1.

Discreet mathematics:
 Study of mathematical structures and object that are Conjuction :
 Fundamentally discrete rather than continuous
 E.g. integers, graphs, or statement in logic Let p and q be proposition. The proposition p and q
2. Logic:
Define a formal language for representing knowledge and for
denoted by p^q, is true, when both p and q is true
 Making logical inferences and is false otherwise. The proposition p^q is called
 It help us to understand how to construct a valid arguments\ the conjunction of p and q.
Logic defines:
Example:
 Syntax of statement s
 The meaning of statement Pitt is located in Oakland section of Pittsburgh and
 The rule of logic al interference(manipulation)
3. Propositional logic: 5+2 =8
A propositional is statement that is either true or false
-it is raining today and 2 is a prime number.

-2 is a prime number and 5+2 is not= 8

E.g.: More than 200 students sitting in the class (F)
-13 is a perfect square and 9 is a prime
 5+3=8.(T)
 It is raining today .(either true or false
4. Composite statement: P q P^q PVq
More complex propositional statements can be built from elementary T T T T
statements
T F F T
using logical connectives
F T F T
E.g. proposition A : it rains outside
F F F F
Proposition B: we will see a movie
 Truth table of conjunction and dis conjunction
A new (combined )proposition : if it rains outside then we will see a movie
 Four different combination of values for
Composite statement :  P and q
More complex propositional statements can be built from elementary

statements

Using

logical connectives. Negation: let p be a proportion . the statement “it is not the case that p.” is another proportional called the

 Negation negation of p. the negation of p is denoted by –p and read as not p P -p

 Conjunction
 Disconjuction
 Exclusive or
 Implication
 Biconditional

E.G. Pit is located in the Oakland section of Pittsburgh.
it is not the case that pitt is located in the oakward section of pittsburgh
A truth table displays the relationship between truth values
T F
(T or F) of different propositions .
F T