phain.

so
Fai tryis tile
chong 1.
- S

OC
↑

--
5:

1... MA TRA

1. 1. 1. Cac that niem.

I
ar one Mrg... Now
Amxn =
Azt are des ...
daw =
[dij] mxn

Amy am2 ams... amn

m:
doing
u: cot

dij la- phain to

doing i, cotj
1.1. 2. Matean lead thang
2613 8

I I
8 214 -

A = O 00n 0

0 0 0 0 0

1.1.3. Na tan khoing

I
j 0 O O 8

I
O O O O O

A = O O O 0 O

O O O O O

1.1. 4. Ma tean
caring x034-
-

so'dong = stcot 0 -
200

A4 = 1205

-
3213.
 Doing Cheo & O 3
Dong his phu

I I
* 4
r

A4 0 a0

of
-

cheo
1 20
towing
13 5
-

* Cac not
using a list 100
-
Ma tean A duos: 2 0 O

113

Matean A teen:1 3 4

O 2 5

O O 8

100
-

Matean Ches:
02 0

O 07

l O O
down Eg
Matean
-
an
on, =

O l O

O 8 1

1.2. CACPHEP T AN

1.2.1. Hai not being when

A =(aij]mxn, B (dij)
= mxn = A Bax
=

a bij(i 1,m,j 1,n)

= =
=

as I
123

I I
2 3

uD: H
als
=
uB =

312
I

1.2.2. Ma tean chugen or

I I
31

I -aI
312 1

A = l I => AT = l l 2

12 3x4 2 -
23

8 I 4
4x3

1.2.3.
song hai
I
ma tean (chithi cng cap
(ai) mxn
A Caj]mxn ->C A+ B(
(Csij-dij +bij
=

= =

B =
(bij] mxn
 1.2. 4. Ahan hai ma tean
A =
[ajj] mxn

B (bij7
=

nxp
Eicho A va B lac = A.B

racij=dubi +
aizbej +... +
anbuj
-

x = 1
Gikbbj

Ghiwho
Doing i Sail, aiz..., ain]

you
Coit;

Division etch A.B: FA,B saw cho so'cot and A =

doing on B

()
up:

A (io- ax),
=

b =
3x2

5 on 1.1
+ 2.0 4.1 5;23 1.1 0.8 ( 1).1 0

0i
+ =
+ + - =

1]
= =

CA.B
=
=

2x2 22 1.1+
=
2.1 + 4.0 3j(4
=
= 1.1 + 0.1 + 0.(1) 1
=

22 2jdx 0.1+ 1.1 1;dx 1.1+ 0.1 1

(,oxs
dx 1.1
=
+ 1.1 =
=
= =
=

x B.A
=
=
dye 1.2= + 1.0 =

2;d22 0.2
=
+ 1.0 0idxz
=

= 1.2+ 1.0 2 =

d13 1.4
= + 1.(-1) 3;d2
=
=
0.4 + 1.(1) =
-

jdss 1.4 + 0(
= -
1) 4=

Chui y' Grong to. Rop Fc A.B ra B. A

whing cluia charching to bring when

111).
up: sho B = Cam A det A.B = B.A

BA(s(ab)x() (1)x/ab
AB = =

&

↑a atab) [atebedin
[]

C
=

I b+d*9
0 0

z(c
c
=

[F)

a b da d b
+ =
=
-

(dbb] thy
=> A = b.d
 #

INH THUC CHAMA TRAM

A =
Caj]mxn; An detCA)
=

* Dash this cap 1: A [a] = ->

An det(A)
=

= an

* Dinh this cap.2: of thephe

A- LoaAc = det(A) = a =

ce-acan
-

Agche's chich
up: Eith
a) Ae = 4 l b, Ac a
=
b

62 cd

- 4.2 6 -
= 2 = ad- bc

* Dinh thus cap 3:

On Me as an are des on one
·
ig ches chinch
A= dee dcc dcs As
=> = det(A) = My are des Oz Are ·otgcheo phu
93+ Ose Ass as 932 Ass ds Use

and21A3s+ AredezAsy +ArsderOse- a31O2eN13 9se9239n- 933921912

=>
-

JD: Einh ca othe

as l 2 412

As = l 3 613 3.12
=

+ 2.6.2 + 4.5 -

2.3.4 -
5.6 -

9.12

2 51223 = 36 + 24 + 20 -
24 -
38 -

24 56 = -

54 = 2

be l 3413

As 14814 4.15 3.8.2 + 4.7 2.4.4 7.8 15.3

-

+
= - -
=

271527 60
=
+ 48 + 98 -
32 -
56 -

45 3
=

* Hish this cap n

An = det(A) no A =
(aij]nxn
Dis la ohic capn-1 co'duoc ti An
r
=
cacbodong : va ctj (i 1,n; j 1,n)
= =

Aij =(-1) Dij goi l phain phu aso'a dis

UD: I 2 3 Dn 34
= -

10 An (1)Dn N
=
=

Ag = 134 5 10 Az (
=
-
1)( 2(12 =
-

25 10 Dre 14 =
= 2

288
 the
* Khai trien In
doing i
An = di(1)'* Din + dic(-1)"*Dist... + din(-1)"+hDin
=

i
,dix (1)"*Dik =
hair Al 1

* Khai trei An the cotj

anj(1)" Dnj
-
An aj(-1)'Di
=
+
dx( 1) -

Dej +... +

iay( 1)Dj
+
=
-

up: Eith
a 1000

A4 = 1234 = 1( -

1)"Dx + 0(-1)(2Dx + 0( 1)( 3D1

-
+ 0( 1) *D+4
-

1123 Du 23423
-
=
x.2.4
= + 3.3.1 + 4.1.3 -
1.2.4 -

3.3.2-3.4
12312
1 134 16
=
+ 9 + 12 -

8 -

18 -

12 25=
+ 4 -

30 =- 1
13413

b l 0 0 0 111 11

Ap = r ell = 1.(-1)1+Dn Dx =
= 12312 12+ 3+ 2-2-6-6
=

1123 12612 3
=

l 126

Shesy: Cong this I was a

chophop changeic soies tach othic caps otik otthic capn-1, Chaysic tick
in ofthe
attic qua tech toa trips the chooters think this caps vae.
-

cap n-1 set capn-2, ...

Cac that a thic

*

#T1: det (AT) det(A) =

Hequa: catchat an othic weis

string who doing the
cring dung who cot
UD):
ab
1,
det(A) =
ad
=

b
det (AT)
-

=] => det(A)
a
=

A det(AT ad b
=
=
= -

T2: Doi Cho &

doing who when the sink this doidhor>Hequa: Athc co'2 doing giving whan thi=
mink:
Ching
Giani An codi = dj (i + j)
Andizdi-An = 21n = 0

UD:
a b

A =
a b -> det (A) = ab-ab 0 =

when this dia when the

chunga
#T3: Nei otthic so the
chung otthc dioc<HQ: (i)Athiccoldog=s0'0 thi =
(ii) Athe co's dog
tileusual in
 up: ha kb = ha b

c d cd

la the tach civic thank

AT4: Net othic so'I
doing toing doing the toing air a other

bette be
of al
up: antac by a

c d c d

Ching much
up:
song:
a as a2 a a, de

b by br b
-

be be
ax
by +c
up+byy +cacx bey + + C 4
+

C2

a an ac a d, as a a, da
-
VT b
=

bebz + bbbc + bby be

as ad aza by by key a
a re

xbb,b)
a a ac
an de d, a a, de

= +
ybbb, + b be be
a an de b by be & 22

(theo #T2 this not

co'ddgooing when thi 0 =

+aI al th
x.0 YP
+
y.8 d. A2

at
= =

b be be
2 C Ce

Khie:
*

1 dj(v(>(j)
dic

eldi((x)(k 0) +

3 Idi + dj((x +
cj)

#T5: d drz... On an 0 0 . . .
O

0... O
dee dze...
=
audre... and dee 02c andez.... and
dan
=

. . . . . . . .

CUR any one.... and

UD: Einh thuc

a I f x x a+ 4x f xxx

A5 = 1 & a x x c=((y + cx +
cy + c) + c
T a +44 a an a

x xa a n a +
4d a a a d

x 12 a x a 41axa
+
x

xx x R d a 41
+

x xc a
 1 xx R l

xxuv
i x

- a+ 4x 1 a R xn
-

dx+ d2,5
- a+ 4x8 a -
a00 (a+ +x)(a x)4
= -

I a a a d O 0a x00 -

l a x a x O 00a a8 -

1 a x x a O 0 0 0 a -
d

JD: Einh:
a +

2022 x x xd a x x x d 2022 aa ax

A5 = f a x x x - x a x xn
+
x a ax d

x t a x x xxa x x a s a x x

& th x a a xxxax axxax

x x x xch xxxxc xxxx d

a x xd
1+1
- (a+ 4a)(a n)" - + 20x2( 1) -

x a a a

xa a x

x a as a

Nocap5-cap
-
4-body, or

-
(a + 4x)(a- a)" + 2022 at 3x a a Ch

a+3xa x U

a+ 3xna d

a 3xa
+
a d

= (a+ 4x)(a x) + -
2022. (a+3n) 1n a s

1 a a d

In a n

1 a a d

- (a+ 4a)(a -

a) + 20x2(a + 3a) 1 a a d

0 a a0-

0 O a -
a8

8 j & a -

-
(a+ 4x)(a a)+ +
-
20xa(a+ 3n)(a x)s -
 1.3. MATRAN NGHICH #AO
A, AN

A hha
nglch (Whadao) noitB= (bij]nxn saw cho AB-BA- En

if the
NX: Ma
tanglich do
day what.
Gia s:
*

Beatitanngluchdar and Eching

A munb
sense

- CA= AC = En

Gai: CoB =
BEn =B(En) = BCAB) = AB.C =
EnC = C

Khido', KH: A" (B" A)

ngta B
=>
=
=

Up: Cho intran

A 10;B 18
= =

0 E
Ching mink Fan B la nt
nglich saw a A.

Gidi:
AB
(%%/o t
= =

1.)(i) C)
BA = =

=> AB = BA - Bla mt nghich dao on A

saving
minhng
up:

fy ughich
t wh

AB #BA

K Wha
nghich E
I AB+ En

BAF EN

ai+B
(63)
=

= xB
7%%5
=

Il
(betbo batba) Ec
-> = 0 = 0
=

=>
A En
=> A l
Changluc
 b. Dinh ly when ithu

A,Bcmatian wrong to casphicK: math (R)

=> det (AB) det (A). def(B)
=

"

MQ:
=> det (AY = det(A)

UD: Cho A, BE mats (R)

det(A) = 3

det (B) 2
=

as det (AB) = 6

b, det (ABS) 9.0 =

= 72

↳ det (2AB) 2.3.2 =

= 0.6 =
48

Chinbo Me A la not mong cap in this det(kA) = h".det (A)

c, AK cai vaisde"->ughich L
car
K1:
&
A hha
nglich det(A) +0 a

AE 1 A
1A

A =

Ann Aer... Ann =

(Ai]nxm: ma tian plaihop ma A

An Azn... Ann.
Aij = (-1)"*Dij l otthic to act det (A) baring each
bodoing ivat coitj

waA (kg) = = A
()
=
+
oF A
= =

(M Ie H=CID=PTEITHER
A =

=
9Ax
= A = =
-

dx = -
4

Arz = Dee 1=

123

b, AY f 1
A 136 A A
fA F
= =

det(A).
=> =
=
=

1 23
2510
136
2518

A Lab
=
A-
=
d, PP kien so
do cap settin A-l
B1. Viet CAlEn]
B2.
Dung cacphap boos so cap dua [AlEn) nCEnIB]
B3. A B
=

Hoan vi diExdj (ci<cj)

kdi(kx(i)(k 0) +

hi +
dj(l cj) +

UD: Ci A "cA= 125

139

2513

Criai 1 23100

[ AlEn] = 139010

25138 0 1

3100

j
1 a

-
dit de 016 -

+18
-
-

d-dz+dg 001 -

1 -

18

3dg +de

(01057-5
-

l 2043-3
7
-

6dg+de
08 1 18
1
- -

d1x

I
-
adz + 1 O 0 -
6 -

119

g l 0 57 -
6

0 O l -

I -

11

I
(EzIB]
=>
=> A" = B =
-
6- 119

57 -
6

-
-

11

e. tig dung on not ughich do

Dinhly': Ne A bhanglich this cacpt son to no day what
AX
* = BES X= A"B
XA
* =
BEX = B.A
A Cih hat on nghich day
mt

+C: Net A bhanghich this cac not sau Shanghich: AT, AT, AM, kA(k+0
(A 1)
-
=
= A

(AT) (A 1)
= - T
=

(AM) (A ym
-

(hA)-Y 1.A-
=

+C: A, B
lhanglich this A.B
cng Khughich
(A.B)" A"B- =

l 23

UD: Grin X de AX=Bra A =

I I 1 36

45
L
-

12

Giai: X= A "B

F.B
=

15
-

An Aen Ast 0 -
53 18 1 -

H.AnAxAxz.B 2a + 12 25
=
=
=

As Ace Ass -

1 -
112 -

1 0 -
3

1.4. HANG CHA MATRAN

A =
Caj]mxn
C1>k > min <m, n3 (
* kN: Athic con caph on A

1 i>icx... in M
1 <j -
jc) ...

Ejx<m
Athic and rail of then glotthic
not
moving captoo boik
doing con
capk not A
and

KH:

picca..or
MD: l 234

A = 1 34 5

25 79 -

+ Caco: othic concap 1: D,, Di, Di, . .

+ Caco: othic concep2: Di = 1x 1

=

13
is a comic son
caps: (co'Catcow cap 3)

Dc=123 123

134
-
d-dz +
ds) +34
=
8

257 00 0

Guing the Dis =

0, Di 0,Pxs =
234
= 0

* Dinh by: Necac it con

cap he end A = 0 the moi t cap cao hon hang = 0

*
Dinhughia: Hangai ma tian Al cap car what i cacat con to a not do

KH: eCA) viittt en rank (A)

Quy note: camtO r(t) 0

Hang 0
=
=
=

0LeCA)
=>

Imin <m, n3

JD: Xet mt A0VDI, tim

hang c mt

Giai: Viatoon cap 3 and mt A = 0 => r(A) 2

=

UD: Em r(A)

A = 12

13-

Co'Di 1
=
= r(A)),1

Di =12 1ze(A)
= 2
=

1 3

L I
12
l

A =
123

235

3
Di 1
=
= r(A)x1

1 11
=
1
=

= r(A)x2r(t) 2 =

12

Disag

Einh chat:
+-v(AY) r(A) =

- Cac phep boot so cap ne'doing, scothe lain they or hang di ma tan.

+r(A + B)(r(A) + r(B)

+ r(AB) r(A);r(AB) r(B) + A = Cajj]nxn: r(A) N(>

=
(A) 0
=

+ A,Bla mt
ruing capn.r(A) + r(B) =w + r(AB) r(A) <n(> (A) = 0
 UD: Ein mder(A) = 3

me l

A 1
=

m l

1 1 M

m + 1 m 2
+
11 118 1 11
-
(A) 1m1
=
m+
=
2m1 (m
=
+ 2)1m1 (m+ 2)0m
=
-
10 (m+ 2)(m 1)
=
-

1+m m 2
+
1 M 1 1 M 00m 1 -

r(A)
"
= 3 () det (A) tO (>(m+ 2)(m -
1) FO

SotetO ESMTe
E)

PP Lien do socap hang on

tim it

* kN: Hai not

dang bac thang
-
Ma tean dang lac
- thang the man a that
(i) Cacdong 0 (neico) luon main duo cac doing that
(ii) Ohai doing to bemass, pto dtain then doing tien hon nai vepluce been tea t chia pt+0
dair ten on doing door (this to tich the tax quaphai
AD:

·
1
-

A0
=

1 3 =>
r(A) = 2

08 O

l 13

B 012
= r(B)
= 3
=

0 0 4-

123

C 000
=
=r(c) 1
=

0 0 0

*
Highly Hang a not dang bac-thang=so'dong that 0 and not do

* PP diendo so cap time r(A)

dic=> dj
ledi (k+ 03

Idi+dj
Si
dung cac plep lien too so cap redoing did not Avenot
dang bat thing whidor(A) = r(B) =
so'dong Whac 0

and not B
UD: Erin nCA)

as 123 l 23

dx +dz
A 1 34 011
-

=
> B
=

d-dc+ de
257 O 0 O

=>
r(A) r(B) =
2
=

b 12 3 4 l 2 34

dx+de
A 1 345 O I I 1 B
-

de-dc+d3
=
=

2579 O 8 08

r(A) r(B)
=>
= 2
=

M: Tim r(A)

l 2 3 4 l 234
-
detde
A1 3 4 6 O 112
d-dc+de
=

257m O 0 0 m -

TH1: m-N = 0 Ex m wthir(A)

=

= 2

TH2: m-w + 0 E) m + Nthr(A) = 3

2022
11

UD: Cho
I M

②im i te"
hang a mot A =2

Cridi: 2022
l l
2022
1Al = - (m 1)
-

1 m

Ali mt
wong cap 2(>r(A) =2Ex (Al tO E m 1 + 0
-

Em#1