HISTORY AND SYSTEMS OF PSYCHOLOGY (PSY502)

ASSIGNMENT No. 01
Due date: 13-Nov-2023 Marks: 20

Note: Each correct identification is worth 2 marks and each example is worth 3 marks, totaling 20 marks.
(5×4=20)
Figures, concepts or terms Identification Examples
(2*4) (3*4)
The concept suggesting Tabula Rasa
the mind as a blank slate 1. Birth of a Child: The birth of a newborn brings with
at birth. it a clean slate, a tabula rasa with no preconceived
knowledge. As the little one takes in the world
around them, their mind becomes a canvas, being
painted with impressions and learnings.
2. Riding a Bicycle: Stepping onto a bicycle for the
first time, a child is a blank slate, with no prior
exposure or understanding of how to ride it. As they
ride and practice, their balancing and pedaling skills
are formed and molded.
3. Entering in a School: like a fresh canvas, a child's
mind starts anew as they enter school for the first
time. With each new subject and idea presented,
their understanding and knowledge grow, shaped
by the lessons and experiences provided in the
classroom.
4. Making a New Dish: When cooking a new recipe,
one starts with a clean slate, with no previous
knowledge about the dish. As they follow the recipe
and try new techniques, their understanding and
skills develop, creating a masterpiece in the
kitchen.
The process by which the
mind Association of 1. Coffee and Wakefulness: As humans, we are
connects and Ideas creatures of habit. If we consistently drink a cup of
associates’ ideas coffee before diving into our work, our mind forms a
together. strong association between the smell and taste of
the coffee and the alertness and energy it provides
us with. It's like a signal to our brain that it's time to
wake up and get to work.
2. Ringtone and Incoming Call: Our phones have
become an essential part of our lives. And with that,
comes the familiar sound of a specific ringtone.
When we hear that distinct ring, our mind
immediately associates it with an incoming call. It's
a learned response that has been strengthened
over time through repeated experiences of
receiving calls with that same ringtone.
Figures, concepts or terms Identification Examples
(2*4) (3*4)
3. Rain and Umbrella: As we see or hear the rain
coming down, our automatic response is to grab an
umbrella. Our mind has formed an association
between the sound or sight of rain and the having
umbrella when pouring.
4. School Bell and Recess:
In the School, the sound of the bell is associated
with the upcoming recess or lunch break or change
of period. Students quickly learn to anticipate and
feel excited when they hear the bell signaling a
break or change. This sound associates change.

The idea that all human Mechanical

feelings and emotions view of Human 1. Laughing: The human brain is a complex system
that responds to a wide range of stimuli. When
are functions of the Beings
presented with something funny, the brain goes into
human machine. “Mechanical
action, processing the information and releasing
materialism,”
chemicals like dopamine. These powerful
neurotransmitters ignite a chain reaction of muscle
contractions, particularly in the face, causing us to
burst into laughter. The catalyst for this joyful
outburst could be anything from a hilarious joke to a
comedic TV show. But it's the external stimulus of
humor that sets off the intricate mechanical process
of laughter.
2. Crying: In moments of emotional distress, our
bodies have a unique response. As stress
hormones flood the brain, they impact the area
responsible for our emotions. This manifests in an
increase of tear production, a physiological reaction
to the strong emotions we are experiencing. The
external stimulus in this scenario is the stressful
situation or emotional experience that triggers the
mechanical response of crying. It's an innate
mechanism that helps us release and cope with
overwhelming feelings.

The concept that Empiricism 1. Hot Stove: When we touch a hot stove and feel
knowledge is pain, that sensory experience (touch and pain) is
acquired through empirical evidence that the stove is hot. This can
experiences. be learnt through direct observation and physical
sensation.
2. Tasting Food: When you eat something new and
taste its flavor, your knowledge of that taste comes
from the empirical experience of actually trying it,
rather than relying on abstract ideas about how it
might taste.
3. Seeing a Rainbow: Observing a rainbow after a
rain shower is an empirical experience. You see the
colors in the sky through your senses, providing
evidence for the existence of the rainbow.
Figures, concepts or terms Identification Examples
(2*4) (3*4)
4. Weight of Objects: If you lift two objects of
different weights, your sense of touch and muscle
effort gives you empirical knowledge about their
weights. You don't need a theory; you directly
perceive the difference.
5. Sunset: Watching the sun set and observing the
changing colors in the sky is an empirical
experience. Your senses provide information about
the world around you.