Bluetooth Module HC-05

Introduction:
HC‐05 module is an easy to use Bluetooth SPP (Serial Port Protocol) module, designed for transparent
wireless serial connection setup. The HC-05 Bluetooth Module can be used in a Master or Slave
configuration, making it a great solution for wireless communication. This serial port Bluetooth module is
fully qualified Bluetooth V2.0+EDR (Enhanced Data Rate) 3Mbps Modulation with complete 2.4GHz
radio transceiver and baseband. It uses CSR Blue core 04‐External single chip Bluetooth system with
CMOS technology and with AFH (Adaptive Frequency Hopping Feature).
The Bluetooth module HC-05 is a MASTER/SLAVE module. By default the factory setting is SLAVE.
The Role of the module (Master or Slave) can be configured only by AT Commands. The slave modules
cannot initiate a connection to another Bluetooth device, but can accept connections. Master module can
initiate a connection to other devices. The user can use it simply for a serial port replacement to establish
connection between MCU and GPS, PC to your embedded project, etc.

Hardware Features:

 Typical ‐80dBm sensitivity.

 Up to +4dBm RF transmits power.
 3.3 to 5 V I/O.
 PIO (Programmable Input/output) control.
 UART interface with programmable baud rate.
 With integrated antenna.
 With edge connector

Software Features:

 Slave default Baud rate: 9600, Data bits:8, Stop bit:1,Parity:No parity.
 Auto‐connect to the last device on power as default.
 Permit pairing device to connect as default.
 Auto‐pairing PINCODE:”1234” as default.

Pin Description:
The HC-05 Bluetooth Module has 6pins. They are as follows:

ENABLE: When enable is pulled LOW, the module is disabled which means the module will not turn
on and it fails to communicate. When enable is left open or connected to 3.3V, the module is enabled i.e.
the module remains on and communication also takes place.

Vcc: Supply Voltage 3.3V to 5V

GND: Ground pin

TXD & RXD: These two pins acts as an UART interface for communication

STATE: It acts as a status indicator. When the module is not connected to / paired with any other
Bluetooth device, signal goes Low. At this low state, the led flashes continuously which denotes that the
module is not paired with other device. When this module is connected to/paired with any other Bluetooth
device, the signal goes high. At this high state, the led blinks with a constant delay say for example 2s
delay which indicates that the module is paired.

BUTTON SWITCH: This is used to switch the module into AT command mode. To enable AT command
mode, press the button switch for a second. With the help of AT commands, the user can change the
parameters of this module but only when the module is not paired with any other BT device. If the
module is connected to any other Bluetooth device, it starts to communicate with that device and fails to
work in AT command mode.

This Module has two types of operation modes which are following

 AT Command Mode
 Connection Mode

AT Command Mode:

The AT command mode is a module whenever the set of commands is used for the setup and configure
the module. In this mode, the modules are not identified by the other Bluetooth devices. This type of
mode will take the pin to high and the commands are sent to the module serially like string. The string
should be in the capital letters and every command should be ended by the ‘rn’. If the command is known
by the module then the module will reply with the string which contains the ‘OK’. If the command is
unknown by the module will reply with the string which contains ERROR ( ). The error determines the
type of error and a specific code.

Connection Mode:

The connection mode is the device which can connect directly to the other device. We can identify this
device on other devices and it can connect with the help of the passkey which should be entered and the
passkey is a default which is ‘1234’. In the connection mode, we cannot change configuration serially but
we can only communicate with it. In this case, the pin is Not Connected.

Bluetooth Module Interfacing With the Microcontroller:

To enable Bluetooth communication the Bluetooth module is used widely. This module is interfaced with
the 8051 microcontrollers by using the UART and the data is transmitted in the form of packets. The path
for the data transmission and reception is formed by using the pins of Tx and Rx of HC 05 Bluetooth
module. The Tx pin of HC 05 Bluetooth module should be connected to the Rx pin of the microcontroller.
The Rx pin of HC 05 is connected to the pin of the Tx pin of the 8051 microcontrollers. To pairing the
module with our device the key pin of the module is used.

The Bluetooth terminal applications should be present in our devices like mobile & PC to communicate
with the microcontroller with the help of Bluetooth. We have no. of apps which are present on the internet
for the different types of like OS, Android, Windows, Mac, and other programming devices. The
following circuit diagram shows the schematic diagram of the Bluetooth module interfacing with the
microcontroller.

Bluetooth Module Interfacing With the Microcontroller

The applications are urbanized in a way to send the characters to your device, Bluetooth which should be
received by the Bluetooth module is connected to the microcontroller. Even though dome of the apps is
offered interactive GUI buttons which transmit the specific characters by pressing the each button. Later
on, the received characters are a process in our code and the controller carries out the tasks based on the
received character. The Bluetooth communication can be used in two ways the first way is it can be used
for receiving data from the controller and the second one is controlling the system using our device
Bluetooth.
Advantages of Bluetooth Module:

 When we are traveling with the laptop and with the other wireless devices we don’t need to carry the
connection cables.
 Hence it is a wireless technology.
 The cost of the Bluetooth is not an expensive.
 The Bluetooth modules are standardized protocol because they can connect with the same Bluetooth
as well as with the different Bluetooth projects model.
 The Bluetooth module can connect automatically with another Bluetooth device at a range of 30 feet.
 There is a low energy consumption in the Bluetooth devices in generally we can see in the mobile
phones.

Applications of Bluetooth Module:

 Laptops
 Mobile phones
 Wireless technology
 Bluetooth speakers