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Chương 1. MA TRẬN. ĐỊNH THỨC
Chương 1. MA TRẬN. ĐỊNH THỨC
so
Fai tryis tile
chong 1.
- S
OC
↑
--
5:
1... MA TRA
I
ar one Mrg... Now
Amxn =
Azt are des ...
daw =
[dij] mxn
I I
8 214 -
A = O 00n 0
0 0 0 0 0
I
j 0 O O 8
I
O O O O O
A = O O O 0 O
O O O O O
1.1. 4. Ma tean
caring x034-
-
so'dong = stcot 0 -
200
A4 = 1205
-
3213.
Doing Cheo & O 3
Dong his phu
I I
* 4
r
A4 0 a0
of
-
cheo
1 20
towing
13 5
-
* Cac not
using a list 100
-
Ma tean A duos: 2 0 O
113
Matean A teen:1 3 4
O 2 5
O O 8
100
-
Matean Ches:
02 0
O 07
l O O
down Eg
Matean
-
an
on, =
O l O
O 8 1
1.2. CACPHEP T AN
as I
123
I I
2 3
uD: H
als
=
uB =
312
I
I I
31
I -aI
312 1
A = l I => AT = l l 2
12 3x4 2 -
23
8 I 4
4x3
1.2.3.
song hai
I
ma tean (chithi cng cap
(ai) mxn
A Caj]mxn ->C A+ B(
(Csij-dij +bij
=
= =
B =
(bij] mxn
1.2. 4. Ahan hai ma tean
A =
[ajj] mxn
B (bij7
=
nxp
Eicho A va B lac = A.B
racij=dubi +
aizbej +... +
anbuj
-
x = 1
Gikbbj
Ghiwho
Doing i Sail, aiz..., ain]
you
Coit;
doing on B
()
up:
A (io- ax),
=
b =
3x2
5 on 1.1
+ 2.0 4.1 5;23 1.1 0.8 ( 1).1 0
0i
+ =
+ + - =
1]
= =
CA.B
=
=
2x2 22 1.1+
=
2.1 + 4.0 3j(4
=
= 1.1 + 0.1 + 0.(1) 1
=
(,oxs
dx 1.1
=
+ 1.1 =
=
= =
=
x B.A
=
=
dye 1.2= + 1.0 =
2;d22 0.2
=
+ 1.0 0idxz
=
= 1.2+ 1.0 2 =
d13 1.4
= + 1.(-1) 3;d2
=
=
0.4 + 1.(1) =
-
jdss 1.4 + 0(
= -
1) 4=
111).
up: sho B = Cam A det A.B = B.A
BA(s(ab)x() (1)x/ab
AB = =
&
↑a atab) [atebedin
[]
C
=
I b+d*9
0 0
z(c
c
=
[F)
a b da d b
+ =
=
-
(dbb] thy
=> A = b.d
#
= an
ce-acan
-
Agche's chich
up: Eith
a) Ae = 4 l b, Ac a
=
b
62 cd
- 4.2 6 -
= 2 = ad- bc
As = l 3 613 3.12
=
+ 2.6.2 + 4.5 -
2.3.4 -
5.6 -
9.12
2 51223 = 36 + 24 + 20 -
24 -
38 -
24 56 = -
54 = 2
be l 3413
+
= - -
=
271527 60
=
+ 48 + 98 -
32 -
56 -
45 3
=
An = det(A) no A =
(aij]nxn
Dis la ohic capn-1 co'duoc ti An
r
=
cacbodong : va ctj (i 1,n; j 1,n)
= =
UD: I 2 3 Dn 34
= -
10 An (1)Dn N
=
=
Ag = 134 5 10 Az (
=
-
1)( 2(12 =
-
25 10 Dre 14 =
= 2
288
the
* Khai trien In
doing i
An = di(1)'* Din + dic(-1)"*Dist... + din(-1)"+hDin
=
i
,dix (1)"*Dik =
hair Al 1
anj(1)" Dnj
-
An aj(-1)'Di
=
+
dx( 1) -
Dej +... +
iay( 1)Dj
+
=
-
up: Eith
a 1000
A4 = 1234 = 1( -
1123 Du 23423
-
=
x.2.4
= + 3.3.1 + 4.1.3 -
1.2.4 -
3.3.2-3.4
12312
1 134 16
=
+ 9 + 12 -
8 -
18 -
12 25=
+ 4 -
30 =- 1
13413
b l 0 0 0 111 11
Ap = r ell = 1.(-1)1+Dn Dx =
= 12312 12+ 3+ 2-2-6-6
=
1123 12612 3
=
l 126
b
det (AT)
-
=] => det(A)
a
=
A det(AT ad b
=
=
= -
UD:
a b
A =
a b -> det (A) = ab-ab 0 =
c d cd
bette be
of al
up: antac by a
c d c d
Ching much
up:
song:
a as a2 a a, de
b by br b
-
be be
ax
by +c
up+byy +cacx bey + + C 4
+
C2
a an ac a d, as a a, da
-
VT b
=
as ad aza by by key a
a re
xbb,b)
a a ac
an de d, a a, de
= +
ybbb, + b be be
a an de b by be & 22
+aI al th
x.0 YP
+
y.8 d. A2
at
= =
b be be
2 C Ce
Khie:
*
1 dj(v(>(j)
dic
eldi((x)(k 0) +
3 Idi + dj((x +
cj)
#T5: d drz... On an 0 0 . . .
O
0... O
dee dze...
=
audre... and dee 02c andez.... and
dan
=
. . . . . . . .
A5 = 1 & a x x c=((y + cx +
cy + c) + c
T a +44 a an a
x xa a n a +
4d a a a d
x 12 a x a 41axa
+
x
xx x R d a 41
+
x xc a
1 xx R l
xxuv
i x
- a+ 4x 1 a R xn
-
dx+ d2,5
- a+ 4x8 a -
a00 (a+ +x)(a x)4
= -
I a a a d O 0a x00 -
l a x a x O 00a a8 -
1 a x x a O 0 0 0 a -
d
JD: Einh:
a +
2022 x x xd a x x x d 2022 aa ax
A5 = f a x x x - x a x xn
+
x a ax d
x t a x x xxa x x a s a x x
a x xd
1+1
- (a+ 4a)(a n)" - + 20x2( 1) -
x a a a
xa a x
x a as a
Nocap5-cap
-
4-body, or
-
(a + 4x)(a- a)" + 2022 at 3x a a Ch
a+3xa x U
a+ 3xna d
a 3xa
+
a d
= (a+ 4x)(a x) + -
2022. (a+3n) 1n a s
1 a a d
In a n
1 a a d
- (a+ 4a)(a -
a) + 20x2(a + 3a) 1 a a d
0 a a0-
0 O a -
a8
8 j & a -
-
(a+ 4x)(a a)+ +
-
20xa(a+ 3n)(a x)s -
1.3. MATRAN NGHICH #AO
A, AN
A hha
nglch (Whadao) noitB= (bij]nxn saw cho AB-BA- En
if the
NX: Ma
tanglich do
day what.
Gia s:
*
- CA= AC = En
Gai: CoB =
BEn =B(En) = BCAB) = AB.C =
EnC = C
A 10;B 18
= =
0 E
Ching mink Fan B la nt
nglich saw a A.
Gidi:
AB
(%%/o t
= =
1.)(i) C)
BA = =
saving
minhng
up:
fy ughich
t wh
AB #BA
K Wha
nghich E
I AB+ En
BAF EN
ai+B
(63)
=
= xB
7%%5
=
Il
(betbo batba) Ec
-> = 0 = 0
=
=>
A En
=> A l
Changluc
b. Dinh ly when ithu
"
MQ:
=> det (AY = det(A)
det (B) 2
=
as det (AB) = 6
c, AK cai vaisde"->ughich L
car
K1:
&
A hha
nglich det(A) +0 a
AE 1 A
1A
A =
An Azn... Ann.
Aij = (-1)"*Dij l otthic to act det (A) baring each
bodoing ivat coitj
waA (kg) = = A
()
=
+
oF A
= =
(M Ie H=CID=PTEITHER
A =
=
9Ax
= A = =
-
dx = -
4
Arz = Dee 1=
123
b, AY f 1
A 136 A A
fA F
= =
det(A).
=> =
=
=
1 23
2510
136
2518
A Lab
=
A-
=
d, PP kien so
do cap settin A-l
B1. Viet CAlEn]
B2.
Dung cacphap boos so cap dua [AlEn) nCEnIB]
B3. A B
=
hi +
dj(l cj) +
2513
Criai 1 23100
[ AlEn] = 139010
25138 0 1
3100
j
1 a
-
dit de 016 -
+18
-
-
d-dz+dg 001 -
1 -
18
3dg +de
(01057-5
-
l 2043-3
7
-
6dg+de
08 1 18
1
- -
d1x
I
-
adz + 1 O 0 -
6 -
119
g l 0 57 -
6
0 O l -
I -
11
I
(EzIB]
=>
=> A" = B =
-
6- 119
57 -
6
-
-
11
+C: Net A bhanghich this cac not sau Shanghich: AT, AT, AM, kA(k+0
(A 1)
-
=
= A
(AT) (A 1)
= - T
=
(AM) (A ym
-
(hA)-Y 1.A-
=
+C: A, B
lhanglich this A.B
cng Khughich
(A.B)" A"B- =
l 23
I I 1 36
45
L
-
12
Giai: X= A "B
F.B
=
15
-
An Aen Ast 0 -
53 18 1 -
H.AnAxAxz.B 2a + 12 25
=
=
=
As Ace Ass -
1 -
112 -
1 0 -
3
1 i>icx... in M
1 <j -
jc) ...
Ejx<m
Athic and rail of then glotthic
not
moving captoo boik
doing con
capk not A
and
KH:
picca..or
MD: l 234
A = 1 34 5
25 79 -
13
is a comic son
caps: (co'Catcow cap 3)
Dc=123 123
134
-
d-dz +
ds) +34
=
8
257 00 0
*
Dinhughia: Hangai ma tian Al cap car what i cacat con to a not do
0LeCA)
=>
Imin <m, n3
UD: Em r(A)
A = 12
13-
Co'Di 1
=
= r(A)),1
Di =12 1ze(A)
= 2
=
1 3
L I
12
l
A =
123
235
3
Di 1
=
= r(A)x1
1 11
=
1
=
= r(A)x2r(t) 2 =
12
Disag
Einh chat:
+-v(AY) r(A) =
- Cac phep boot so cap ne'doing, scothe lain they or hang di ma tan.
+ A,Bla mt
ruing capn.r(A) + r(B) =w + r(AB) r(A) <n(> (A) = 0
UD: Ein mder(A) = 3
me l
A 1
=
m l
1 1 M
m + 1 m 2
+
11 118 1 11
-
(A) 1m1
=
m+
=
2m1 (m
=
+ 2)1m1 (m+ 2)0m
=
-
10 (m+ 2)(m 1)
=
-
1+m m 2
+
1 M 1 1 M 00m 1 -
r(A)
"
= 3 () det (A) tO (>(m+ 2)(m -
1) FO
SotetO ESMTe
E)
·
1
-
A0
=
1 3 =>
r(A) = 2
08 O
l 13
B 012
= r(B)
= 3
=
0 0 4-
123
C 000
=
=r(c) 1
=
0 0 0
*
Highly Hang a not dang bac-thang=so'dong that 0 and not do
dic=> dj
ledi (k+ 03
Idi+dj
Si
dung cac plep lien too so cap redoing did not Avenot
dang bat thing whidor(A) = r(B) =
so'dong Whac 0
and not B
UD: Erin nCA)
as 123 l 23
dx +dz
A 1 34 011
-
=
> B
=
d-dc+ de
257 O 0 O
=>
r(A) r(B) =
2
=
b 12 3 4 l 2 34
dx+de
A 1 345 O I I 1 B
-
de-dc+d3
=
=
2579 O 8 08
r(A) r(B)
=>
= 2
=
M: Tim r(A)
l 2 3 4 l 234
-
detde
A1 3 4 6 O 112
d-dc+de
=
257m O 0 0 m -
= 2
2022
11
UD: Cho
I M
②im i te"
hang a mot A =2
Cridi: 2022
l l
2022
1Al = - (m 1)
-
1 m
Ali mt
wong cap 2(>r(A) =2Ex (Al tO E m 1 + 0
-
Em#1