSi iqneba Seswavlili.

nawilobiTi integrebis formula gansazRvrul integralSi

Teorema 31. vTvaT funqciebi u ( x), v( x) uwyvetad warmoebadi funqciebia

Sualedze, romlis boloebia a da b . maSin samarTliania toloba
b b
b
 u ( x)  v' ( x)dx  u ( x)  v( x) a   v( x)  u ' ( x)dx
a a
Aam formulas SemoklebiT ase gamosaxaven
b b
b
 udv  u  v
a
a
  vdu
a
Dda uwodeben nawilobiTi integrebis formulas gansazRvruli
integralisaTvis.

cvladis Secvlis formula gansazRvrul integralSi

integraluri aRricxvis erT-erT ZiriTad formulas warmoadgens

gansazRvrul integralSi cvladis Secvlis formulas. Ees formula
integralis TeriaSi igive mniSvnelobisaa, rogorc diferencialur
aRricxvaSi kompoziciis diferencirebis formula. romelTanac is
garkveul pirobebSi SeiZleba dakavSirebuli iyos niuton-laibmicis
formulasTan.
Teorema 32. Tu  : [ ,  ]  [a, b ] uwyvetad diferencirebadi sureqciuli
asaxvaa da  ( )  a ,  (  )  b, maSin [a , b] segmentze nebismieri uwyveti f
funqciisaTvis funqcia ( f   )(t )   ' (t ) uwyvetia [ ,  ] segmentze da
marTebulia toloba
b 

 f ( x)dx   f [ (t )] ' (t )dt .

a 
 განსაზღვრული ინტეგრალის ზოგიერთი გამოყენება.
რკალის სიგრძე. ბრუნვითი სხეულის მოცულობა. ცვლადი ძალის მუშაობა

vTqvaT mocemulia y  f ( x) uwvetad warmoebadi funqcia da gvinda

gamovTvaloT funqciis grafikis rkalis im nawilis sigrZe, romelic
eTanadeba a  x  b monakveTs. rkalis sigrZis qveS vigulisxmoT rkalze
moniSnuli A0 , A1 , A2 ,..., An wertilebiT Sedgenili texilis sigrZis zRvari,
rodesac am texilis udidesi mdgenis sigrZe miiswrafis nulisken. vTqvaT
a  x0 , x1 , ..., xn  b wertilebi warmoadgenen A0 , A1 , A2 ,..., An wertilebis
Sesabamis abscisebs. maSin Tu l aris rkalis sigrZe , L aris texilis
sigrZe, xolo  aris texilis udidesi mdgenis sigrZe, gveqneba
2
n
2 2
n
 f ( xk )  f ( xk 1 ) 
l  lim L  lim   xk  xk 1    f ( xk )  f ( xk 1 )   lim   xk  xk 1  1  2

 0  0
k 1
 0
k 1  xk  xk 1 
n b
lim   xk  xk 1  1  ( f ( k ))   1  ( f ( x)) 2 dx .
2
 0
k 1 a
b
amrigad l   1  ( f ( x)) 2 dx warmoadgens rkalis sigrZis gamosaTvlel
a
formulas.
 x  x(t )
Tu rkali mocemulia parametrulad  , sadac   t   , maSin
 y  y (t )
rkalis sigrZe gamoiTvleba formuliT


l   ( x(t ))2  ( y(t )) 2 dt


Tu rkali mocemulia polaruli koordinatebiT r  r ( ) , sadac      ,

maSin rkalis sigrZe gamoiTvleba formuliT


l   ( r ( )) 2  ( r ( )) 2 d .


analogiuri gziT miiReba a  x  b monakveTis Sesabamisi rkalis OX

RerZis garSemo brunvis Sedegad miRebuli sxeulis moculobis
gamosaTvleli formula. Tu a  x  b monakveTs davanawilebT
a  x0 , x1 , ..., xn  b wertilebiT, maSin brunvis sxeulis moculoba iqneba
n b
V  lim   f ( k )( xk  xk 1 )    f 2 ( x)dx .
2
 0
k 1 a
brunvis sxeulis zedapiris farTobis gamosaTvleli formulaa
b
S  2  f ( x) 1  ( f ( x)) 2 dx .
a
vTqvaT raime F ( x) cvladi Zalis moqmedebis Sedegad materialuri
wertili moZraobs  a; b  monakveTze. Tu a  x  b monakveTs davanawilebT
a  x0 , x1 , ..., xn  b wertilebiT, maSin F ( x ) cvladi Zalis mier
Sesrulebuli muSaoba iqneba
n b
A  lim  F ( k )( xk  xk 1 )   F ( x)dx .
 0
k 1 a

Tema 8
arasakuTrivi integrali

ganmarteba 1. vTqvaT funqcia f : [a ,)  R rimanis azriT integrebadia

nebismier [a , b]  [a,) segmentze. sidides
b
lim  f ( x)dx Tu es zRvari arsebobs uwodeben rimanis arasakuTriv
b  
a

integrals f funqciidan [a ,) simravleze da mas aRniSnaven simboloTi



 f ( x)dx .
a
SemdgomSi vityviT, rom arasakuTrivi integrali


 f ( x)dx
a
Kkrebadia Tu zemoT miTiTiTebuli zRvari arsebobs, winaaRmdeg
SemTxvevaSi vityviT, rom arasakuTrivi integrali ganSladia.

1
magaliTi 2. gamovikvlioT arasakuTrivi integralis  x  dx krebadobis
1
sakiTxi.
b
1 1 1 b
Ggvaqvs : roca   1 x 
dx  x |1
1
1
b
1 b
roca  1 x dx  ln x 1
.
1
b
1
Aamitom zRvari lim x 
dx arsebobs mxolod maSin, roca   1 da
b 
1
b
1 1
lim
b    x  dx    1 .
1
 
1 1
MmaSasadame  x  dx    1 Tu   1 da  parametris sxva
1
mniSvnelobisaTvis arasakuTrivi integrali ganSladia.
ganmarteba 3. vTqvaT funqcia f : [ a, B )  R rimanis azriT integrebadia
nebismier [a , b]  [a, B ) segmentze. sidides
b
lim  f ( x)dx Tu es zRvari arsebobs uwodeben rimanis arasakuTriv
b B
a

integrals f funqciidan [a, B) simravleze da mas aRniSnaven simboloTi

B

 f ( x)dx .
a

Aam ganmartebis arsi mdgomareobs imaSi, rom f funqcia B wertilis

ragind mcire midamoSi SesaZlebelia aRmoCndes SemousazRvreli.
ganmarteba 4. vTqvaT funqcia f : ( A, b]  R rimanis azriT integrebadia
nebismier [a , b]  ( A, b] segmentze. sidides
b
lim  f ( x)dx Tu es zRvari arsebobs uwodeben rimanis arasakuTriv
a  A
a

integrals f funqciidan ( A, b] simravleze da mas aRniSnaven simboloTi

b

 f ( x)dx .
A

Aanalogiurad SegviZlia ganvmartoT

b b

 f ( x) dx  lim  f ( x)dx
a  
 a
1
1
magaliTi 5. gamovikvlioT arasakuTrivi integralis  x  dx krebadobis
0
sakiTxi.
1
1 1 1 1
Ggvaqvs : roca   1 x 
dx  x |a ,
a
1
b
1 b
roca  1 x dx  ln x 1
.
1
1
1
Aamitom zRvari lim  dx arsebobs mxolod maSin, roca   1 da
a 0 
a
x
1
1 1
lim
a 0   x  dx  1   .
a
1
1 1
MmaSasadame  x  dx  1   Tu   1 da  parametris sxva
0
mniSvnelobisaTvis arasakuTrivi integrali ganSladia.
 arasakuTrivi integralis absolituri krebadoba


ganmarteba 6. 4 vityviT, rom arasakuTrivi integrali  f ( x)dx krebadia
a

absoliturad, Tu krebadia arasakuTrivi integrali  | f ( x) | dx .
a
ganmarteba 7. Tu arasakuTrivi integrali krebadia, magram araa
absoliturad krebadi, maSin amboben rom arasakuTrivi integrali
pirobiT krebadia
Teorema 8. vTqvaT funqcia f : [a,  )  R sadac rimanis azriT
integrebadia nebismier [a , b]  [a,  ) segmentze da x  [a,  ) f ( x)  0 .

AarasakuTrivi integrali  f ( x)dx krebadia maSin da mxolod maSin, roca
a
t
funqcia F (t )   f ( x )dx SemosazRvrulia [a,  ) -ze.
a

Ddamtkiceba. sakmarisia SevniSnoT, rom funqcia F araklebadia [a,  ) -ze,

amitom mas gaaCnia zRvari roca b   maSin da mxolod maSin, roca is
SemosazRvrulia.
Sedegi. (ricxviTi mwkrivis krebadobis integraluri niSani) Tu funqcia
f : [1,)  R arauaryofiTi, arazrdadi funqciaa., maSin ricxviTi mwkrivi
f (1)  f (2)  ...  f (n)  ...

Dda arasakuTrivi integrali  f ( x)dx erTdroulad krebadia an ganSladi.
1
Ddamtkiceba. n  N gvaqvs
n 1
f (n  1)   f ( x)dx  f ( n)
n
Aam utolobebis Sekrebis Sedegad miviRebT
k k 1 k


n 1
f (n  1)   f ( x)dx   f (n)
n 1
(1)
1
t
Aanu S k 1  f (1)  F ( k  1)  S k , sadac S k  f (1)  f ( 2)  ....  f ( k ) da F (t )   f ( x )dx .
1

Tu gaviTvaliswinebT (1) utolobas da im faqts, rom S k mimdevroba da

F (t ) funqcia araklebadia mivიRebT dasamtkicebel debulebas.

1
magaliTi 9.   krebadia mxolod maSin, roca   1 .
n 1 n
 arasakuTrivi integralis krebadobis Sedarebis niSani

Teorema 10. vTqvaT mocemulia funqciebi f , g : [a,  )  R , romlebic

nebismier [a , b]  [a,  ) segmentze integrebadi arian. Tu [a,  ) simravleze
0  f ( x)  g ( x)

maSin  g ( x )dx integralis krebadobidan gamomdinareobs integralis
a


 f ( x)dx krebadoba da samarTliania utoloba

a

 

 f ( x) dx   g ( x ) dx , (2)
a a
 
xolo  f ( x)dx integralis ganSladobidan gamomdinareobs  g ( x )dx
a a
integralis ganSladoba.
magaliTi 11. integrali

cos x cos x 1
 2
dx absoliturad krebadia vinaidan 2
 2 , roca x  1 da amitom
1 x x x
 
cos x 1
1 x 2 dx  x 2
dx  1 .
1

x 2 2
magaliTi 14. e dx krebadia, vinaidan e  x  e  x roca x  1 da
1
 
 x2 x 1
1 e dx  1 e dx  1  e .

1
magaliTi 12.  ln x dx ganSladia vinaidan sakmaod didi x -ebisaTvis
10

1 1 1
 da  x dx ganSladia.
ln x x 10


sin x
magaliTi 13. vaCvenoT, rom integrali  dx pirobiT krebadia.
 /2 x

Tu visargeblebT nawilobiTi integrebis formuliT nebismieri b   / 2

ricxvisaTvis gveqneba
b b b
sin x cos x cos x
 / 2 x dx   x  / 2  / 2 x 2 dx . (3)

Tu am tolobis orive mxareSi gadavalT zRvarze b   gveqneba

 
sin x cos x
 / 2 x dx  / 2 x 2 dx
  
cos x sin x
vinaidan  2
dx krebadia amitom integralic  dx krebadia.
 /2 x  /2 x
vaCvenoT, rom es ukanaskneli integrali ar aris absoliturad krebadi.
marTlac, nebismieri b   / 2 ricxvisaTvis gveqneba
b b b b
sin x sin 2 x 1 1 1 cos 2 x
 dx   dx   dx   dx (4)
 /2 x  /2 x 2  /2 x 2 /2 x

cos 2 x
integrali  dx krebadia, es ukanaskneli SegviZlia davamtkicoT
 /2
x

sin x
analogiurad rogorc vaCveneT dx krebadoba (ix. (3) toloba).

/2 x 
(4) tolobaSi Tu gadavalT zRvarze roca b   davaskvniT, rom
  
sin x 1 cos 2 x
 dx   (vinaidan  dx   da  dx krebadia).
 /2 x  /2 x  /2
x
 savarjiSoebi

1. ipoveT ganusazRvreli integrali:

1. a)  xdx ; b)  ( x  2)dx ;
1
g)  (2 x  3)dx ; d)  ( 4 x  5)dx .
3
2
2. a)  ( x  2 x  1)dx ; b)  (2 x  3 x 2  x  2) dx ;
5 3 2 1 3
g)  (2 x  x  2 x  1)dx ; d)  x  )dx .
 ( 5 x3
1 1 3 4 1
3. a) ( x  3 x  ) dx ; b)  (  x  2 ) dx ;
x x x
1 2
g)  x( 3 4 x  2  4)dx ; d)  (2 x
3
x  x 2 )( x  1) dx .
3x x x
x 1 3
x2  4 x
4. a)  x dx ; b)  ;
x
x  23 x 2  1 1
g)  4
dx ; d)  (1  x 2
) x x dx .
x
5 2
5. a)  (2 sin x  3 cos x  5)dx ; b)  ( cos x  sin x  2)dx ;
2 2

2 2
g)  tan xdx ; d)  cot xdx .
2 1 1 3
6. a)  (  )dx ; b)  (  )dx ; 2
1 x x 12 2
x  1 2x  2 2

x2 x2
g)
 1  x 2 dx ; d)  1  x 2 dx .
7. a)  (e x  2 x )dx ; b)  (2 2 x  e 3 x )dx ;
2 x2  3 x2 x
g)  6 x dx ; d)  (2  3 x ) 2 dx .

2. ipoveT ganusazRvreli integrali cvladis gardaqmnis gziT:

1
1. a)  (2 x  1) 20 dx ; b)  ( x  5)10 dx ;
3
g)  3 x  2 dx ; d)  3 4 x  2 dx .
1 1
2. a)  dx ; b) dx ;

2  9x 2
1  2x
1 1
g)  dx ; d)  dx .
2  3x 2 3  4x2
4 1
3. a)  (cos 2 x  sin(3x  2))dx ; b)  ( 2 
cos (4 x  3) 1  cos x
)dx ;

1 1 4
g)  (1  sin x  2 x 2
) dx ; d)  (sin x  cos 4 x) dx .
1
 4. a)  tan xdx ; b)  cot xdx ;
xdx e x dx
g)  1 x2 ; d)  2  ex .
dx sin x
5. a)  (1  x) ; b)  dx ;
x 2 x
1
cos
x 3 dx x
g)  x8  5 ; d)  x 2 dx .
ln 2 x arctan x
6. a)  dx ; b)  1  x 2 dx ;
x
dx dx
g)  ; d)  cos x ;
sin x
7. a)  x(1  x) 50 dx ; b)  x 3  4 x dx ;
x2
g)  x 2 3 1  x dx ; d)  dx .
2x

3. ipoveT ganusazRvreli integrali nawilobiTi integrebis gziT:

x
1. a)  x sin xdx ; b)  x sin dx ;
2
x
g)  x cos 3 xdx ; d)  x cos .
4
x 2x
2. a)  xe dx ; b)  xe dx ;
g)  xe  x ; d)  x ln xdx .
2 2 x 2
3. a)  x e dx ; b)  x cos xdx ;
2 2
g)  x sin 2 xdx ; d)  x cos 4 xdx .
4. a)  arctan xdx ; b)  arcsin x ;
x
g)  arctan x dx ; d)  e dx .
2 2
5. a)  4  x dx ; b)  9  x dx ;
x 2x
g)  e cos xdx ; d)  e sin 3 xdx .
4. moaxdineT racionaluri funqciis integreba
2x  3 x3 1 x 2  5x  4
a)  dx b)  3 dx g)  x 4  5 x 2  4dx
( x  2)( x  5) x  5x 2  6 x
2
 x  1
g)   x 2  3x  2  dx d)  ( x 2  4 x  4)( x 2  4 x  5) dx
6. ipoveT integrali trigonometriuli funqciebidan
5 6 4
a)  cos xdx b)  sin 5 x cos xdx g)  sin xdx d)  cos x sin 2 xdx
2
e)  cos 3 x sin 3 2 xdx v)  cos x cos 2 x cos 3 xdx
5. gamoTvaleT f funqciis darbus zeda da qveda integraluri
jamebi miTiTebuli Sualedis n tol nawilad danawilebis SemTxvevaSi.
ganixileT SemTxvevebi: 1) n  2 ; 2) n  3 ; 3) n  4 ; 4) n  5 .
1. a) f ( x)  x , x  [1;2] ; b) f ( x)  2 x  1 , x  [0;5] ;
g) f ( x)  3 x  2 , x  [1;4] ; d) f ( x )   x  4 , x  [2;3] .
2 2
2. a) f ( x)  x , x  [1;2] ; b) f ( x)  2 x  1 , x  [3;0] ;
g) f ( x)  x 2  2 x , x  [2;3] ; d) f ( x)   x 2  x , x  [0;2] .

6. CawereT f funqciis darbus zeda da qveda integraluri jamebi

miTiTebuli Sualedis n tol nawilad danawilebis SemTxvevaSi:
1. a) f ( x)  x  1 , x  [2;3] ; b) f ( x)  2 x  1 , x  [3;0] ;
1 1
g) f ( x)  x  2 , x  [2;2] ; d) f ( x)   x  , x  [0;6]
4 2
2 2
2. a) f ( x)  x  1 , x  [1;3] ; b) f ( x)  x  4 x , x  [2;3] ;
g) f ( x)  x  2 , x  [0;1] ; d) f ( x)  x 3  1 , x  [2;3] .

7. gamoTvaleT f funqciis rimanis integraluri jamebi miTiTebuli

Sualedis n tol nawilad danawilebis gziT. ci (i  0,1,2,..., n  1) argumentis
mniSvnelobebad aarCieT danawilebis Sualedebis Suawertilebi.
ganixileT SemTxvevebi: 1) n  2 ; 2) n  3 ; 3) n  4 ; 4) n  5 .
1. a) f ( x)  x  1 , x  [1;3] ; b) f ( x )  3 x  2 , x  [2;3] ;
1
g) f ( x )   x  2 , x  [1;2] ; d) f ( x)  x  2 , x  [0;4] .
2
2
2. a) f ( x)  x , x  [0;2] ; b) f ( x)  x 2  2 x , x  [2;3] ;
g) f ( x)   x 2  1 , x  [3;1] ; d) f ( x)  x 3 , x  [0;1] .

8. gamoTvaleT gansazRvruli integrali, rogorc rimanis integraluri

jamebis zRvari. amisaTvis miTiTebuli Sualedi daanawileT n tol
nawilad da ci (i  0,1,2,..., n  1) argumentis mniSvnelobebad aarCieT
danawilebis Sualedebis Suawertilebi:
1 2
a)  ( x  3)dx ; b)  (4 x  3)dx ;
1 0
2 2
2 2
g)  x dx ; d)  (x  2 x)dx .
1 1

9. gamoTvaleT gansazRvruli integrali:

2 8
2 3
1. a)  ( x  2 x  3)dx ; b) ( x  2 x  1)dx ;
1 1
 3
1
g)  (3 cos x  2 sin x)dx ; d)  1 x 2
dx .
0 1
2 4
2. a)  1  x dx ; b)  x  3 dx ;
0 2
1 1
g)  ( x  2 x)dx ; d)  ( x x  1)dx .
1 2
 ln 2 
x
3. a)  xe dx ; b)  x sin xdx ;
0 0
 e
g)  x cos x dx ; d)  ln x dx .
 1
3 e
2
10. gamoTvaleT  f ( x)dx , Tu:
1

 x2 ,  1  x  0,  2x ,  1  x  0,
 
a) f ( x)   2 x  1, 0  x  1, ; b) f ( x)  2 x  3, 0  x  1, ;
 x 3  3, 1  x  2.  x 2  1, 1  x  2.
 
 x,  1  x  0,  3 x ,  1  x  0,
 x 
g) f ( x)   e , 0  x  1, ; d) f ( x)   3 x , 0  x  1, .
 x  3, 1  x  2. 4 x , 1  x  2.
 
11. gamoTvaleT im figuris farTobi, romelic SemosazRvrulia wirebiT:
1. a) y  x, y  0 , x  1 , x  3;
3
b) y  x , y  0 , x  1 , x  2;
g)y   x 4 , y  0 , x  1, x  2;
x
d)y  e , y  0, x  0, x  ln 5 .
2. a)xy  4 y  0 , x  1 , x  3;
b)y  sin x , y  0 , 0  x   ;
g) y  2 x , y  2 x  x 2 , x  0 , x  2 ;
d) y  e  x , y  0 , x  1 , x  2 ;
3. a) y  x 2 , y3 x;
b) y   x 2 , y  x 2  2x ;
g) y  6 x  x 2 , y  0 ;
5
d) y  , y  6  x .
x
4. a) y  2 x  1 , y  0 ,  1  x  4 ;
b) y  x 3 , y  0 ,  1  x  2 ;
g) y  2 x  x 2 , y  0 , 1  x  4 ;
5 
d) y  sin x , y  0 ,  x .
6 4
5. a) y | x  1 | , y  3 | x |
b) y | lg x | , y  0, x  0,1 , x  10 ;
g) y  x , y  x  sin 2 x 0  x   ;
d) ax  y 2 , ay  x 2 .
dF ( x)
12.ipoveT warmoebuli , Tu
dx
 x x2 cos x
a) F ( x)   sin(t )dt 2
b) F ( x)   sin( t 2 )dt g) F ( x)   sin( t
2
)dt d)
0 0 0
x2 x2 cos x
2 1 2
F ( x)   1  t dt e) F ( x)   dt v) F ( x)   cos(t )dt
4
0 0 1 t 0
13. ipoveT zRvrebi
x x
2 2
 cos t
0
dt  (arctgt)
0
dt
a) lim ; b) lim ;
x 0 x x  
1 x2
2
 x t2  x
2
  e dt  2 x  e t dt
 
g) lim  0x  ; d) lim 0
2
.
x  
2t 2
x 
ex
 e dt 0
14. integraluri niSnis gamoyenebiT daadgineT ricxviT mwkrivTa
krebadobis xasiaTi

1 
1 
1 
arctgn 
e arctgn
a)  b)  2
g)  1/ 2
d)  2
e)  2
n 2 n ln n n 2 n ln n n 2 n ln n n 2 1  n n 2 1  n

1 
n 2  2n 
e1 / n 
 n 
v)  2 2/3
n  2 (1  n )
z)  2
n  2 1  3n  n
3
T) 
n 2 n
2
i) 
n 2
ln 
1  n 
