This is the transcript of my Youtube video with the same

title.

The ancient Egyptian calendar was a solar calendar

having a fixed 365 days per year. Now the Earth revolves
around the Sun at almost exactly 365.256363004 days,
and unlike other calendars that have leap years wherein
the discrepancy is corrected every certain period of time,
the Egyptian calendar does not compensate for the
0.256363004 of a day difference every year. This means
the Egyptian New Year is observed one day earlier, or
slides back one day, every approximately 4 years.

The Sothic cycle is a period of about 1,461 Egyptian

calendar years of exactly 365 days each which is
equivalent to about 1,460 solar years averaging 365.25
days each. At the end of one complete Sothic cycle, the
calendar having 365 days a year - loses enough time that
the start of its year, or its New Year, once again coincides
with the heliacal rising of Sopdet (Egyptian name) or
Sothis (Greek and Latin name) which Egyptologists
associate with the star Sirius.

I said the Sothic cycle is about 1,460 solar years because

the start of a new Sothic cycle depends on actual
observation of the star rise of Sopdet falling on the day
before the Egyptian New Year’s day. And the precession
of Earth’s equinoxes causes the date of the heliacal rise of
stars to move forward slowly in time. For example, the star
rise of Sirius was June 18 Gregorian calendar in 3500 BC,
but was June 30 Gregorian calendar in 2000 BC, or an
advance of 12 days in a period of only 1500 years, which
by the way is just 40 years more than the supposed 1,460
years Sothic cycle. Because of this, the actual observed
period of the Sothic cycle should be less than the
calculated and presumed 1,460 solar years.

The Egyptians call the start of a new Sothic cycle a Great

or Divine Year and it corresponds to the life cycle of the
sacred Phoenix or the Bennu of Heliopolis, which is a
symbol of rebirth. Now the first month of the Egyptian
calendar is Thoth, which is ‘by name only’, the first month
of the flooding season which the Egyptians call Akhet.
I said ‘by name only’ because this becomes true solely at
the start of the Sothic cycle when the first day of the first
month of Thoth starts on the heliacal rise of Sopdet. Most
scholars agree that the Egyptian day began at dawn,
before the rising of the Sun, rather than sunrise. And the
heliacal rise of Sopdet is sighted during this time. Thus the
Sothic rise falling on the first day of Thoth marks both the
end of the previous Sothic cycle and the start of a new
one.

The concept of a Sothic year comes to us via a Roman

author named Censorinus. In 238 AD he wrote that 99
years before (or in 139 AD), a Great Year began on the
Egyptian calendar, which is based on the motions of
Sirius, the Dog Star, and that it is 1460 years long.
Astronomical calculation definitely dates this heliacal rising
to July 20, 139 AD, Julian calendar. Theon of Alexandria,
who lived a century after Censorinus, agreed with him,
and declared that the previous Sothic cycle began with the
"Era of Menophres" in 1322-1321 BC, or exactly 1460
years before July 20, 139 AD.

Armed with that information, the Egyptologists looked for a

pharaoh named Menophres. They settled on Ramesses I,
because one of his other names was Menpehtire. Since
Ramses is credited with only a one-year reign, both he
and the beginning of the 19th Dynasty were initially
pegged at 1321 BC although it has now been revised to
1292 BC.

The earliest record of the start of the Sothic cycle can be

found in the ivory tablet of Djer, the third Pharaoh of the
First Dynasty of ancient Egypt whose capital was in Thinis.
This heliacal rise was dated by Egyptologists on July 17,
2773 BC Julian calendar. However, this date is too late for
Djer's reign which is dated circa 3000 BC.

And this is a big problem, because the Sothic cycle was

used for absolute dating of the Egyptian Chronology, not
just for the 19th Dynasty under Ramesses I which I
discussed earlier, but also for the 18th Dynasty and the
12th Dynasty. And if the Sothic rise calculation for Djer’s
reign is too late, then this means the Sothic rise
calculation used for dating the other dynasties may be
faulty as well. In my previous video titled ‘Sothis is
Aldebaran, the Eye of Ra & the red Sirius is Ain, the Eye
of Horus - the two Eyes of Taurus’ I discussed in detail the
imagery found in the ivory tablet of Djer as follows:

“Thus in summary, the ivory tablet of Djer is telling us that the heliacal rise
of Sopdet-Isis or Aldebaran (the sun disc of Ra between two horns whose
star rise signals the start of the flooding season) happened in the
constellation Taurus (the stooping bull representing Apis, the son of
Hathor) while Venus (the feather of Maat-Isis representing Horus) was
between the two horns of Taurus on the day a new Sothic cycle started.”

The actual location of Thinis, the capital of the First

Dynasty Pharaoh Djer, remains undiscovered. So I will be
using the coordinates of the center of a total solar eclipse
located in Egypt instead. This eclipse, I believe, occurred
sometime during Djer’s reign. Using Stellarium and setting
the Algorithm of delta T to Chapront-Touze & Chapront
(1991), the location at coordinates: 27° 31' 57.0" N, 33° 10'
59.0" E, the date to May 15, 2817 BC (or -2816 in
astronomical year numbering) and at 2:16 UTC, one can
see the heliacal rise of Aldebaran.
Setting the time at 2:34 UTC, one can see Venus rising
from the horizon. According to Stellarium, its heliacal rise
should have happened on May 21 still or 6 days later.
However, looking at Venus' visual magnitude that time, it
was already at 0.73, or below magnitude 1 which is the
limit for naked eye visibility during a total solar eclipse, and
is similar to the day sky during early dawn. So it may be
possible that May 15 was also the heliacal rise of Venus
coinciding with Aldebaran - a not so common coincidence.
Note also that the ivory tablet of Djer placed the Ma’at
feather (representing Venus) below that of the sun of Ra
(representing Sopdet or Aldebaran). This implies that the
visible rising of Venus above the horizon followed that of
Aldebaran which was actually the case on May 15, 2817
BC.
Setting the time at 15:33:33 UTC, one can see a total
solar eclipse just 30 minutes before sunset, allowing
Mercury to be visible during daytime.
The center of the eclipse was and still is part of Egypt, and
I believe this is the true location of Thinis.
Note also that this eclipse was positioned at the left side of
the club of Orion, while Orion and his club was positioned
at the left side of Taurus.
Now look again at the ivory tablet of Djer, there one will
see a club at the left side of Taurus, or the stooping cow.
Furthermore, at the bottom left side of the club, one will
see a circle with an inclined cross inside.
The club at the left side of the stooping cow in the ivory
tablet, is of course the club of Orion. While the circled
cross symbol at the bottom left side of the club represents
the solar eclipse which happened at the left side of Orion’s
club. This circled cross is below the sun of Ra and the
Ma’at feather implying that the eclipse happened after the
heliacal rise of both Aldebaran and Venus on that same
day and which actually was the case.

Now note the arm and hand pointing at the club in the
ivory tablet, this arm is the right arm of Auriga which is
also pointing at Orion’s club in the sky. Auriga is often
portrayed as a charioteer, and the square (with 9 smaller
squares inside) represents his chariot on top of the circled
cross (the eclipsed sun) serving as its wheel.
The chariot on top of a circled cross wheel is a very
ancient symbolism. The 9 smaller squares inside the
square chariot represents the 9 deities of the Ennead,
namely, Shu, Tefnut, Geb, Nut, Osiris, Isis, Set, Nephthys,
and Horus the Elder; while the sun god Atum is
represented by the circled cross.
Now notice the falcon sitting on top of the two boxes
joined or stacked together.
The two conjoined boxes represent the conjoined twins,
Castor and Pollux of Gemini, and the falcon sitting on top
of the boxes or the foreground of Gemini represents the
falcon god Horus who was represented by Mercury that
day and which momentarily appeared in Gemini during the
time of the eclipse. Apparently, Horus is represented not
just by Venus, but also by Mercury as well, which are the
two planets closer to the Sun than Earth.

I believe May 15, 2817 BC is the correct date of the

earliest recorded heliacal rise of Sopdet, and was the
Egyptian calendar’s first ever New Year’s day. Note
however that May 15, 2817 BC is about 44 years earlier
than the July 17, 2773 BC date calculated for the star rise
of Sopdet during Djer’s reign based on Censorinus’
account. And this is understandable after all almost 3,000
years have passed between the first recorded Sothic cycle
and the time of Censorinus.

Because the precession of the equinoxes advances the

date of the heliacal rise of stars slowly over a period of
time, the Egyptians cannot use a fixed period of 1,460
solar years to mark the end of a Sothic cycle. So the
Egyptians must use another celestial sign to mark its end,
and this marker should coincide with the star rise of
Sopdet for the effect of the precession on both the
celestial marker and the star rise of Sopdet to match. The
celestial sign that coincided with the star rise of Sopdet in
May 15, 2817 BC was the solar eclipse. And a solar
eclipse coinciding with the heliacal rise of Sopdet can be
calculated or predicted because it occurs regularly over a
fixed period of time.

The orbit of the Moon is inclined with respect to the orbit of

the Sun; and a lunar node is either of the two orbital nodes
of the Moon, that is, the two opposite points at which the
orbit of the Moon intersects the orbit of the Sun. A lunar
eclipse can occur only when the full Moon is near either
lunar node (within 11° 38' ecliptic longitude), while a solar
eclipse can occur only when the new Moon is near either
lunar node (within 17° 25').

Now notice the Eye of Ra, a symbol of Sopdet,

represented by the red solar disc: below it one can see a
two headed cobra named Wadjet looking at opposite sides
of each other. I believe this two headed cobra represents
the two opposite orbital nodes of the Moon responsible for
solar and lunar eclipses. In Hindu astrology, the two
opposite lunar nodes are named Rahu and Ketu, and they
are both represented as a snake.

Because the Moon has two lunar nodes located opposite

each other, and because the synodic orbital period of the
Moon is about 29.530589 days, two successive eclipses,
one lunar and one solar, happens consecutively and
separated by about 14.7652945 days from each other, or
half the synodic orbital period of the Moon. So for the
ancient Egyptian astronomers, a solar eclipse visible in
Egypt on the same day as the star rise of Sopdet, or a
lunar eclipse visible in Egypt about 15 days earlier, should
be the celestial marker they are looking for to declare the
end of the current Sothic cycle and declare the beginning
of a new one.

Now because the orbital plane of the Moon precesses in

space, the lunar nodes also precess around the ecliptic.
This cycle measured against an inertial frame of reference
is 18.599525 years, or about 6,793.5948551 days. Earth’s
orbit around the Sun is about 365.256363 days, while the
sidereal orbital period of the Moon around the Earth is
about 27.321661 days. 523,046 days is a period of time
when the orbital periods of the lunar nodes, the Earth, and
the Moon make nearly whole cycles each. During this
period, Earth makes about 1,431.996956 cycles or about
1,432 complete solar years, which is just 28 years short of
the 1,460 years associated with the period of the Sothic
cycle by Egyptologists.

Also, In 523,046 days, the Moon makes about

19,144.004458587 cycles or about 19,144 complete
cycles, while the lunar nodes make about 76.9910498
cycles, or about 77 complete cycles. Thus it is expected
that a solar eclipse will happen on the same day as the
heliacal rise of Sopdet, or Aldebaran, 523,046 days after
May 15, 2817 BC, or on May 23, 1385 BC. I believe this is
the start of a new Sothic cycle which Theon of Alexandria
declared began with the "Era of Menophres", and which
followed the Sothic cycle which started during Djer’s reign.
It is about 63 to 64 years earlier than the 1322-1321 BC
date that Theon calculated for this era.

And indeed, a solar eclipse happened on May 23, 1385

BC at 5:13:24 UTC as calculated and expected. Also, the
heliacal rise of Sopdet, or Aldebaran, occurred on that
same day at 2:00 UTC, using the same coordinates that I
used for its star rise during Djer’s reign. You can verify this
using Stellarium and by setting the Algorithm of delta T to
JPL Horizons. This shows that both the star rise of Sopdet
and the solar eclipse happened on the same day.
However, because of precession of the equinoxes, the
center of this solar eclipse was located far south from
Egypt, and therefore not visible in Egypt.

But fortunately, its corresponding lunar eclipse that

happened about 14.765 days earlier, or on May 8, 1385
BC at 21:00 UTC was visible in Egypt using the same
coordinates which I used for Djer’s Sothic rise observation.
You can verify this using Stellarium and by setting the
algorithm of delta T to JPL Horizons.
The sighting of this lunar eclipse between 14 to 15 days
earlier from the star rise of Sopdet on May 23, 1385 BC
was enough sign for the Egyptians to know that a solar
eclipse happened on the same day as Sopdet’s heliacal
rise although this solar eclipse was not visible in Egypt.
If we divide 523,046 days, the number of days between
the start of two successive Sothic cycles, by 365 days, we
get about 1,433.0027397 Egyptian calendar cycles.
Multiplying these number of cycles by 0.256363004 of a
day (or the difference between a solar year and an
Egyptian year of 365 days), we get about 367.3688871
days which the date of the star rise of Sopdet has slided
backward starting from the time of Djer.

Subtracting 365 days from 367.3688871 days we get

2.3688871 days or 3 days which the date of the star rise of
Sopdet has slided backward from the 365th day of the
Egyptian calendar. And this date is the 362nd day which is
also the second day of the 13th Egyptian month known as
the five epagomenal days. During these 5 days, the
birthdays of 5 Egyptian deities are celebrated one day
after the other in the following order: Osiris, Horus the
Elder, Set, Nephthys, and Isis.

If the 2nd day of the 13th month is to be the end of a

previous Sothic cycle, as well as the start of a new Sothic
cycle, then the birthday of Isis (coinciding with the star rise
of Sopdet) has to be celebrated on the 2nd day of the 13th
month in 1385 BC, or the same day as the birthday of
Horus the Elder. It will necessarily omit or cancel the
birthday celebrations of Set and Nephthys happening on
the 3rd and 4th day of the 13th month.

Furthermore, the birthday of Horus the Elder coinciding

with the birthday of Isis, which happens only at the end of
a Sothic cycle, gave rise to the myth of Horus the Elder, or
Heru-ur, son of Nut, being reborn as Horus, or Heru, son
of Isis. This rebirth of Horus the Elder into Horus was also
the rebirth of the sacred Phoenix or the Bennu of
Heliopolis, which is a symbol of rebirth, and was
celebrated at the end of every Sothic cycle.