CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INRODUCTION

SIWES was established by ITF in 1973 to solve the problem of lack of adequate
practical skills preparatory for employment in industries by Nigerian graduates of
tertiary institutions. The Scheme exposes students to industry-based skills necessary for
a smooth transition from the classroom to the world of work. It affords students of
tertiary institutions the opportunity of being familiarized and exposed to the needed
experience in handling machinery and equipment which are usually not available in the
educational institutions. Participation in Industrial Training is a well-known educational
strategy. Classroom studies are integrated with learning through hands-on work
experiences in a field related to the student’s academic major and career goals.
Successful internships foster an experiential learning process that not only promotes
career preparation but provides opportunities for learners to develop skills necessary to
become leaders in their chosen professions. One of the primary goals of the SIWES is
to help students integrate leadership development into the experiential learning process.
Students are expected to learn and develop basic non-profit leadership skills through a
mentoring relationship with innovative non-profit leaders. By integrating leadership
development activities into the Industrial Training experience, we hope to encourage
students to actively engage in non-profit management as a professional career objective.
However, the effectiveness of the SIWES experience will have varying outcomes based
upon the individual student, the work assignment, and the supervisor/mentor
requirements. It is vital that each internship position description includes specific,
written learning objectives to ensure leadership skill development is incorporated.
Participation in SIWES has become a necessary pre-condition for the award of Diploma

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and Degree certificates in specific disciplines in most institutions of higher learning in
the country, in accordance with the education policy of government.

Operators: The ITF, the coordinating agencies (NUC, NCCE, NBTE), employers of
labor and the institutions.

Funding: The Federal Government of Nigeria

Beneficiaries: Undergraduate students of the following: Agriculture, Engineering,

Technology, Environmental, Science, Education, Medical Science, Pure, and Applied
Sciences.

Duration: Four months for Polytechnics and Colleges of Education, and Six months
for the Universities.

1.1 OBJECTIVES OF SIWES

The following are some of the objectives of SIWES:

1. To provide students the opportunity to test their interest in a particular career

before permanent commitments are made.
2. To develop students skills in the application of theory to practical work
situations.
3. To provide students the opportunity to test their aptitude for a particular career
before permanent commitments are made.
4. To develop students skills and techniques directly applicable to their careers.
5. To aid students in adjusting from college to full-time employment.
6. To provide students the opportunity to develop attitudes conducive to effective
interpersonal relationships.
7. To improve student sense of responsibility.

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8. To prepare students into full-time employment in their area of specialization upon
graduation.
9. To help students acquire good work habits

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 CHAPTER TWO

2.0 PROFILE OF NTA

The Nigerian Television Authority or NTA is a Nigerian government-owned and partly

commercial broadcast station. Originally known as Nigerian Television (NTV), it was
inaugurated in 1977 with a monopoly on national television broadcasting, after a
takeover of regional television stations by military governmental authorities in 1976.
After declining interest from the public in government-influenced programming, it lost
its monopoly over television broadcasting in Nigeria in the 1990s.

The NTA runs the largest television network in Nigeria with stations in several parts of
the country. It is widely viewed as the "authentic voice" of the Nigerian government.

Early broadcast stations in Nigeria

The first television station in Nigeria, the Western Nigerian Government Broadcasting
Corporation (WNTV) began broadcasting on 31 October 1959. Its first Chairman was
Olapade Obisesan, a lawyer trained in the United Kingdom and the son of Akinpelu
Obisesan, an Ibadan socialite and first president of the Cooperative Bank of
Nigeria. Vincent Maduka, a former engineer, was the General Manager. The station was
based in Ibadan, making it the first broadcast station in tropical Africa, although more
northern parts of Africa already had television stations.

In March 1962, Radio-Television Kaduna/Radio Kaduna Television (RKTV) was

established. It was based in Kaduna and was operated by the Broadcasting Company of
Northern Nigeria. RKTV also provided coverage for the central northern states; it
opened new stations on Zaria in July 1962 and on Kano in February 1963. Later in
1977, it was re-branded NTV-Kaduna.

In April 1962, the Nigerian Broadcasting Corporation (NBC) was established as a

federal government-owned service based in the city of Lagos, broadcasting to the
southwestern states.

MidWest TV was established in 1972 as a TV broadcaster of Port Harcourt. It was run

by the state government in Benin.

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Benue-Plateau Television Corporation (BPTV) was established in 1974 with
headquarters in Jos. It was the first television station to launch regular/permanent colour
broadcasts in Africa. The colour test transmissions began on 1 October 1975. BPTV
was later re-branded as NTV-Jos.

NTA was founded in 1977. By May 1977 all the state television broadcasters listed
above were merged and re-branded as Nigerian Television (NTV) and owned by the
Nigerian Television Authority. Obisesan and Makuda continued in the roles of
Chairman and General Manager of NTA. As of 1979, NTA had reached about 20% of
the Nigerian population.

2.4 ORGANIZATIONALSTRUCTURE OF NTA

The Organizational structure of NTA has the Federal Ministry of Information & Culture
as its Representative in the governing board. The General Manager is a member of the
board and he reports to the board on the management of the Authority. The structure of
the Authority is in a form where there are several area offices across the 36 States of the
Federation. The Authority has the following Principal Officers responsible for the day
to day activities of the Authority.

The General Manager

This is the overall boss of Authority. He is responsible for overseeing all the
departments which includes the administrative, programmes, news and current affairs,
finance, engineering and marketing departments.

Administrative Manager

This is the head of the administrative office. He/she is in charge of the day to day
activities; responsible for hiring and firing staff, promotion, updating of staff records.
He/she also monitors the welfare and wellbeing of the staff. It is the responsibility of
this department to ensure that there is smooth flow of duties. The administrative
department, through the leadership of the admin manager also impose discipline and
sanctions such as query when necessary.

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Programmes Manager

The programmes manager is the head of programmes dept. This department is in charge
of production and presentation area of the station. Under the programmes department,
there is library unit where compact discs, tapes, recorded programmes, film promos,
advertisements, documentaries (and other audio-visual content), which are to be
transmitted are kept, also, for storage after transmission.

The editing unit is also part of the programmes department. This unit is responsible for
editing various outdoor events or recorded programmes before such go on air.

Manager, News and Current Affairs Department

This is the head of the news and current affairs department. This department is
responsible for news gathering and news casting. The department has correspondents
who are attached to permanent beats where they report news worthy events that occur in
their beats.

As part of their news gathering process, it is also part of their responsibility to monitor
foreign stations for news and also source from newspapers. This forms part of the news
bulletin aired on the station. According to the Admin Officer of the NTA Channel 10
Lagos, Mr Olajide Moore, it is the responsibility of the newscaster to select the crew
such as reporter, cameramen and driver. They go to various events such as conferences,
meeting, launchings etc to also gather news worthy events.

Announcements such as missing person’s announcement, obituary and burial

arrangements announcements, are also prepared in this department.

Chief Accountant

This is the head of finance department. He/she is in charge of receiving the proceeds
made from sales of the stations air space/air time. The marketing department is
responsible for the sales, which in turn remits proceeds to the finance department which
is in charge of income and expenditure.

The auditor also falls under the finance department. A key figure, he/she is responsible
for auditing the money that goes in and out of the station for proper accountability.

Chief Manager, Engineering Services

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He/she heads the engineering department. The department is in charge of maintenance
and use of the station’s equipment. This department works hand in hand with
programmes division to transmit programmes. They ensure equipment is made available
for production and transmission of the programmes, also, ensuring the mast and
transmitters work perfectly.

Manager, Marketing

He/she heads the marketing department and is responsible for selling airtime; for
programs which are aired on the station. This department, under the Marketing Manager
also ‘rents’ out physical space within the station’s premises for those who wish to host
events there. It is also the responsibility of the marketing department to go out and
source for sponsorships and advertisement from companies who wish to advertise their
products and independent producers who wish to air their programmes on the channel.

Organogram of NTA

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 CHAPTER THREE
3.0 SKILL & KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRED

I was assigned to the NTA, Jos area office of the Authority, the area consist of several
computer systems, transmitters and mass communication accessories were I was taught
on the identifications of various components and their usages.

The world today relies on information, and this information can be more reliably and
faster through the use of computer systems and other electronic devices like the radio
transmitter. Thus, the News department is responsible for sourcing and providing
programmes schedules for the authority, its staff and general public. The Area office
faces a great number of different programmes. These programmes include:

1. Advertising and Marketing

Advertising and marketing deal with providing persuasive services which encourage the
audience to buy the product. It usually takes place in a mass form, such as televisions.
Advertisers have full control over the messages which are sent to their audiences.

2. Public Relations

Public relations is the process of providing information to the public to present a

specific view of a product or organization. Public relation decides where and how to
pass the information.

3. Corporate Communication

Corporate Communication basically deals with building a relationship with the

company better in the market. Mass communication helps to reach the product to the
right customers.

4. Journalism

Journalism is the production and distribution of reports on events for presentation

through the media. The study of journalism involves analyzing the dissemination of

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information to the public through media outlets such as newspapers, magazines, radio,
and TV channels.

5. Film and Television

As the name suggests, Film and Television is related to the study of broadcasting in the
field of film and television.

6. Digital Media

Digital Media creates any media to be put on electronic devices. It is created, viewed,
distributed, and stored in digital forms.

During my attachment with the Plateau State Area office of NTA, Jos I was able
enhances on practical skills in the following areas.

1. Fine communication skills: The internship has provides me a platform to speak on

several topics and makes me learn on how to convey the audience with their views.

2. Writing: I have imbibe the skills of is putting my thoughts into words to resonate
with the audience.

3. Reporting: I was sent to different places (preplanned and on the spot ) as journalists
for reporting.

4. Production: I have been able to imbibe Hands-on training which is given in

production on television, radio, etc.

5. Problem-solving: Creative ways of solving the problems are its integral part of
teaching. They are taught to be resourceful and to handle the pressure.

6. Decision making: Students are edified with effective ways of making decisions
under all circumstances.

7. Creative: The integral part of the internship has support and enhance my creativity.

I was edified for creating an impact on media and the digital world. I was able to carry
out research on how media influences consumer behaviors. The impact of age, gender,
and race on messages related to health and medicines are viewed.

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The interview is a literary presentation of a journalist’s or a blogger’s conversation with
a person whose thoughts, comments or explanations on certain issues of life are of
public interest. This is a joint work of a journalist and a person providing the
information. A modern journalists or blogger cannot do without such a device as a voice
recorder. We know that our smartphones can replace several gadgets at once, but the
best voice recorder for journalist remains an indispensable device for many people.
Humanity know about the existence of digital voice recorders. But not everyone uses
them. And in vain. The range of voice recorders is wide.

For journalists, voice recorders are necessary. People of this profession have to record
interviews constantly. After all, this is part of their profession, to interview and then
capture on the basis of the received information articles or blogs.

Photojournalism began with the invention of the camera. The first camera was invented
by Alexander Wolcott. His camera was patented on May 8th, 1840. Without the
invention of the camera photojournalism would have never had a chance to influence
the minds of its viewers the way that it does today. Visuals put everything into
perspective for people, written language and words on a paper mean something but
when a reader can actually see what it going on, it brings those words to reality.

Camera

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A tripod is a three-legged stand designed to support a camera. Cameras are mounted to
a tripod, also referred to as “sticks,” for stability. Tripods utilize a fluid head. This also
allows the camera to pan left and right or tilt up and down.

In still photography, tripods allow photographers to use slower shutter speeds for long
exposure images while reducing the amount of camera shake.

Tripods are one of the most fundamental camera rigs. Despite its simplicity, they can be
one of the most effective storytelling tools a cinematographer has when used correctly
with intention. Let's explore some of the fundamental applications of this essential piece
of gear.

Tripod Stand

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 CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 CHALLENGES

Challenges that I was confronted with at the NTA, Jos were mainly centered on
inadequate confident of the officers in the area office.

During the early weeks of my internship, there was few numbers of SIWES students
and this resulted to some students being overworked. More students were however
brought on during the course of my stay.

Also, the challenges of logistic transporting myself from home to work every day with
the contemporary hike in petroleum products and other commodities however, I
resulted to trekking to workplace.

4.1 CONCLUSION

This industrial training has afforded me the basic practical and theoretical knowledge
that I may not have gotten from the lecture room. It also gave me the opportunity to
have a feel of what it would be like after graduation when I start working. After my
internship with NTA, Jos:

 I can effectively handle the demands of programme room of any Organization I

find myself in future public relation organization I find myself.
 I can effectively assist in the administration of a company’s new and corporate
affairs.
 I can carry out reports, which includes print and virtual media e.t.c. Other
benefits include:

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 Good working ethics: As a result of the close working relationship I had with
the news reporters, I have been able to imbibe good working ethics. These ethics
includes been able to handle situation with little or no help, being able to provide
solutions to lingering problems, etc.

Career Path: I have been able to use this training to explore various
avenues available at my disposal career-wise. It has given me the
opportunity to have a look into the future and access my readiness for
employment or entrepreneurship. Finally, the internship has bridged the gap
between academic theory and practical and has built a good degree of confidence
especially in my abilities to perform. It has also given me a first-hand experience
of the entire mass communication industry, I can confidently say that the
experience gotten from this training was a worthwhile experience.

4.2 RECOMMENDATION

For subsequent trainees being taken up by the Authority, I strongly recommend a more
stringent supervision of their training program, especially by the Program department.
This will go a long way in ensuring that trainees do not lose focus and will constantly
remind them that their services to the Authority remain valuable. Also I suggest ITF
should liaise with some companies where they will take up students for industrial
training. This will help students who find it difficult to find attachments or who end up
in companies where they do nothing.

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